Even Between-Lap Pacing Despite High Within-Lap Variation During Mountain Biking

Purpose:Given the paucity of research on pacing strategies during competitive events, this study examined changes in dynamic high-resolution performance parameters to analyze pacing profiles during a multiple-lap mountain-bike race over variable terrain.Methods:A global-positioning-system (GPS) unit (Garmin, Edge 305, USA) recorded velocity (m/s), distance (m), elevation (m), and heart rate at 1 Hz from 6 mountain-bike riders (mean ± SD age = 27.2 ± 5.0 y, stature = 176.8 ± 8.1 cm, mass = 76.3 ± 11.7 kg, VO2max = 55.1 ± 6.0 mL · kg−1 . min−1) competing in a multilap race. Lap-by-lap (interlap) pacing was analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA for mean time and mean velocity. Velocity data were averaged every 100 m and plotted against race distance and elevation to observe the presence of intralap variation.Results:There was no significant difference in lap times (P = .99) or lap velocity (P = .65) across the 5 laps. Within each lap, a high degree of oscillation in velocity was observed, which broadly reflected changes in terrain, but high-resolution data demonstrated additional nonmonotonic variation not related to terrain.Conclusion:Participants adopted an even pace strategy across the 5 laps despite rapid adjustments in velocity during each lap. While topographical and technical variations of the course accounted for some of the variability in velocity, the additional rapid adjustments in velocity may be associated with dynamic regulation of self-paced exercise.

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Mode Determination by Fourier Analysis of Line-Profile Variations: Application to τ Peg

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100117142 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 147-147

Author(s):

E.J. Kennelly ◽

G.A.H. Walker ◽

W.J. Merryfield ◽

J.M. Matthews

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

High Resolution ◽

Line Profiles ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

Low Degree ◽

Scuti Star ◽

High Degree ◽

Scuti Stars ◽

Resolution Data ◽

Good Agreement

AbstractThe identification of modes of oscillation is an important first step towards the seismology of stars. Low- and high-degree nonradial modes of oscillation may appear as variations in the line profiles of rapidly rotating δ Scuti stars. We present a technique whereby complex patterns in the line profiles are decomposed into Fourier components in both time and “Doppler space”. The technique is applied to the 7.3-hour time series of high-resolution data obtained from CFHT for the δ Scuti star τ Peg. In addition to the low-degree mode which has been identified in photometric studies (Breger 1991), we find evidence for at least three high-degree modes near 11 and 15. Correcting for the rotation of the star, most of these modes appear to oscillate with frequencies near 17 cycles day-1. Our results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical limits imposed on the frequencies of oscillation by the models of Dziembowski (1990).

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IUE observations of CI Cygni during 1979–1981

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100097554 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 145-146

Author(s):

G.B. Baratta ◽

A. Altamore ◽

A. Cassatella ◽

M. Friedjung ◽

D. Ponz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Emission Lines ◽

Low Resolution ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

Line Intensities ◽

Activity Phase ◽

Peculiar Behaviour ◽

Large N ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Intercombination Line

High and low resolution IUE spectra of CI Cyg were obtained at VTLSPA during 1979-81 allowing for an analysis of the spectral variations related to the decreasing activity of the star, and to the eclipse (June 1980).In the high resolution spectra the emission lines have a width slightly larger than the instrumental one. This fact is particularly evident in the HeII 1640 A line and could be related to the peculiar behaviour of this line at low resolution as reported by Michalitsianos et al. (this volume). A systematic radial velocity difference between permitted and intercombination lines was found; this difference should be connected with the structure of the emitting region(s). “Secular” and eclipse varia tion was found in particular in the intercombination line intensities (Viotti et al. 1980). An electron density of ∼ 0.3–1.5×1010 cm–3 was evaluated from the intensity ratios of the NIII] emission lines. No significant difference in these ratios and in the CIII]/NIII] ratio as well was found,during 1979, 1980 (eclipse) and 1981 suggesting no large Ne variation with both the activity phase and eclipse of the star. This result should imply a low density gradient in the partially eclipsed NIII] and CIII] regions. A more detailed analysis of the high resolution data is in course to better clearfy these points, and their implications on the possible models for CI Cyg.

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NEW VIEWS ON AN OLD LANDSCAPE: EMPLOYING AN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (UAS) FOR RAPID HIGH RESOLUTION DATA ACQUISITION TO AID GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

10.1130/abs/2017am-305704 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Phillip P. Allen ◽

◽

Matthew E. Ramspott

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Data Acquisition ◽

Unmanned Aircraft ◽

Unmanned Aircraft System ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

Aircraft System ◽

Resolution Data

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Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1723859 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nisha Patidar ◽

Nitya Vyas ◽

Shanoo Sharma ◽

Babita Sharma

Keyword(s):

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Nonparametric Test ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Chi Square ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Degree ◽

Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE. Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z-test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence. Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT (p < 0.05). Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.

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High-Resolution Traffic Sensing with Probe Autonomous Vehicles: A Data-Driven Approach

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 464

Author(s):

Wei Ma ◽

Sean Qian

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Penetration Rate ◽

Data Driven ◽

Traffic Information ◽

Flow Density ◽

Massive Data ◽

Market Penetration ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

Data Driven Approach

Recent decades have witnessed the breakthrough of autonomous vehicles (AVs), and the sensing capabilities of AVs have been dramatically improved. Various sensors installed on AVs will be collecting massive data and perceiving the surrounding traffic continuously. In fact, a fleet of AVs can serve as floating (or probe) sensors, which can be utilized to infer traffic information while cruising around the roadway networks. Unlike conventional traffic sensing methods relying on fixed location sensors or moving sensors that acquire only the information of their carrying vehicle, this paper leverages data from AVs carrying sensors for not only the information of the AVs, but also the characteristics of the surrounding traffic. A high-resolution data-driven traffic sensing framework is proposed, which estimates the fundamental traffic state characteristics, namely, flow, density and speed in high spatio-temporal resolutions and of each lane on a general road, and it is developed under different levels of AV perception capabilities and for any AV market penetration rate. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy even with a low AV market penetration rate. This study would help policymakers and private sectors (e.g., Waymo) to understand the values of massive data collected by AVs in traffic operation and management.

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The Role of Transthoracic Ultrasound in the Study of Interstitial Lung Diseases: High-Resolution Computed Tomography Versus Ultrasound Patterns: Our Preliminary Experience

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

Donato Lacedonia ◽

Giulia Scioscia ◽

Angelamaria Giardinelli ◽

Carla Maria Irene Quarato ◽

Ennio Vincenzo Sassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Pleural Line ◽

Complementary Role ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Transthoracic Ultrasound

Transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a readily available imaging tool that can provide a quick real-time evaluation. The aim of this preliminary study was to establish a complementary role for this imaging method in the approach of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). TUS examination was performed in 43 consecutive patients with pulmonary fibrosis and TUS findings were compared with the corresponding high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. All patients showed a thickened hyperechoic pleural line, despite no difference between dominant HRCT patterns (ground glass, honeycombing, mixed pattern) being recorded (p > 0.05). However, pleural lines’ thickening showed a significant difference between different HRCT degree of fibrosis (p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with functional parameters. The presence of >3 B-lines and subpleural nodules was also assessed in a large number of patients, although they did not demonstrate any particular association with a specific HRCT finding or fibrotic degree. Results allow us to suggest a complementary role for TUS in facilitating an early diagnosis of ILD or helping to detect a possible disease progression or eventual complications during routine clinical practice (with pleural line measurements and subpleural nodules), although HRCT remains the gold standard in the definition of ILD pattern, disease extent and follow-up.

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Comparison and Evaluation of Different Pit-Filling Methods for Generating High Resolution Canopy Height Model Using UAV Laser Scanning Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13122239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2239

Author(s):

Ying Quan ◽

Mingze Li ◽

Yuanshuo Hao ◽

Bin Wang

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Filter Method ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Point Interpolation ◽

Canopy Height Model ◽

Height Model

As a common form of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in forestry applications, the canopy height model (CHM) provides the elevation distribution of aboveground vegetation. A CHM is traditionally generated by interpolating all the first LiDAR echoes. However, the first echo cannot accurately represent the canopy surface, and the resulting large amount of noise (data pits) also reduce the CHM quality. Although previous studies concentrate on many pit-filling methods, the applicability of these methods in high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAVLS)-derived CHMs has not been revealed. This study selected eight widely used, recently developed, representative pit-filling methods, namely first-echo interpolation, smooth filtering (mean, medium and Gaussian), highest point interpolation, pit-free algorithm, spike-free algorithm and graph-based progressive morphological filtering (GPMF). A comprehensive evaluation framework was implemented, including a quantitative evaluation using simulation data and an additional application evaluation using UAVLS data. The results indicated that the spike-free algorithm and GPMF had excellent visual performances and were closest to the real canopy surface (root mean square error (RMSE) of simulated data were 0.1578 m and 0.1093 m, respectively; RMSE of UAVLS data were 0.3179 m and 0.4379 m, respectively). Compared with the first-echo method, the accuracies of the spike-free algorithm and GPMF improved by approximately 23% and 22%, respectively. The pit-free algorithm and highest point interpolation method also have advantages in high-resolution CHM generation. The global smooth filter method based on the first-echo CHM reduced the average canopy height by approximately 7.73%. Coniferous forests require more pit-filling than broad-leaved forests and mixed forests. Although the results of individual tree applications indicated that there was no significant difference between these methods except the median filter method, pit-filling is still of great significance for generating high-resolution CHMs. This study provides guidance for using high-resolution UAVLS in forestry applications.

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