The Effects of a Lateral Wedge Insole on Knee and Ankle Joints During Slope Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Uto ◽  
Tetsuo Maeda ◽  
Ryoji Kiyama ◽  
Masayuki Kawada ◽  
Ken Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Ankle Valgus ◽  
The Moment

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a lateral wedge insole reduces the external knee adduction moment during slope walking. Twenty young, healthy subjects participated in this study. Subjects walked up and down a slope using 2 different insoles: a control flat insole and a 7° lateral wedge insole. A three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plate were used to examine the knee adduction moment, the ankle valgus moment, and the moment arm of the ground reaction force to the knee joint center in the frontal plane. The lateral wedge insole significantly decreased the moment arm of the ground reaction force, resulting in a reduction of the knee adduction moment during slope walking, similar to level walking. The reduction ratio of knee adduction moment by the lateral wedge insole during the early stance of up-slope walking was larger than that of level walking. Conversely, the lateral wedge insole increased the ankle valgus moment during slope walking, especially during the early stance phase of up-slope walking. Clinicians should examine the utilization of a lateral wedge insole for knee osteoarthritis patients who perform inclined walking during daily activity, in consideration of the load on the ankle joint.

Effect of Foot Progression Angle and Lateral Wedge Insole on a Reduction in Knee Adduction Moment

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Tokunaga ◽  
Yuki Nakai ◽  
Ryo Matsumoto ◽  
Ryoji Kiyama ◽  
Masayuki Kawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Foot Progression Angle ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Joint Center

This study evaluated the effect of foot progression angle on the reduction in knee adduction moment caused by a lateral wedged insole during walking. Twenty healthy, young volunteers walked 10 m at their comfortable velocity wearing a lateral wedged insole or control flat insole in 3 foot progression angle conditions: natural, toe-out, and toe-in. A 3-dimensional rigid link model was used to calculate the external knee adduction moment, the moment arm of ground reaction force to knee joint center, and the reduction ratio of knee adduction moment and moment arm. The result indicated that the toe-out condition and lateral wedged insole decreased the knee adduction moment in the whole stance phase. The reduction ratio of the knee adduction moment and the moment arm exhibited a close relationship. Lateral wedged insoles decreased the knee adduction moment in various foot progression angle conditions due to decrease of the moment arm of the ground reaction force. Moreover, the knee adduction moment during the toe-out gait with lateral wedged insole was the smallest due to the synergistic effect of the lateral wedged insole and foot progression angle. Lateral wedged insoles may be a valid intervention for patients with knee osteoarthritis regardless of the foot progression angle.

scholarly journals Biomechanical asymmetries persist after ACL reconstruction: results of a 2-year study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sharafoddin-Shirazi ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Jennifer Hogg ◽  
Vahid Saatchian
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Flexion Moment

Abstract Purpose This study was aimed to examine longitudinal (6, 12, 18, 24 months) asymmetries in double-leg landing kinetics and kinematics of subjects with and without unilateral ACLR. Methods Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic parameters of 40 participants (n = 20 post-ACLR, n = 20 healthy) were collected with a motion analysis system and force plate during a drop-landing task, and asymmetry indices were compared between groups. Results The asymmetry index (AI) in the ACLR group compared to the healthy group decreased from six to 24 months for vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) from 100% to 6.5% and for anterior posterior ground reaction force (a-pGRF) from 155.5% to 7%. Also, the AI decreased for peak hip flexion moment from 74.5% to 17.1%, peak knee flexion moment from 79.0% to 5.8% and peak ankle dorsiflexion moment from 59.3% to 5.9%. As a further matter, the AI decreased for peak hip abduction moment from 67.8% to 5.1%, peak knee adduction moment from 55.7% to 14.8% and peak knee valgus angle from 48.7% to 23.5%. Conclusions Results obtained from this longitudinal study showed that ACLR patients still suffer from limb asymmetries during landing tasks, which appear to normalize by 24-monthspost-surgery. This finding can help us to better understand biomechanics of the limbs after ACLR, and design more efficient post-surgery rehabilitation programs. Level of evidence Level III.

LOWER EXTREMITIES BIOMECHANICS OF REGULAR STAIR CLIMBING: SLIM VERSUS OBESE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550036
Author(s):  
Sami Almashaqbeh ◽  
Bahaa Al-Sheikh ◽  
Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas ◽  
Noor Azuan Abu Osman
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Analysis System

The kinematic and kinetic differences between obese and slim people when climbing a staircase at their self-selected speed are compared. A four-step wooden stair instrumented with two force plates were used as the action platform whilst the kinematic and kinetic recordings were collected and analyzed using a six-camera and two-force plate three-dimensional motion analysis system. Ten obese adults, six males and four females, and ten lean adults, six males and four females, volunteered for the study. The results showed that the obese people are able to reduce the knee joint flexion moment when climbing stair compared to the normal slim people. In the frontal plane, no significant differences were found in the knee adduction moment. Moreover, obese individuals have identified some kinematics adaptations including slower velocity and longer stance phase, compared to slim individuals. The obese individuals might adjust their gait characteristics in response to their heavy bodies to reduce or maintain the same load on the knee joint as slim individuals.

Rationale for a Modified Crutch Use Methodology for Individuals With Weak or Paralyzed Hip Abductor Muscles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Borrelli ◽  
Henry W. Haslach
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
Gait Kinematics ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Pathological Gait ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Traditional Manner

Individuals with weak or paralyzed hip abductors may make use of two methods to reduce pathological gait kinematics as a result of their disability; reducing the need for the hip abductors or developing an equivalent torque on the body. Compensatory motions such as torso tilting or hip hiking “balance” the body reducing the need for the torque that would be developed by the hip abductors. A contralateral crutch develops a body torque that is equivalent to that developed by the hip abductors. Individuals with weak or paralyzed hip abductors intuitively adopt a wide crutch stance, contrary to the prescribed method where the crutches are vertical in the frontal plane. Using a wide stance angle in the frontal plane is hypothesized to improve gait with weak or paralyzed hip abductors more so than when using crutches in the traditional manner. Crutches develop a torque on the body that is equivalent to what would be developed by the hip abductors while standing still. A wide stance angle increases the moment arm that the crutch force acts through while standing still, increasing the torque developed, potentially increasing the positive effect of the crutch which may reduce the need for compensatory motions. However, a similar effect has not been characterized during gait. The hypothesis is that a wide crutch stance angle improves a gait with paralyzed hip abductors more so than a crutch used vertically in the frontal plane. The assumption is that this is accomplished by decreasing energy expenditure and/or reducing the need for compensatory motions more so than a crutch used vertically in the frontal plane. A three-dimensional dynamic model is used to test the hypothesis. The model predicts that excessive pelvis depression and decreased pelvic rotation result when the hip abductors are paralyzed. Compensatory motions, hip hiking and torso tilting, and crutch use are shown to decrease the prevalence of pathological kinematics. Crutch use with a wide stance angle improves gait kinematics more than a vertical crutch with the same body weight supported on it. This study provides evidence that the need for compensatory motions and the prevalence of pathological gait kinematics may be reduced when using a wide crutch stance angle compared to a vertical crutch stance angle.

The Influence of Heel Lift Manipulation on Achilles Tendon Loading in Running

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon J. Dixon ◽  
David G. Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tendon Force ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Heel Lift

In this study, a modeling method was developed to estimate Achilles tendon forces in running. Owing to the common use of heel lift devices in the treatment of Achilles tendon injury, we investigated the influence of increased heel lift on Achilles tendon loading. The hypothesis was that heel lift manipulation can influence maximum Achilles tendon force. Responses to heel lift variation were found to differ among 3 elite runners demonstrating distinct running styles. A rearfoot and a midfoot striker demonstrated significant increases in maximum Achilles tendon force with increased heel lift, whereas a forefoot striker demonstrated no changes in maximum Achilles tendon force values with heel lift manipulation (p < .05). Analysis of the factors contributing to the observed changes in maximum Achilles tendon force highlighted the influence of the moment arm of ground reaction force and the moment arm of the Achilles tendon about the ankle joint center. The finding that increased heel lift may increase maximum Achilles tendon force suggests that caution is advised in the routine use of this intervention. The different responses to heel lift increase between subjects highlight the importance of classifying subjects based on running style.

scholarly journals Gait Disorders In Patients After Polytrauma

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ruta Jakušonoka ◽  
Zane Pavāre ◽  
Andris Jumtiņš ◽  
Aleksejs Smolovs ◽  
Tatjana Anaņjeva
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Polytrauma Patients

Abstract Evaluation of the gait of patients after polytrauma is important, as it indicates the ability of patients to the previous activities and work. The aim of our study was to evaluate the gait of patients with lower limb injuries in the medium-term after polytrauma. Three-dimensional instrumental gait analysis was performed in 26 polytrauma patients (16 women and 10 men; mean age 38.6 years), 14 to 41 months after the trauma. Spatio-temporal parameters, motions in pelvis and lower extremities joints in sagittal plane and vertical load ground reaction force were analysed. Gait parameters in polytrauma patients were compared with a healthy control group. Polytrauma patients in the injured side had decreased step length, cadence, hip extension, maximum knee flexion, vertical load ground reaction force, and increased stance time and pelvic anterior tilt; in the uninjured side they had decreased step length, cadence, maximum knee flexion, vertical load ground reaction force and increased stance time (p < 0.05). The use of the three-dimensional instrumental gait analysis in the evaluation of polytrauma patients with lower limb injuries consequences makes it possible to identify the gait disorders not only in the injured, but also in the uninjured side.

scholarly journals Associations between hoof shape and the position of the frontal plane ground reaction force vector in walking horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Colborne ◽  
JE Routh ◽  
KR Weir ◽  
JE McKendry ◽  
E Busschers
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Force Vector

Ground reaction force and hoof deceleration patterns on two different surfaces at the trot

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Gustås ◽  
Christopher Johnston ◽  
Stig Drevemo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Data

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to compare the hoof deceleration and ground reaction forces following impact on two different surfaces. Seven unshod Standardbreds were trotted by hand at 3.0–5.7 m s− 1 over a force plate covered by either of the two surfaces, sandpaper or a 1 cm layer of sand. Impact deceleration data were recorded from one triaxial accelerometer mounted on the fore- and hind hooves, respectively. Ground reaction force data were obtained synchronously from a force plate, sampled at 4.8 kHz. The differences between the two surfaces were studied by analysing representative deceleration and force variables for individual horses. The maximum horizontal peak deceleration and the loading rates of the vertical and the horizontal forces were significantly higher on sandpaper compared with the sand surface (P < 0.001). In addition, the initial vertical deceleration was significantly higher on sandpaper in the forelimb (P < 0.001). In conclusion, it was shown that the different qualities of the ground surface result in differences in the hoof-braking pattern, which may be of great importance for the strength of the distal horse limb also at slow speeds.

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