Exploring Unique Applications of Kinetic Analyses to Movement in Older Adults

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Wolf ◽  
Robert J. Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Postural Responses

During the past decade, considerable effort has been directed toward evaluating kinetic responses among older individuals particularly with the intent of better understanding events predictive of or leading to falling behavior. Within this context, neither provision of visual feedback of kinetic responses to angular perturbations to shape postural responses nor the assessment of postural responses to anticipated or unexpected movements following unique exercise interventions, including Tai Chi, has been explored. Generally, the magnitude of vertical loading responses does not appear amenable to conditioning, but an analysis of kinetic changes observed during movements holds more potential as a correlate to the delayed onset of falls among older Tai Chi practitioners.

scholarly journals Using Inclusive Design to Develop a Tele–Tai Chi Intervention for Older Adults With Long-Term Mobility Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 599-600
Author(s):  
Tracy Mitzner ◽  
Elena Remillard ◽  
Kara Cohen ◽  
Jordan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Software Developer ◽  
Master Trainer ◽  
Evidence Based Programs ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Tele-technologies may be able to increase access to evidence-based exercise interventions for adults aging with long-term mobility disabilities. This population experiences substantial barriers in attending such programs in person, including lack of transportation to classes, inaccessible buildings where classes are held, and lack of appropriate modifications offered for this population of older adults. It is critical to overcome such barriers to ensure this population has an opportunity to receive the benefits of evidence-based programs. In this study we are translating an in-person evidence-based tai chi intervention, Tai Chi for Arthritis, to an online platform using videoconferencing software for those aging with long-term mobility disabilities. We will describe our approach of including users from the target population and industry representatives (videoconferencing software developer, Tai Chi for Arthritis program developer as well as local master trainer) in the adaptation of the intervention and present the key findings from doing so.

Towards Acceptance Engineering in ICT for Older Adults

i-com ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kötteritzsch ◽  
Kathrin Gerling ◽  
Martin Stein
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Available Information

AbstractResearch on technology acceptance presents different theories and models to predict the intention to use and actual usage of a system. However, even when applying these concepts to the design of novel technology, there is still a lack of acceptance among many older individuals. In the past years, we gathered experience in developing and evaluating technology for older adults. Throughout multiple engineering cycles, we repeatedly encountered issues impacting user acceptance. Based on our research, we argue that low acceptance can be ascribed to all phases of the engineering process, and thus, should be systematically applied to technology engineering. By considering research on technology acceptance among older adults, and presenting our own experiences in how older adults accept ICT, we introduce 12 lessons learned when designing ICT for older adults (understanding acceptance, evaluating the importance of user acceptance, pursuing the own goals, consulting with the user, considering all available information, connecting potential benefits, balancing different views, considering mediating factors, making use of emerging artifacts, being sensitive to one’s own actions, avoiding misunderstanding, and communicating clearly). We conclude with a proposition on how to implement these lessons into acceptance engineering throughout the engineering lifecycle.

scholarly journals Exercise for falls prevention in community-dwelling older adults: trial and participant characteristics, interventions and bias in clinical trials from a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A C M Ng ◽  
Nicola Fairhall ◽  
Geraldine Wallbank ◽  
Anne Tiedemann ◽  
Zoe A Michaleff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

IntroductionThere is strong evidence that exercise prevents falls in community-dwelling older people. This review summarises trial and participant characteristics, intervention contents and study quality of 108 randomised trials evaluating exercise interventions for falls prevention in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and three other databases sourced randomised controlled trials of exercise as a single intervention to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 60+ years to May 2018.Results108 trials with 146 intervention arms and 23 407 participants were included. Trials were undertaken in 25 countries, 90% of trials had predominantly female participants and 56% had elevated falls risk as an inclusion criterion. In 72% of trial interventions attendance rates exceeded 50% and/or 75% of participants attended 50% or more sessions. Characteristics of the trials within the three types of intervention programme that reduced falls were: (1) balance and functional training interventions lasting on average 25 weeks (IQR 16–52), 39% group based, 63% individually tailored; (2) Tai Chi interventions lasting on average 20 weeks (IQR 15–43), 71% group based, 7% tailored; (3) programmes with multiple types of exercise lasting on average 26 weeks (IQR 12–52), 54% group based, 75% tailored. Only 35% of trials had low risk of bias for allocation concealment, and 53% for attrition bias.ConclusionsThe characteristics of effective exercise interventions can guide clinicians and programme providers in developing optimal interventions based on current best evidence. Future trials should minimise likely sources of bias and comply with reporting guidelines.

scholarly journals Self-rated health trajectory and frailty among community-dwelling older adults: evidence from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049795
Author(s):  
Wei-Min Chu ◽  
Hsin-En Ho ◽  
Chih-Jung Yeh ◽  
Yu-Han Hsiao ◽  
Pi-Shan Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesSelf-rated health (SRH) is an assessment and predictor of health based on an individual’s general condition; however, evidence of the value of SRH for predicting frailty remains scarce for older Asian adults. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between SRH score trajectory and frailty among older individuals in Taiwan.DesignAn 8-year retrospective cohort study.SettingData were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging from 1999 to 2007.ParticipantsRespondents aged 53–69 years old who were not frail or disabled in 1999 (n=1956).Primary and secondary outcome measuresFrailty was defined using the Fried criteria. The group-based trajectory modelling technique was used to estimate SRH trajectories. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between changes in SRH and frailty.ResultsFour SRH trajectory classes were identified across the 8-year follow-up: 232 participants (11.9%) were classified into the constantly poor SRH group, 1123 (57.4%) into the constantly fair SRH group, 335 (17.1%) into the constantly good SRH group and 266 (13.6%) into the good-to-fair SRH group. After adjusting for gender, age, level of education, income, social participation, health behaviours and major comorbidities, it was found that age, poor income satisfaction, without job and constantly poor SRH were associated with increased risk of frailty, while constantly good SRH (OR 0.04, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.32)) and good-to-fair SRH (OR 0.19, 95% CI (0.06 to 0.63)) were associated with reduced risks of frailty.ConclusionsConstantly poor SRH was associated with an increased risk of frailty in older age. SRH in older adults should be recognised as a predictive tool for future frailty. Diet and exercise interventions may help to prevent frailty among high-risk older individuals with constantly low SRH.

scholarly journals A Social Ecological Model of Vulnerability and Resilience in Older Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Carolyn Aldwin ◽  
Heidi Igarashi ◽  
Maria Kurth ◽  
Hye Soo Lee ◽  
Soyoung Choun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objectives We used a social ecological model to examine vulnerability and resilience among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We analyzed two open-ended questions included in a survey of 235 respondents, 51–95 years old (M = 71.35; SD = 7.39; 74% female), which asked about COVID-19-related difficulties and positive experiences during the past week. We identified three different levels for difficulties and positives at the personal, interpersonal, and/or societal levels. Results Fewer than half of the respondents reported on difficulties (41%) and positives (40%) just at the personal level. In terms of crossing levels, people were most likely to report events spanning the personal and interpersonal levels (14% and 18%, respectively). A few individuals reported difficulties and positives at the societal level. Discussion Older individuals were acutely aware of challenges and positives existing at all three levels, and contributed to resources at the interpersonal and community levels.

Exercise and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Systematic Meta-Analytic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen T. Rhyner ◽  
Amber Watts
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Analytic Review

Depressive symptoms are common in older adults, but antidepressant medications may be contraindicated or poorly tolerated in this population. Intervention studies demonstrate that exercise may be an effective alternative. This meta-analysis included 41 randomized controlled trials of aerobic and nonaerobic exercise interventions investigating the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adults aged 60 or older. A random effects model demonstrated that exercise was associated with significantly lower depression severity (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.78). This effect was not significantly different for different ages of participants, types of control groups, or types of exercise interventions. Studies requiring a diagnosis of depression had significantly greater mean effect sizes than studies that did not require a depression diagnosis (Qbet = 6.843, df = 1, p = .009). These findings suggest that exercise is an effective treatment option for older individuals with depressive symptoms.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Home-Based Exercise Snacking and Tai Chi Snacking Delivered Remotely to Self-Isolating Older Adults During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ian Ju Liang ◽  
Oliver J. Perkin ◽  
Polly M. McGuigan ◽  
Dylan Thompson ◽  
Max J. Western
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Home Based

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of remotely delivered, home-based exercise programs on physical function and well-being in self-isolating older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a four-arm randomized controlled trial, 63 participants (aged 65 years and older) were allocated to one of three home-based daily (2 × 10-min) exercise interventions (exercise snacking, tai chi snacking, and combination) or control (UK National Health Service Web pages). Functional assessments were conducted via video call at baseline and 4-week follow-up. A web-based survey assessed the acceptability of each exercise program and secondary psychological/well-being outcomes. Ecological momentary assessment data, collected in Weeks 1 and 4, explored feeling states as antecedents and consequences of exercise. All intervention groups saw increased physical function at follow-up and displayed good adherence with exercise snacking considered the most acceptable program. Multilevel models revealed reciprocal associations between feelings of energy and exercise engagement. Further studies are needed with larger, more diverse demographic samples.

scholarly journals Tai Chi for the Prevention of Falls Among Older Adults: A Critical Analysis of the Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Despite interest as to the benefits of Tai Chi, there remains a controversy over its effectiveness as an exercise intervention for preventing falls among older adults. This review synthesizes the evidence base with a focus on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials with community-dwelling older adults. It provides a critical lens on the evidence and quality of the trials. High-quality evidence suggests that Tai Chi is an effective intervention for preventing falls in community settings; however, there is unclear evidence for long-term care facilities and an absence of evidence for hospital settings. When compared directly with other exercise interventions, Tai Chi may offer a superior strategy for reducing falls through its benefits on cognitive functioning. Using data from the current Cochrane review, a new synthesis is presented suggesting that 71–81% of community-dwelling older adults are adherent to class-based Tai Chi interventions. The practical opportunities and challenges for practitioners are discussed.

A first step toward integrating schema theory in geriatric psychiatry: a Delphi study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. H. Legra ◽  
F. R. J. Verhey ◽  
S. P. J. van Alphen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Full Consensus

ABSTRACTBackground:Schematherapy (ST) is an effective therapy for personality disorders (PD's) in adults, however, empirical research into ST in older adults is limited. The manifestation of schemas over the life course is unclear. Besides, long-term patterns of schemas in old age and whether schemas change during the aging process remain unknown.Methods:We performed a Delphi study involving a group meeting of nine experts in the field of ST in older adults.Results:Full consensus was achieved that schemas vary later in life, and that this is due to biopsychosocial factors. The concepts of schema triggering (the chance that a maladaptive schema is activated) and schema coping (the psychological and behavioral effort a person makes to minimize the stress that comes with the schema) in the past are important in clinical practice. Understanding how schemas are triggered during the life course and how patients deal with their schemas throughout life will help the therapist to complete the diagnostic puzzle in older individuals and to choose appropriate interventions.Conclusion:Schemas are flexible and dynamic constructs that can fade or intensify due to multiple factors. This study is a first step toward advancing the state of knowledge regarding schema theory in an aging population. The results will contribute to improvements in ST in older adults by developing an understanding of the plasticity of schemas during the life course.

scholarly journals Do Aging and Tactile Noise Stimulation Affect Responses to Support Surface Translations in Healthy Adults?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Dettmer ◽  
Amir Pourmoghaddam ◽  
Beom-Chan Lee ◽  
Charles S. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Postural Response ◽  
Postural Perturbation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Postural Responses

Appropriate neuromuscular responses to support surface perturbations are crucial to prevent falls, but aging-related anatomical and physiological changes affect the appropriateness and efficiency of such responses. Low-level noise application to sensory receptors has shown to be effective for postural improvement in a variety of different balance tasks, but it is unknown whether this intervention may have value for improvement of corrective postural responses. Ten healthy younger and ten healthy older adults were exposed to sudden backward translations of the support surface. Low-level noise (mechanical vibration) to the foot soles was added during random trials and temporal (response latency) and spatial characteristics (maximum center-of-pressure excursion and anterior-posterior path length) of postural responses were assessed. Mixed-model ANOVA was applied for analysis of postural response differences based on age and vibration condition. Age affected postural response characteristics, but older adults were well able to maintain balance when exposed to a postural perturbation. Low-level noise application did not affect any postural outcomes. Healthy aging affects some specific measures of postural stability, and in high-functioning older individuals, a low-level noise intervention may not be valuable. More research is needed to investigate if recurring fallers and neuropathy patients could benefit from the intervention in postural perturbation tasks.

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