scholarly journals Predicting Future Perceived Wellness in Professional Soccer: The Role of Preceding Load and Wellness

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Op De Beéck ◽  
Arne Jaspers ◽  
Michel S. Brink ◽  
Wouter G.P. Frencken ◽  
Filip Staes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Perceived Wellness ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Frames

Purpose: The influence of preceding load and future perceived wellness of professional soccer players is unexamined. This paper simultaneously evaluates the external load (EL) and internal load (IL) for different time frames in combination with presession wellness to predict future perceived wellness using machine learning techniques. Methods: Training and match data were collected from a professional soccer team. The EL was measured using global positioning system technology and accelerometry. The IL was obtained using the rating of perceived exertion multiplied by duration. Predictive models were constructed using gradient-boosted regression trees (GBRT) and one naive baseline method. The individual predictions of future wellness items (ie, fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood) were based on a set of EL and IL indicators in combination with presession wellness. The EL and IL were computed for acute and cumulative time frames. The GBRT model’s performance on predicting the reported future wellness was compared with the naive baseline’s performance by means of absolute prediction error and effect size. Results: The GBRT model outperformed the baseline for the wellness items such as fatigue, general muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood. In addition, only the combination of EL, IL, and presession perceived wellness resulted in nontrivial effects for predicting future wellness. Including the cumulative load did not improve the predictive performances. Conclusions: The findings may indicate the importance of including both acute load and presession perceived wellness in a broad monitoring approach in professional soccer.

Importance of Various Training-Load Measures in Injury Incidence of Professional Rugby League Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi R. Thornton ◽  
Jace A. Delaney ◽  
Grant M. Duthie ◽  
Ben J. Dascombe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The Individual

Purpose:To investigate the ability of various internal and external training-load (TL) monitoring measures to predict injury incidence among positional groups in professional rugby league athletes.Methods:TL and injury data were collected across 3 seasons (2013–2015) from 25 players competing in National Rugby League competition. Daily TL data were included in the analysis, including session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE-TL), total distance (TD), high-speed-running distance (>5 m/s), and high-metabolic-power distance (HPD; >20 W/kg). Rolling sums were calculated, nontraining days were removed, and athletes’ corresponding injury status was marked as “available” or “unavailable.” Linear (generalized estimating equations) and nonlinear (random forest; RF) statistical methods were adopted.Results:Injury risk factors varied according to positional group. For adjustables, the TL variables associated most highly with injury were 7-d TD and 7-d HPD, whereas for hit-up forwards they were sRPE-TL ratio and 14-d TD. For outside backs, 21- and 28-d sRPE-TL were identified, and for wide-running forwards, sRPE-TL ratio. The individual RF models showed that the importance of the TL variables in injury incidence varied between athletes.Conclusions:Differences in risk factors were recognized between positional groups and individual athletes, likely due to varied physiological capacities and physical demands. Furthermore, these results suggest that robust machine-learning techniques can appropriately monitor injury risk in professional team-sport athletes.

High Match Load’s Relation to Decreased Well-Being During an Elite Women’s Rugby Sevens Tournament

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Doeven ◽  
Michel S. Brink ◽  
Barbara C.H. Huijgen ◽  
Johan de Jong ◽  
Koen A.P.M. Lemmink
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Quality Of Recovery ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Stress Levels

During rugby sevens tournaments, it is crucial to balance match load and recovery to strive for optimal performance. Purpose: To determine changes in well-being, recovery, and neuromuscular performance during and after an elite women’s rugby sevens tournament and assess the influence of match-load indicators. Methods: Twelve elite women rugby sevens players (age = 25.3 [4.1]y, height = 169.0 [4.0] cm, weight = 63.9 [4.9] kg, and body fat = 18.6% [2.7%]) performed 5 matches during a 2-d tournament of the Women’s Rugby Sevens World Series. Perceived well-being (fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood), total quality of recovery, and countermovement-jump flight time were measured on match days 1 and 2, 1 d posttournament, and 2 d posttournament. Total distance; low-, moderate-, and high-intensity running; and physical contacts during matches were derived from global positioning system–based time–motion analysis and video-based notational analysis, respectively. Internal match load was calculated by session rating of perceived exertion and playing time (rating of perceived exertion × duration). Results: Well-being (P < .001), fatigue (P < .001), general muscle soreness (P < .001), stress levels (P < .001), mood (P = .005), and total quality of recovery (P < .001) were significantly impaired after match day 1 and did not return to baseline values until 2 d posttournament. More high-intensity running was related to more fatigue (r = −.60, P = .049) and a larger number of physical contacts with more general muscle soreness (r = −.69, P = .013). Conclusion: Perceived well-being and total quality of recovery were already impaired after match day 1, although performance was maintained. High-intensity running and physical contacts were predominantly related to fatigue and general muscle soreness, respectively.

Postmatch Perceived Exertion, Feeling, and Wellness in Professional Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi ◽  
Wassim Moalla
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Stress Fatigue ◽  
Perceived Sleep Quality

Purpose: To assess postmatch perceived exertion, feeling, and wellness according to the match outcome (winning, drawing, or losing) in professional soccer players. Methods: In total, 12 outfield players were followed during 52 official matches where the outcomes (win, draw, or lose) were noted. Following each match, players completed both a 10-point Borg scale modified by Foster and an 11-point Hardy and Rejeski scale rating of perceived feeling. Rating of perceived sleep quality, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness was collected separately on a 7-point scale the day following each match. Results: Player rating of perceived exertion was higher by a very large magnitude following a loss compared with a draw or a win and higher by a small magnitude after a draw compared with a win. Players felt more pleasure after a win compared with a draw or loss and more displeasure after a loss compared with draw. The players reported a largely and moderately better perceived sleep quality, less stress, and fatigue following a win compared with a draw or a loss and a moderately bad perceived sleep quality, higher stress, and fatigue following a draw compared with a loss. In contrast, only a trivial-small change was observed in perceived muscle soreness between all outcomes. Conclusion: Match outcomes moderately to largely affect rating of perceived exertion, feeling, sleep quality, stress, and fatigue, whereas perceived muscle soreness remains high regardless of the match outcome. However, winning a match decreases the strain and improves both pleasure and wellness in professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Internal and External Training Load in Under-19 versus Professional Soccer Players during the In-Season Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Sullivan Coppalle ◽  
Guillaume Ravé ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Iyed Salhi ◽  
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
External Training ◽  
Soccer Team

This study aimed to compare the training load of a professional under-19 soccer team (U-19) to that of an elite adult team (EAT), from the same club, during the in-season period. Thirty-nine healthy soccer players were involved (EAT [n = 20]; U-19 [n = 19]) in the study which spanned four weeks. Training load (TL) was monitored as external TL, using a global positioning system (GPS), and internal TL, using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). TL data were recorded after each training session. During soccer matches, players’ RPEs were recorded. The internal TL was quantified daily by means of the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) using Borg’s 0–10 scale. For GPS data, the selected running speed intensities (over 0.5 s time intervals) were 12–15.9 km/h; 16–19.9 km/h; 20–24.9 km/h; >25 km/h (sprint). Distances covered between 16 and 19.9 km/h, > 20 km/h and >25 km/h were significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT over the course of the study (p =0.023, d = 0.243, small; p = 0.016, d = 0.298, small; and p = 0.001, d = 0.564, small, respectively). EAT players performed significantly fewer sprints per week compared to U-19 players (p = 0.002, d = 0.526, small). RPE was significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT (p =0.001, d = 0.188, trivial). The external and internal measures of TL were significantly higher in the U-19 group compared to the EAT soccer players. In conclusion, the results obtained show that the training load is greater in U19 compared to EAT.

Internal Training Load Affects Day-After-Pretraining Perceived Fatigue in Female Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alexandru Nicolae Ungureanu ◽  
Corrado Lupo ◽  
Gennaro Boccia ◽  
Paolo Riccardo Brustio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Volleyball Players

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the internal (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE] and Edwards heart-rate-based method) and external training load (jumps) affect the presession well-being perception on the day after (ie, +22 h), according to age and tactical position, in elite (ie, Serie A2) female volleyball training. Methods: Ten female elite volleyball players (age = 23 [4] y, height = 1.82 [0.04] m, body mass = 73.2 [4.9] kg) had their heart rate monitored during 13 team (115 individual) training sessions (duration: 101 [8] min). Mixed-effect models were applied to evaluate whether sRPE, Edwards method, and jumps were correlated (P ≤ .05) to Hooper index factors (ie, perceived sleep quality/disorders, stress level, fatigue, and delayed-onset muscle soreness) in relation to age and tactical position (ie, hitters, central blockers, opposites, and setters). Results: The results showed a direct relationship between sRPE (P < .001) and presession well-being perception 22 hours apart, whereas the relationship was the inverse for Edwards method internal training load. Age, as well as the performed jumps, did not affect the well-being perception of the day after. Finally, central blockers experienced a higher delayed-onset muscle soreness than hitters (P = .003). Conclusions: Findings indicated that female volleyball players’ internal training load influences the pretraining well-being status on the day after (+ 22 h). Therefore, coaches can benefit from this information to accurately implement periodization in a short-term perspective and to properly adopt recovery strategies in relation to the players’ well-being status.

scholarly journals Training Loads, Wellness And Performance Before and During Tapering for a Water-Polo Tournament

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Petros G. Botonis ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Theodoros I. Platanou
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

AbstractWe investigated the effectiveness of a short-duration training period including an overloaded (weeks 1 and 2) and a reduced training load period (weeks 3 and 4) on wellness, swimming performance and a perceived internal training load in eight high-level water-polo players preparing for play-offs. The internal training load was estimated daily using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session duration (session-RPE). Perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality, stress level and mood) were assessed daily. Swimming performance was evaluated through 400-m and 20-m tests performed before (baseline) and after the end of weeks 2 and 4. In weeks 3 and 4, the internal training load was reduced by 19.0 ± 3.8 and 36.0 ± 4.7%, respectively, compared to week 1 (p = 0.00). Wellness was improved in week 4 (20.4 ± 2.8 AU) compared to week 1 and week 2 by 16.0 ± 2.2 and 17.3 ± 2.9 AU, respectively (p =0.001). At the end of week 4, swimming performance at 400-m and 20-m tests (299.0 ± 10.2 and 10.2 ± 0.3 s) was improved compared to baseline values (301.4 ± 10.9 and 10.4 ± 0.4 s, p < 0.05) and the overloading training period (week 2; 302.9 ± 9.0 and 10.4 ± 0.4 s, p < 0.05). High correlations were observed between the percentage reduction of the internal training load from week 4 to week 1 (-25.3 ± 5.5%) and the respective changes in 20-m time (-2.1 ± 2.2%, r = 0.88, p < 0.01), fatigue perception (39.6 ± 27.1%), muscle soreness (32.5 ± 26.6%), stress levels (25.6 ± 15.1%) and the overall wellness scores (28.6 ± 21.9%, r = 0.74-0.79, p < 0.05). The reduction of the internal training load improved the overall perceived wellness and swimming performance of players. The aforementioned periodization approach may be an effective training strategy in the lead-up to play-off tournaments.

scholarly journals Physical Performance Differences Between Starter and Non‐Starter Players During Professional Soccer Friendly Matches

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús V. Giménez ◽  
Anthony S. Leicht ◽  
Miguel A. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the physical performance differences between players that started (i.e. starters, ≥65 minutes played) and those that were substituted into (i.e. non‐starter) soccer friendly matches. Fourteen professional players (age: 23.2 ± 2.7 years, body height: 178 ± 6 cm, body mass: 73.2 ± 6.9 kg) took part in this study. Twenty, physical performance‐related match variables (e.g. distance covered at different intensities, accelerations and decelerations, player load, maximal running speed, exertion index, work‐to‐rest ratio and rating of perceived exertion) were collected during two matches. Results were analysed using effect sizes (ES) and magnitude based inferences. Compared to starters, non‐starters covered greater match distance within the following intensity categories: >3.3≤4.2m/s (very likely), >4.2≤5 m/s (likely) and >5≤6.9 m/s (likely). In contrast, similar match average acceleration and deceleration values were identified for starters and non‐starters (trivial). Indicators of workloads including player loads (very likely), the exertion index (very likely), and the work–to‐rest ratio (very likely) were greater, while self‐ reported ratings of perceived exertion were lower (likely) for non‐starters compared to starters. The current study demonstrates that substantial physical performance differences during friendly soccer matches exist between starters and non‐starters. Identification of these differences enables coaches and analysts to potentially prescribe optimal training loads and microcycles based upon player’s match starting status.

Relationship Between Pretraining Subjective Wellness Measures, Player Load, and Rating-of-Perceived-Exertion Training Load in American College Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Govus ◽  
Aaron Coutts ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Andrew Murray ◽  
Hugh Fullagar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
College Football ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Context:The relationship between pretraining subjective wellness and external and internal training load in American college football is unclear.Purpose:To examine the relationship of pretraining subjective wellness (sleep quality, muscle soreness, energy, wellness Z score) with player load and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE-TL) in American college football players.Methods:Subjective wellness (measured using 5-point, Likert-scale questionnaires), external load (derived from GPS and accelerometry), and s-RPE-TL were collected during 3 typical training sessions per week for the second half of an American college football season (8 wk). The relationship of pretraining subjective wellness with player load and s-RPE training load was analyzed using linear mixed models with a random intercept for athlete and a random slope for training session. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) denote the effect magnitude.Results:A 1-unit increase in wellnessZscore and energy was associated with trivial 2.3% (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.5, 4.2; SMD 0.12) and 2.6% (90% CI 0.1, 5.2; SMD 0.13) increases in player load, respectively. A 1-unit increase in muscle soreness (players felt less sore) corresponded to a trivial 4.4% (90% CI −8.4, −0.3; SMD −0.05) decrease in s-RPE training load.Conclusion:Measuring pretraining subjective wellness may provide information about players’ capacity to perform in a training session and could be a key determinant of their response to the imposed training demands American college football. Hence, monitoring subjective wellness may aid in the individualization of training prescription in American college football players.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tug of War pullers competition intensity and physiological response at the 2019 European Championship

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro ◽  
Borja Gutiérrez Santamaría ◽  
Aitor Coca ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Ruth Cayero
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Individual Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Tug of war (TOW) involves 2 teams of eight people, pulling against each other on a rope. The main goal of TOW is to pull the opposing team towards a centre line over a distance of 4 m. The measurement of physiological parameters is key to understanding the demands of an activity and to identifying its limiting performance factors. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity and effort demands of TOW pullers during competition, as follows: Data were collected from 7 male pullers (Height: 175.14±4.85; Body Mass: 77.39±3.92; Age: 39.86±11.68; %Fat: 17.56±5.21; VO2max: 44.24±8.38) in the 560 kg category. The blood lactate concentrations (LAC) were assessed before and at the end of each pull, and the global rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of the pulls. The following week, pullers performed a graded exercise test (GXT). Heart rate, LAC and RPE were assessed before, during and at the end of the GXT to calculate the individual anaerobic threshold. The mean blood lactate concentrations recorded at the end of the pulls (6±1.9 mmol/l) were 32% higher than the mean values recorded for the individual anaerobic threshold intensity (4.1±0.5 mmol/l). For their part, the mean RPE values of athletes after the pulls (6±1.5 mmol/l) were 21% lower than those obtained for intensity of the individual anaerobic threshold (7.6±0.8 mmol/l). The intensity and effort response are greater and kept above the anaerobic threshold during the competition in TOW pullers. Resumen. Tug of war (TOW) involucra a 2 equipos de ocho personas, tirando una contra la otra con una cuerda. El objetivo principal es llevar al equipo contrario hacia una línea central a una distancia de 4 m. La medición de parámetros fisiológicos es clave para comprender las demandas de una actividad y para identificar sus factores limitantes de rendimiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la intensidad y las demandas de esfuerzo de los tiradores de TOW durante la competición. 7 tiradores masculinos (altura: 175,14 ± 4,85; masa corporal: 77,39 ± 3,92; edad: 39,86 ± 11,68; % de grasa: 17,56 ± 5,21; VO2max: 44,24 ± 8,38) en la categoría de 560 kg. Se evaluaron concentraciones de lactato (LAC) antes y después de cada tirada, y el esfuerzo percibido (RPE) al final. La siguiente semana, los tiradores realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo (GXT). La FC, LAC y RPE se evaluaron antes, durante y después del GXT para calcular el umbral anaeróbico individual. Las concentraciones de LAC registradas medios registrados para la intensidad del umbral anaeróbico individual (VT2) (4,1 ± 0,5 mmol/l). Los valores medios de RPE de los deportistas en competición (6 ± 1,5 mmol/l) fueron un 21% inferiores a los obtenidos para la intensidad del VT2 (7,6 ± 0,8 mmol/l). La intensidad y la respuesta al esfuerzo son mayores y se mantienen por encima del VT2 durante la competición en tiradores TOW al final de los tirones (6 ± 1,9 mmol/l) fueron un 32% más altas que los valores.

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