Effects of Neuromuscular Strength Training on Vertical Jumping Performance— A Computer Simulation Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Nagano ◽  
Karin G.M. Gerritsen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Isometric Muscle ◽  
Isometric Muscle Force

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to systematically investigate the effect of altering specific neuromuscular parameters on maximum vertical jump height, and (b) to systematically investigate the effect of strengthening specific muscle groups on maximum vertical jump height. A two-dimensional musculoskeletal model which consisted of four rigid segments, three joints, and six Hill-type muscle models, representing the six major muscles and muscle groups in the lower extremity that contribute to jumping performance, was trained systematically. Maximum isometric muscle force, maximum muscle shortening velocity, and maximum muscle activation, which were manipulated to simulate the effects of strength training, all had substantial effects on jumping performance. Part of the increase in jumping performance could be explained solely by the interaction between the three neuromuscular parameters. It appeared that the most effective way to improve jumping performance was to train the knee extensors among all lower extremity muscles. For the model to fully benefit from any training effects of the neuromuscular system, it was necessary to continue to reoptimize the muscle coordination, in particular after the strength training sessions that focused on increasing maximum isometric muscle force.

scholarly journals Explosive isometric muscle force of different muscle groups of cadet judo athletes in function of gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Marković ◽  
Milivoj Dopsaj ◽  
Stevan Jovanović ◽  
Tijana Rusovac ◽  
Nataša Cvetkovski
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Isometric Muscle ◽  
Isometric Muscle Force

scholarly journals The Effects of Successive Soccer Matches on the Internal Match Load, Stress Tolerance, Salivary Cortisol and Jumping Performance in Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Barbosa de Lima Pinto ◽  
Romerito Sóstenes Canuto de Oliveira ◽  
Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho ◽  
Raissa Nóbrega de Almeida ◽  
Alexandre Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height

Abstract The study aim was to analyze the effects of successive matches on the internal match load, stress tolerance, salivary cortisol concentration and countermovement vertical jump height in twelve youth soccer players (16.6 ± 0.5 yr; 175 ± 8 cm; 65 ± 8 kg) who performed four official matches within a four day-period with a 24-h recovery interval between the matches. The internal match load, monotony index and competitive strain, as well as stress tolerance were examined. Saliva samples were collected and countermovement vertical jump height was assessed 60 min pre and 30 min post each match; delta of salivary cortisol and countermovement vertical jump height for each match were analyzed. Salivary cortisol was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of ANOVA with repeated measures showed no differences between matches for the internal match load (p > 0.05). The scores of the monotony index and competitive strain were 4.3 (±2.3) and 8104 (±6795) arbitrary units, respectively. There was no difference for stress tolerance between matches (p > 0.05). Delta values of salivary cortisol were not different among the assessed matches (F(3,33) = 1.397, p = 0.351, η2: 0.09); however, delta of countermovement vertical jump height decreased from match 1 to match 4 (F(3,33) = 8.64, p < 0.001, η2: 0.44). The current findings suggest that participating in four successive matches, with 24-h of recovery in between, may not lead to changes in stress tolerance and salivary cortisol of youth players, but it may induce a decrease in players’ jumping performance after the fourth match.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISOMETRIC MUSCLE FORCE OF DIFFERENT MUSCLE GROUPS IN CADET JUDO ATHLETES: A GENDER-BASED MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Marković ◽  
Milivoj Dopsaj ◽  
Vladimir Koprivica ◽  
Goran Kasum
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Isometric Muscle ◽  
Isometric Muscle Force ◽  
Contractile Characteristics

The aim of this paper is to define the initial quantitative and qualitative multidimensional model for evaluating basic contractile characteristics of isometric muscle force in systematically trained and selected cadet judo athletes. In this research absolute values of the obtained results, and values derived by relativization of absolute values in relation to skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were considered. The basic method used in this research was laboratory testing. All data sampling was performed by the dynamometry method, using tensiometric probes. The research sample in this study consisted of 21 cadet judo athletes, of which 14 were male and 7 were female. All measurements were performed using standardized testing procedures on the following muscle groups: flexor muscles of the left (HGL) and the right hand (HGR), back (DL) and leg extensor muscles (LE) and ankle joint plantar flexor muscles (PF). Based on the obtained results, separate multidimensional mathematical models for the estimation of contractile potential and development level were defined for both basic characteristics of isometric muscle force: maximal isometric muscle force (Fmax) and maximal explosive isometric muscle force (RFDmax). A qualitative assessment of contractile potential for each of the tested muscle groups, i.e. variables, was enabled by defining standard values for 7 distinct preparedness levels for both basic isometric muscle force contractile characteristics of male and female cadet judo athletes.

scholarly journals Strength and vertical jump performance changes in elite male volleyball players during the season (Cambios en el rendimiento en fuerza y salto vertical en jugadores de élite masculinos de voleibol durante la temporada)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Miguel Sánchez Moreno ◽  
Carlos García Asencio ◽  
Juan José González Badillo ◽  
David Díaz Cueli
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Volleyball Players

Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the effect of strength training on physical performance in elite male volleyball players during the competitive season. Athletes were assessed at the start of season (SS), midpoint of the competitive season (MS), and at the end of the season (ES). Significant increases were observed in vertical jump height (CMJ), jump squat height (JS) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) from SS to ES (P < 0.05). Likely beneficial increases were observed on CMJ from SS to MS, on JS from SS to MS and from MS to ES. In addition, likely beneficial effect was found on MPV from MS to ES. Over the full season (SS to ES), very likely beneficial effect was observed on CMJ, MPV and JS. In conclusion, increase in strength of lower limb and vertical jump can be achieved in professional volleyball players over a full playing season. Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el rendimiento en la fuerza del miembro inferior y la capacidad de salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol masculinos durante la temporada de competición. Los atletas fueron evaluados al inicio (SS), a la mitad (MS) y al final de la temporada (ES). Se observaron aumentos significativos en la altura del salto vertical (CMJ), del salto con cargas (JS) y en la velocidad media propulsiva (MPV) alcanzada con las cargas comunes en el ejercicio de sentadillas entre SS y ES (P < 0.05). El análisis basado en la magnitud del cambio reveló un aumento probable en CMJ de SS a MS, y en JS de SS a MS y de MS a ES. Además, un incremento probable se encontró en MPV de MS a ES. Durante la temporada completa (SS a ES), se observó un aumento muy probable en CMJ, en MPV y JS. En conclusión, se puede lograr un aumento en la fuerza de la extremidad inferior y el salto vertical en jugadores profesionales de voleibol durante una temporada de juego completa.

Ankle Bracing Decreases Vertical Jump Height and Alters Lower Extremity Kinematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Tina Claiborne ◽  
Victor Liberi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion ◽  
Ankle Bracing

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ankle bracing on vertical jump performance and lower extremity kinematics and electromyography (EMG) activity. Twenty healthy college athletes participated in two sessions, separated by a minimum of 24 hr. They performed five jumps with no brace on the first day, and five jumps with both ankles braced on the second day. An average of the three highest jumps each day was used for analysis. Braced vertical jump performance significantly decreased (p = .002) as compared with the unbraced condition. In addition, hip flexion (p = .043) and ankle plantar flexion (p = .001) angles were significantly smaller during the braced vertical jump. There was also a significant reduction in soleus muscle EMG (p = .002) during the braced condition.

Lower Extremity Strength and Coordination Are Independent Contributors to Maximum Vertical Jump Height

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Tomioka ◽  
Tammy M. Owings ◽  
Mark D. Grabiner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength

We previously reported that lower extremity muscular strength of older adults did not predict success of a balance recovery task. We propose that lower extremity coordination may limit performance independently of lower extremity strength. The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which knee extension strength and hip–knee coordination independently contribute to maximum vertical jump height. Maximum vertical jump height and isometric and isokinetic knee extension strength and power were determined in 13 young adults. Hip–knee coordination during the vertical jump was quantified using relative phase angles. Stepwise nonlinear multiple regression determined the variable set that best modeled the relationship between the dependent variable, maximum vertical jump height, and the independent variables of strength, power, and coordination. The quadratic terms of the normalized knee extension strength at 60 deg·s–1, and the average relative phase during the propulsion phase of the vertical jump, collectively accounted for more than 80% of the shared variance (p= .001). The standardized regression coefficients of the two terms, .59 and .52, respectively (p= .004 and .008), indicated the independence and significance of the contributions of knee extension strength and hip–knee coordination to maximum vertical jump height. Despite the pitfalls of extrapolating these results to older adults performing a balance recovery task, the results are interpreted as supporting the contention that while muscle strength confers a number of functional benefits, the ability to avoid falling as a result of a trip is not necessarily ensured. Increased muscle strength per se can occur in the absence of improved kinematic coordination.

Compensatory Mechanisms in Basketball Players with Jumper’s Knee

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Siegmund ◽  
Kellie C. Huxel ◽  
C. Buz Swanik
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jumper’S Knee ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Type Design

Context:Determining whether there are compensations in those with jumper’s knee (JK) might further our understanding of the condition.Objective:Comparing lower extremity kinematics and jump performance of basketball athletes with JK with those of healthy controls (C).Design:Repeated-measures control-match design.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:24 male basketball players (12 JK, 12 C) matched by height, weight, position, experience, and frequency of play.Interventions:Standing countermovement and running layup jumps.Main Outcome Measures:Maximum vertical-jump height, footfall landing, and lower extremity sagittal-plane kinematics.Results:There were no significant group differences (P > .05) in vertical-jump height (JK = 64.3 ± 8.6 cm, C = 63.0 ± 9.8 cm) or layup height (JK = 71.3 ± 11.6 cm, C = 73.3 ± 11.0 cm). JK subjects landed flat footed (50%) more than controls (8%). JK subjects showed significantly more hip flexion (JK = 105° ± 24.8°, C = 89.8° ± 14.1°; P = .039) with decreased hip acceleration during the countermovement (JK = −3039 ± 1392°/s2, C = −4229 ± 1765°/s2; P = .040). When landing from the countermovement jump, JK subjects had significantly less knee acceleration (JK = −4960 ± 1512°/s2, C = −6736 ± 2009°/s2; P = 023) and in the layup showed significantly less ankle dorsiflexion (JK = 106.5° ± 9.0°, C = 112.5° ± 7.7°; P = .048) and hip acceleration (JK = − 2841 ± 1094°/s2, C = −3912 ± 1575°/s2; P = .033).Conclusion:Compensatory strategies observed in JK subjects might help maintain performance, because their jump height was similar to that of healthy controls.

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