Reliability of Urinary Dehydration Markers in Elite Youth Boxers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Zubac ◽  
Drazen Cular ◽  
Uros Marusic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Actual Body Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

Purpose:To determine the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive urinary dehydration markers in field-based settings on a day-to-day basis in elite adolescent amateur boxers.Methods:Sixty-nine urine samples were collected daily from 23 athletes (17.3 ± 1.9 y) during their weight-stable phase and analyzed by field and laboratory measures of hydration status. Urine osmolality (UOSM), urine specific gravity (USG), total protein content (TPC), and body-mass stability were evaluated to determine fluid balance and hydration status. Overall macronutrient and water intake were determined using dietary records. According to their anthropometric characteristics, athletes were assigned into 2 groups: lightweight (LWB) and heavyweight (HWB) boxers.Results:Data presented on UOSMdemonstrated a uniform increment by 11.2% ± 12.8% (LWB) and 19.9% ± 22.7% (HWB) (P < .001) over the course of the study, even during the weight-stable phase (body mass, ICC = .99) and ad libitum fluid intake (42 ± 4 mL · kg−1 · d−1). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .52 to .55 for USGand .38 to .52 for UOSM, further indicating inconsistency of the urinary dehydration markers. Poor correlations were found between USGand TPCmetabolites (r = .27,P = .211).Conclusions:Urinary dehydration markers (both USGand UOSM) exhibit high variability and seem to be unreliable diagnostic tools to track actual body-weight loss in real-life settings. The ad libitum fluid intake was apparently inadequate to match acute fluid loss during and after intense preparation. The applicability of a single-time-point hydration-status assessment concept may preclude accurate assessment of actual body-weight deficits in youth boxers.

The Influence of Heat Acclimation and Hypohydration on Post-Weight-Loss Exercise Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Oliver R. Barley ◽  
Dale W. Chapman ◽  
Georgios Mavropalias ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Food And Fluid Intake

Purpose: To examine the influence of fluid intake on heat acclimation and the subsequent effects on exercise performance following acute hypohydration. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, either able to consume water ad libitum (n = 10; age 23 [3] y, height 1.81 [0.09] m, body mass 87 [13] kg; HAW) or not allowed fluid (n = 10; age 26 [5] y, height 1.76 [0.05] m, body mass 79 [10] kg; HANW) throughout 12 × 1.5-h passive heat-acclimation sessions. Experimental trials were completed on 2 occasions before (2 baseline trials) and 1 following the heat-acclimation sessions. These sessions involved 3 h of passive heating (45°C, 38% relative humidity) to induce hypohydration followed by 3 h of ad libitum food and fluid intake after which participants performed a repeat sled-push test to assess physical performance. Urine and blood samples were collected before, immediately, and 3 h following hypohydration to assess hydration status. Mood was also assessed at the same time points. Results: No meaningful differences in physiological or performance variables were observed between HANW and HAW at any time point. Using pooled data, mean sprint speed was significantly (P < .001) faster following heat acclimation (4.6 [0.7] s compared with 5.1 [0.8] s). Furthermore, heat acclimation appeared to improve mood following hypohydration. Conclusions: Results suggest that passive heat-acclimation protocols may be effective at improving short-duration repeat-effort performance following acute hypohydration.

Evaluation of Alternate Size Descriptors for Dose Calculation of Anticancer Drugs in the Obese

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 4707-4713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sparreboom ◽  
Antonio C. Wolff ◽  
Ron H.J. Mathijssen ◽  
Etienne Chatelut ◽  
Eric K. Rowinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Actual Body Weight

Purpose Despite the rising prevalence of obesity, there is paucity of information describing how doses of anticancer drugs should be adjusted in clinical practice. Here, we assessed the pharmacokinetics of eight anticancer drugs in adults and evaluated the potential utility of alternative weight descriptors in dose calculation for the obese. Patients and Methods A total of 1,206 adult cancer patients were studied, of whom 162 (13.4%) were obese (body mass index ≥ 30). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis, and compared between lean (body mass index ≤ 25) and obese patients. Results The absolute clearance of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and troxacitabine was significantly increased in the obese (P < .023), but this was not observed for carboplatin, docetaxel, irinotecan, or topotecan (P < .17). For doxorubicin, the systemic clearance was statistically significantly reduced in obese women (P = .013), but not in obese men (P = .52). Evaluation of alternate weight descriptors for dose calculation in the obese, including predicted normal weight, lean body mass, (adjusted) ideal body weight, and the mean of ideal and actual body weight, indicated that, for most of the evaluated drugs, weight scalars used to calculate body-surface area should consider actual body weight regardless of size. Conclusion The results suggest that a number of widely used empiric strategies for dose adjustments in obese patients, including a priori dose reduction or dose capping, should be discouraged.

Adjusted versus actual body weight dosing of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in obese patients with warfarin-associated major bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keaton S. Smetana ◽  
Rachel Ziemba ◽  
Casey C. May ◽  
Michael J. Erdman ◽  
Edward T. Van Matre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Actual Body Weight

scholarly journals Actual body weight-based vancomycin dosing in neonates

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pokorná ◽  
Martin Šíma ◽  
Olga Černá ◽  
Karel Allegaert ◽  
Dick Tibboel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Actual Body Weight

scholarly journals Small Differences in Everyday Hydration Status Influence Mood (P04-134-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Benton ◽  
Alecia Cousins ◽  
Hayley Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Reviews consistently find that a loss of about 2% of body mass was needed before either athletic or psychological functioning is disrupted. However, although it is usually assumed that the minor changes in hydration status, that occur during normal life, do not impact on performance, experimentally the topic has been virtually ignored. The impact of everyday variations in hydration was therefore examined. Methods 168 subjects were randomly allocated to drinking water, or not drinking, and in addition consume capsules containing either 300 mg of sodium chloride or a placebo. Subjects were monitored over a three-hour period, during which urine osmolality, loss of body mass and urine production were monitored. Repeatedly subjects reported their mood. Results Subjects came having consumed their normal diet, without any restriction on fluid intake: on average 0.5% body mass was lost during the study. The major finding was that the hydration status on arrival had a greater influence, than subsequent fluid intake and changes in osmolality during the study. With ratings of being agreeable rather than hostile, those with lower baseline osmolality who drank water had better mood than if baseline osmolality was high. As another example, the mood of those who did not drink water only declined during the study when baseline osmolality was high rather than low. With measures of being composed rather than anxious, and being confidence rather than unsure, those who had lower baseline osmolality had a better mood, irrespective of whether water was consumed. Thus, baseline osmolality had an impact greater than drink induced changes in osmolality. Traditionally the normal range of urine osmolality has been said to be 200–800 mOsmoles/kg, yet the critical point at which the response to fluid intake changed was 600 mOsmoles/kg: 61% had a baseline osmolality over 600 and 38% over 800 mOsmoles/kg. Conclusions Some individuals are in a state of dehydration that adversely influences mood; a state not reversed by acute fluid consumption. The pattern of consumption associated with mild-dehydration and its functional consequences needs to be established. Funding Sources There was no funding external other than provided by ** University.

Unfractionated heparin infusion for treatment of venous thromboembolism based on actual body weight without dose capping

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A Shlensky ◽  
Kristina M Thurber ◽  
John G O’Meara ◽  
Narith N Ou ◽  
Jennifer L Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Actual Body Weight ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference

Controversy exists regarding the use of dose capping of weight-based unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions in obese and morbidly obese patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare time to first therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in hospitalized patients receiving UFH for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) among three body mass index (BMI) cohorts: non-obese (< 30 kg/m2), obese (30–39.9 kg/m2), and morbidly obese (⩾ 40 kg/m2). In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, patients were included if they ⩾ 18 years of age, had a documented VTE, and were on an infusion of UFH for at least 24 hours. Weight-based UFH doses were calculated using actual body weight. A total of 423 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 230 (54.4%), 146 (34.5%), and 47 (11.1%) patients in the non-obese, obese, and morbidly obese cohorts, respectively. Median times to therapeutic aPTT were 16.4, 16.6, and 17.1 hours in each cohort. Within 24 hours, the cumulative incidence rates for therapeutic aPTT were 70.7% for the non-obese group, 69.9% for the obese group, and 61.7% for the morbidly obese group (obese vs non-obese: HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.82–1.26, p = 0.88; morbidly obese vs non-obese: HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.62–1.21, p = 0.41). There was no significant difference in major bleeding events between BMI groups (obese vs non-obese, p = 0.91; morbidly obese vs non-obese, p = 0.98). Based on our study, heparin dosing based on actual body weight without a dose cap is safe and effective.

The growth of lambs before and after birth in relation to the level of nutrition

1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Actual Body Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARYIn the investigation described, we have observed a t monthly intervals throughout gestation the changes taking place in a series of similar ewes, in lamb to the same ram, and each receiving the same standard diet.In following the live-weight growth curves of the ewes it was found that on a constant level of feeding the weight gains became greater during each succeeding month of pregnancy, and at corresponding stages were larger for ditocous than for monotocous ewes. This was found to be due to the fact that, although on our diet the ewes did gain slightly in actual body weight, the main increases in live weight resulted from the growth of the gravid uterus itself, and this increases in weight far more rapidly in the later stages of gestation, and is also heavier where twins are carried.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document