scholarly journals Anaerobic Performance Testing of Professional Soccer Players 1995–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Haugen ◽  
Espen Tønnessen ◽  
Stephen Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
National Team ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Effect Magnitude

Purpose:To compare sprint and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance among competitive soccer players as a function of performance level, field position, and age. In addition, the authors wanted to quantify the evolution of these physical characteristics among professional players over a 15-y period.Methods:939 athletes (22.1 ± 4.3 y), including national-team players, tested 40-m sprint with electronic timing and CMJ on a force platform at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1995 and 2010.Results:National-team and 1st-division players were faster (P < .05) than 2nd-division (1.0–1.4%), 3rd- to 5th-division (3.0–3.8%), junior national-team (1.7–2.2%), and junior players (2.8–3.7%). Forwards were faster than defenders (1.4%), midfielders (2.5%), and goalkeepers (3.2%) over 0–20 m (P < .001). Midfielders jumped ~2.0 cm lower than the other playing positions (P < .05). Sprinting velocity peaked in the age range 20–28 y and declined significantly thereafter (P < .05). Players from 2006–2010 had 1–2% faster 0–20 m and peak velocity than players from the 1995–1999 and 2000–2005 epochs, whereas no differences in CMJ performance were observed.Conclusions:This study provides effect-magnitude estimates for the influence of performance level, position, and age on sprint and CMJ performance in soccer. While CMJ performance has remained stable over the time, there has been a small but positive development in sprinting velocity among professional players.

Speed and Countermovement-Jump Characteristics of Elite Female Soccer Players, 1995–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Haugen ◽  
Espen Tønnessen ◽  
Stephen Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
National Team ◽  
Large Velocity ◽  
Effect Magnitude

Purpose:The purpose of this investigation was to compare sprint and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance among female competitive soccer players as a function of performance level, field position, and age. In addition, the authors wanted to quantify the evolution of these physical characteristics among elite players over a 15-y period.Methods:194 female elite players (22± 4.1 y, 63 ± 5.6 kg), including an Olympic winning squad, tested 40-m sprint with electronic timing and CMJ on a force platform at the Norwegian Olympic training center from 1995 to 2010.Results:Moderate to large velocity differences across performance levels and positions were observed. National-team players were 2% faster than 1st-division players (P = .027, d = 0.5) and 5% faster than 2nd-division players (P < .001, d = 1.3) over 0–20 m. National-team players jumped 8–9% higher than 1st-division players (P = .001, d = 0.6) and junior elite players (P = .023, d = 0.5). Forwards were 3–4% faster than midfielders (P < .001, d = 0.8) and goalkeepers (P = .003, d = 0.9) over 0–20 m. No differences in velocity or CMJ height were observed among the age categories. Players from 2006–2010 were 2% faster (P < .05, d = 0.6) than players from 1995–1999 over 20 m, whereas no differences in 20- to 40-m velocity or CMJ performance were observed.Conclusions:This study provides effect-magnitude estimates for the influence of performance level, age, and player position on sprint and CMJ performance in female soccer players. While 20- to 40-m velocity and CMJ performance have remained stable over the time, there has been a moderate but positive development in 0- to 20-m velocity among elite performers.

scholarly journals Maximal Aerobic Power Characteristics of Male Professional Soccer Players, 1989–2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Tønnessen ◽  
Erlend Hem ◽  
Svein Leirstein ◽  
Thomas Haugen ◽  
Stephen Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Team ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Effect Magnitude

Purpose:The purpose of this investigation was to quantify maximal aerobic power (VO2max) in soccer as a function of performance level, position, age, and time of season. In addition, the authors examined the evolution of VO2max among professional players over a 23-y period.Methods:1545 male soccer players (22 ± 4 y, 76 ± 8 kg, 181 ± 6 cm) were tested for VO2max at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1989 and 2012.Results:No differences in VO2max were observed among national-team players, 1st- and 2nd-division players, and juniors. Midfielders had higher VO2max than defenders, forwards, and goalkeepers (P < .05). Players <18 y of age had ~3% higher VO2max than 23- to 26-y-old players (P = .016). The players had 1.6% and 2.1% lower VO2max during off-season than preseason (P = .046) and in season (P = .021), respectively. Relative to body mass, VO2max among the professional players in this study has not improved over time. Professional players tested during 2006–2012 actually had 3.2% lower VO2max than those tested from 2000 to 2006 (P = .001).Conclusions:This study provides effect-magnitude estimates for the influence of performance level, player position, age, and season time on VO2max in men’s elite soccer. The findings from a robust data set indicate that VO2max values ~62–64 mL · kg−1 · min−1 fulfill the demands for aerobic capacity in men’s professional soccer and that VO2max is not a clearly distinguishing variable separating players of different standards.

scholarly journals Changes in jump and sprint performances during 14 preseasons in a Spanish reserve elite soccer team

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Raúl Martínez-Santos ◽  
Filipe M. Clemente ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Jump Ability

The aim of this study was to assess the changes in jump and sprint performances after the preseason period across 14 seasons depending on the initial performance level and the playing position in young professional soccer players. In total, 162 soccer players (age = 20.6 ± 1.8 years) belonging to the same reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club participated in this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ) and 5 and 15 m sprints were assessed in each season at the start of the preseason (July), Test 1 (T1), and the start of the competitive period (September), Test 2 (T2), from the 1998 to 2013 seasons. Considering all seasons, a trivial change was found in the sprint (5 m, Effect Size [ES] = −0.01; ±0.11, most-likely; and 15 m, ES = 0.05; ±0.09, most-likely) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performances (ES = −0.03; ±0.07; most-likely) after the preseason, but this varied across the seasons. While the fastest players in 5 m and 15 m tests and the most powerful worsened their performances in sprinting capacity (ES = 0.53–0.65, small very-likely) and in jump ability (ES = −0.54; ±0.25, small very-likely), respectively, the slowest players and the less powerful improved their performance likely/most-likely (ES = −0.33 and −0.68, small and moderate) and very-likely (ES = 0.40; ±0.20, small) after the precompetitive period. The changes in CMJ and sprinting were trivial and trivial/small for all tactical positions. The changes in neuromuscular performance after the preseason were not stable across the seasons and varied depending on the initial performance level. Individualization strategies should be considered in the design of strength and conditioning programs in order to optimize the training process.

scholarly journals Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT): Comparison of Results with and without Neuromuscular Ankle Bandage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Zamorano ◽  
Jair Burboa ◽  
Diego Cuzmar ◽  
Jose Hun ◽  
Guillermo Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
National Team ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test

Study Design: Prospective study, simple crossover design. Background: Proprioception is a cornerstone for maintaining joint and postural stability. Dynamic stability is particularly emphasized within these components. This feature is important in the rehabilitation field. Therefore, the quest for elements to improve these values ​​can bring advantages in sports. Objectives: Evaluate if there are advantages in the performance of a Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) using Kinesio taping. Methods: We evaluated 10 professional soccer players from the Chilean women’s national team. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group had Kinesio taping and their SEBT performance was evaluated. The other group performed the measurements without the use of Kinesio Taping. Afterward, each group performed the evaluation they did not do during the first stage. We then compared the performance achieved with and without the use of Kinesio Taping Results: There were significant differences in the performance achieved by the players who had the SEBT bandage applied in comparison to the players that did no. This was confirmed by using the non-parametric Wilcox test for each of the SEBT positions. Conclusions: Kinesio taping has positive implications in the SEBT. We can extrapolate that its use can improve the dynamic balance and thus become an important pillar in sports rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Countermovement Jump Performance Recovery in Professional Soccer Players Using an Inertial Sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Malachy P. McHugh ◽  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Will Abbott ◽  
Susan Y. Kwiecien ◽  
Ian J. Kremenic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Performance Recovery

scholarly journals The Main and Interactive Effects of Biological Maturity and Relative Age on Physical Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
James Parr ◽  
Keith Winwood ◽  
Emma Hodson-Tole ◽  
Frederik J. A. Deconinck ◽  
James P. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Biological Maturity

The main and interactive effect of biological maturity and relative age upon physical performance in adolescent male soccer players was considered. Consistent with previous research, it was hypothesised that participants of greater maturity or born earlier in the selection year would perform better in terms of physical performance tests. This cross-sectional study consisted of 84 male participants aged between 11.3 and 16.2 years from a professional soccer academy in the English Premier League. Date of birth, height, weight, and parental height were collected. Sprint, change of direction, countermovement jump, and reactive strength index were considered for physical performance. Relative age was based on the birth quarter for the selection year. Maturity status was based upon the percentage of predicted adult height attained. Linear regression models highlighted that maturation was associated with performance on all but one of the physical performance tests, the reactive strength index. In contrast, relative age only served as a significant predictor of performance on the countermovement jump. This study indicated that physical performance (in the tests studied) seems to be related to the biological maturity status of a player but not their relative age. This finding is important because it suggests that early-maturing players perform better in the majority of physical performance tests, and the commonly held belief that relative age effect influences performance may be overstated.

scholarly journals Association Between Match Activity Variables, Measures of Fatigue and Neuromuscular Performance Capacity Following Elite Competitive Soccer Matches

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Varley ◽  
Ryan Lewin ◽  
Robert Needham ◽  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Ross Burbeary
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Activity Variables

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between match activity variables, subsequent fatigue and neuromuscular performance capacity in elite soccer players. Subjects (n = 10) were professional soccer players participating in the English Championships. Match activity variables and markers of fatigue status were measured before and following two matches. Creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness were measured at baseline, immediately following, as well as 40 and 64 h post-match. Countermovement jump performance and perceived ratings of wellness were measured at baseline, then 40 and 64 h post-match. Relationships were shown between CK and the total number of accelerations and decelerations immediately (r = 0.63; large), 40 h (r = 0.45; moderate) and 64 h post-match (r = 0.35; moderate) (p < 0.05). Relationships between CK and total sprint distance (r = 0.39; moderate) and the number of sprints (r = 0.35; moderate) 40 h post-match (p < 0.05) were observed. Furthermore, relationships were shown between the perceived rating of wellness and number of accelerations 40 (r = 0.52; large) and 64 h (r = 0.40; moderate) post-match, sprint distance 40 h post-match (r = 0.40; moderate) and the total number of sprints 40 h post-match (r = 0.51; large) (p < 0.05). The quantification of match activity variables, particularly the total number of accelerations and decelerations and the number of sprints, provides insights into the fatigue status in elite soccer players 40 and 64 h post-match.

Tart Cherry Juice: No Effect on Muscle Function Loss or Muscle Soreness in Professional Soccer Players After a Match

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Abbott ◽  
Callum Brashill ◽  
Adam Brett ◽  
Tom Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Cherry Juice ◽  
Baseline Values

Purpose: To investigate the effects of tart cherry juice (TCJ) on recovery from a soccer match in professional players. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 10 male professional soccer players from the reserve team of an English Premier League Club (age 19 [1] y, height 1.8 [0.6] m, body mass 77.3 [6.4] kg) consumed 2 × 30-mL servings of TCJ or an isocaloric cherry-flavored control drink (CON) before and after a 90-minute match and 12 and 36 hours after the match. Muscle function (countermovement jump height and reactive strength index), subjective well-being, and subjective muscle soreness were measured before and 12, 36, and 60 hours after each match. Results: Countermovement jump height was similarly reduced in the days after the match after TCJ and CON supplementation, with the greatest loss occurring at 12-hour postmatch (−5.9% [3.1%] vs −5.4% [2.9%], of baseline values, respectively; P = .966; ). Decrements in reactive strength index were also greatest at 12-hour postmatch (TCJ −9.4% [8.4%] vs CON −13.9% [4.8%], of baseline values), but no group differences were observed at any time point (P = .097; ). Muscle soreness increased 12- to 60-hour postmatch in both groups, peaking at 12-hour postmatch (TCJ 122 [27] mm vs CON 119 [22] mm), but no group differences were observed (P = .808; ). No interaction effects were observed for subjective well-being (P = .874; ). Conclusions: TCJ did not hasten recovery after a soccer match in professional players. These findings bring into question the use of TCJ as a recovery aid in professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Previous injury is associated with heightened countermovement jump force‐time asymmetries in professional soccer players

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Hart ◽  
Daniel D Cohen ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
Matt Springham ◽  
James Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Previous Injury ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Force Time

scholarly journals Maturity Has a Greater Association than Relative Age with Physical Performance in English Male Academy Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
John M. Radnor ◽  
Jacob Staines ◽  
James Bevan ◽  
Sean P. Cumming ◽  
Adam L. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Professional Soccer

This study aimed to: (1) examine differences in physical performance across birth-quartiles and maturity-status, and (2) determine the relationships among relative age, maturation and physical performance in young male soccer players. The sample included 199 males aged between 8.1 and 18.9 years, from two professional soccer academies in the English Football League. Data were collected for height, weight, self-reported biological parent heights, 30 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Relative age was conveyed as a decimal, while maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height (PAH). There were no significant differences in any measure between birth quartiles, however early maturers outperformed on-time and later maturers in most performance measures. Pearson-product-moment correlations revealed that maturation was inversely associated with 30 m sprint time in U12 to U16 (r = −0.370–0.738; p < 0.05), but only positively associated with CMJ performance in U12 (r = 0.497; p < 0.05). In contrast, relative age was unrelated to sprint performance and only significantly associated with superior CMJ performance in U16. This study indicates that maturity has a greater association with sprint performance than relative age in English male academy soccer players. Practitioners should monitor and assess biological maturation in young soccer players to attempt to control for the influence on physical performance, and avoid biasing selection on absolute performance rather than identifying the most talented player.

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