Effectiveness of a Community-Based Exercise Program on Balance Performance and Fear of Falling in Older Nonfallers at Risk for Falling: A Randomized, Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhao ◽  
Pak-Kwong Chung ◽  
Tomas K. Tong
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the community-based Exercise for Balance Improvement Program (ExBP) in improving dynamic balance (DB) and static balance with compromised sensations and reducing fear of falling (FF) among older nonfallers. Sixty-one participants (70 ± 3 years) at risk for falling were randomly allocated to receive ExBP practice for 16 weeks, Tai Chi (TC), or no treatment (CON) with an 8-week follow-up. The ExBP group exhibited significant improvements in DB (2.18, 95% CI = 1.16–3.19), static balance with compromised vision and somatosensation (ECSS; 0.46, 95% CI = 0.06–0.85), and FF (8.65, 95% CI = 0.52–16.8). After the intervention, the ExBP group showed significantly more improvement than did the CON group in DB, static balance with compromised somatosensation, and ECSS. No significant difference was observed between the ExBP and TC groups. Therefore, the ExBP can be applied as an effective alternative exercise regimen for improving balance and fall efficacy for older nonfallers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Somatotype Characteristics of Athletes on the Balance Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Top ◽  
Cagri Celenk ◽  
Irfan Marangoz ◽  
Zait Aktug ◽  
Taner Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Biodex Balance System

Our study aims to investigate the effects of somatotype characteristics of elite athletes on the balance performances. The study has included 46 elite athletes totally. The heights, body weights, skinfold thicknesses, periphery and diameter of skinfold of the subjects included in the study have been measured and somatotype characteristics have been determined by using Heath-Carter method. The balance performances of the athletes have been evaluated by using Biodex Balance System. It has been determined that the dynamic balance performance of the athletes has changed in accordance with the endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph characteristics of the athletes; however, static balance performances have not changed. Accordingly, no difference has been observed between the oscillation indexes and static balances of the athletes (p>0.05), whereas a significant difference has been found as the balance level increases in accordance with the endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph characteristics of the athletes in terms of dynamic balances (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.001). In conclusion, it is assumed that the athletes having endomorphic characteristics may be more successful in the sports branches that put an emphasis on the balance.

Static and Dynamic Balance Skills of Trainable Children with Down's Syndrome

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Le Blanc ◽  
Ronald French ◽  
Barry Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

This study compared static and dynamic balance performance of 25 subjects with Down's Syndrome and 25 without Down's Syndrome; controls were placed on CA and IQ. No significant difference between the two samples' static balance performance was noted; subjects with the Down's Syndrome had significantly superior dynamic balance performance.

scholarly journals Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199870
Author(s):  
Mark Matthews ◽  
William Johnston ◽  
Chris M. Bleakley ◽  
Richard J. Davies ◽  
Alan T. Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a history of sports-related concussion has effects on static and dynamic balance performance in adolescent rugby players. Hypothesis: Dynamic balance would be worse in players with a history of concussion compared with those with no history of concussion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Male adolescent rugby players aged 14 to 18 years from 5 schools were recruited before the start of the 2018-2019 playing season. Participants completed questionnaires and physical tests, including dynamic Y balance and single-leg static balance (eyes closed) tests, while performing single and dual tasks. Dynamic balance was assessed using inertial sensor instrumentation. Dependent variables were normalized reach distance and the sample entropy (SEn) of the 3 axes ( x, y, and z). Results: Of the 195 participants, 100 reported a history of concussion. Those with a history of concussion demonstrated higher SEn in all directions, with highest values during anterior (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7; P = .027) and posteromedial (SMD, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .004) reach directions compared with those with no history. There was no difference between groups (concussion history vs control) in traditional Y balance reach distances in the anterior or posteromedial directions or single-leg static balance during both single- ( P = .47) and dual-task ( P = .67) conditions. Conclusion: Adolescent rugby union athletes with a history of concussion had poorer dynamic balance during performance tasks compared with healthy controls. Static single-leg balance tests, either single or dual task, may not be sensitive enough to detect sensorimotor deficits in those with a history of concussion.

scholarly journals Community-Based Adaptive Physical Activity Program for Chronic Stroke: Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of the Empoli Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Stuart ◽  
Francesco Benvenuti ◽  
Richard Macko ◽  
Antonio Taviani ◽  
Lucianna Segenni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke

Objective. To determine whether Adaptive Physical Activity (APA-stroke), a community-based exercise program for participants with hemiparetic stroke, improves function in the community. Methods. Nonrandomized controlled study in Tuscany, Italy, of participants with mild to moderate hemiparesis at least 9 months after stroke. Forty-nine participants in a geographic health authority (Empoli) were offered APA-stroke (40 completed the study). Forty-four control participants in neighboring health authorities (Florence and Pisa) received usual care (38 completed the study). The APA intervention was a community-based progressive group exercise regimen that included walking, strength, and balance training for 1 hour, thrice a week, in local gyms, supervised by gym instructors. No serious adverse clinical events occurred during the exercise intervention. Outcome measures included the following: 6-month change in gait velocity (6-Minute Timed Walk), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale, Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), Barthel Index, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Index of Caregivers Strain. Results. After 6 months, the intervention group improved whereas controls declined in gait velocity, balance, SPPB, and SIS social participation domains. These between-group comparisons were statistically significant at P < .00015. Individuals with depressive symptoms at baseline improved whereas controls were unchanged ( P < .003). Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on a subset of participants in the intervention group. For these individuals, insulin secretion declined 29% after 6 months ( P = .01). Conclusion. APA-stroke appears to be safe, feasible, and efficacious in a community setting.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercises in Water and Land on Balance and Cognitive Functions in Elderly and Old Persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigija Dekaminavičiūtė ◽  
Vilma Dudonienė
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Better Than

Research background. Aging constantly manifests itself not only in physiological changes, but also in cognitive ones. Exercise programs for elderly have been created aiming at avoiding risk of falling, but there is little known about changes in cognitive functions under the effect of exercise. The aim was to evaluate the effect of water-based and land-based exercises on balance and cognitive functions in elderly women and men. Methods. The dynamic balance of study participants (n = 32) was evaluated using Timed Up & Go Test, the static balance was evaluated with a 4-position Static Balance Test and the cognitive functions were evaluated with Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and the Trail Making Test. The participants were randomly divided in two groups: water exercise and land-based exercise. Results. After 8 weeks of exercise in water and on land, static and dynamic balance and cognitive functions improved in both groups (p < 0.05), no statistically signifcant difference was found between the groups except for the trail making test, which was performed more quickly by subjects who attended exercise in water. After the exercise program, the men’s dynamic and static balance (while standing in the tandem position) were better than women’s, but women’s standing on one leg position was better than that of men’s (p < 0.05). Conclusion. There were no statistically signifcant differences in cognitive function between men and women after intervention. After both exercise programs, dynamic and static balance (in the tandem position) in men were better (p < 0.05) than those in women, standing on one leg but women’s position was statistically signifcantly better than that of men’s.Keywords: exercise program in water and land-based, static and dynamic balance, cognitive functions.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Transient Effect of Complex and Core Stability Exercises on Static Balance Ability and Muscle Activation during Static Standing in Healthy Male Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Ho-Jin Shin ◽  
Jin-Hwa Jung ◽  
Sung-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Suk-Chan Hahm ◽  
Hwi-young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Balance Ability

Balance ability is a necessary exercise factor required for the activities of daily living. This study investigated the effects of short-term complex exercise (CE) and core stability exercise (CSE) on balance ability and trunk and lower-extremity muscle activation on healthy male adults. Twenty-nine healthy male adults were included. All performed CE and CSE for 1 min each; the exercise order was randomized. The primary and secondary outcomes were balance ability and muscle activation, respectively. In balance ability, CE showed a significant difference in all variables in both eye-opened and eye-closed conditions compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). In comparisons among exercises, the path length and average velocity variables showed a significant decrease in the eye-opened condition, and the path length variable showed a significant decrease in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). In muscle activation, CE showed a significant increase in the gluteus medius (Gmed) and decrease in the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and RF/biceps femoris (BF) ratio in the eye-opened condition compared to the baseline and a significant decrease in RF and RF/BF ratio in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). Both CE and CSE improved the static balance ability. Furthermore, muscle activation significantly increases in Gmed and decreases in the RF, TA, and RF/BF ratio. Therefore, we recommend including CE in an exercise program that has the purpose of improving static balance ability.

A Dynamic Balance Measure for Persons with Severe and Profound Mental Retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. DePaepe ◽  
Sue Ciccaglione
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

The present study's purpose was to probe into the reliability and validity measurement of dynamic balance for individuals with IQs below 29. The 91 subjects were asked to complete the Papcsy-DePaepe test and the Bruininks test according to each test's protocol. Correlations of odd-even scores produced a reliability of .98 for the Papcsy-DePaepe test. Concurrent validity was indicated by a Pearson product-moment correlation of .64 between the two tests. Subsequent 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate analyses of variance confirmed a significant difference between the two tests and that retardation was associated with balance performance although age and gender were not.

Effects of Cognitive and Physical Loads on Dynamic and Static Balance Performance of Healthy Older Adults Under Single-, Dual-, and Multi-task Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082092462
Author(s):  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Iman Dianat ◽  
Galavizh Mameh ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
And Control

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic and static balance performance of healthy older adults under single-, dual-, and multi-task conditions. Background Previous studies on postural control in older adults have generally used dual-task methodology, whereas less attention has been paid to multi-task performance, despite its importance in many daily and occupational activities. Method The effects of single versus combined (dual-task and multi-task) cognitive (to speak out the name of the weekdays in a reverse order) and physical (with three levels including handling weights of 1, 2, and 3 kg in each hand) loads on dynamic and static balance performance of 42 older adults (21 males and 21 females) aged ≥60 years were examined. Dynamic and static balance measures were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and stabilometer (sway index) tests, respectively. Results The TUG speed of female participants was generally slower than that of male participants. Age had no effect on balance performance measures. Under dual-task conditions, cognitive load decreased the dynamic balance performance, while the physical task levels had no effect. The dual-task conditions had no impact on the static balance performance. The effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic balance performance varied under dual- and multi-task conditions. Conclusion The findings highlight differences between dual- and multi-task protocols and add to the understanding of balance performance in older adults under cognitive and physical loads. Application The present study highlights differences between dual- and multi-task methodologies that need to be considered in future studies of balance and control in older adults.

scholarly journals The effect of the intervention dance program on the level of functional fitness and postural stability in elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Pavlína Vaculíková ◽  
Alena Skotáková ◽  
Sylvie Kropáčová ◽  
Roman Grmela
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dance Intervention

Objective: The major objective of this study was to investigate the influence of six months dance intervention program on the level of functional fitness and postural stability in the elderly.Methods: The exercise program was carried out three times a week and included 60 dance exercise sessions. 60 elderly participated in the study (67.5±5.69 years), 30 in a dance intervention group (weight: 70.32±13.59kg; BMI 25.95±3.79 kg/m2), 30 in a control group (weight: 76. 93±15.45kg; BMI 27.06±3.88 kg/m2). Three subtests were used to determine the level of functional fitness from the Senior fitness test battery; the static posturography method assessed the level of balance abilities in one position.Results: The most meaningful results to emerge from the data are that the intervention dance program led to a post-exercise increase in the level of agility, dynamic balance and reaction speed measured by 8 Foot up Go test in the dance group. The results indicate a statistically significant difference value in the dance group compared to the control group between post-test results (p=0.01). Values of the other monitored parameters were not statistically significant. The Cohen coefficient d reflects the low or medium value of the intervention program's effectiveness.Conclusions: Even if the dance intervention program did not have a more significant effect on the level of the tested parameters, we must state that only a slight improvement or a steady level of functional fitness and postural stability is a positive result in this age. Keywords: aging, dance, Senior fitness test, motor abilities, balance ability

scholarly journals Positional differences in anticipation timing, reaction time and dynamic balance of American football players

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Halil İ. Ceylan ◽  
Ahmet R. Günay
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coinciding anticipation timing (CAT), reaction time and dynamic balance performances of American football players according to their playing positions. Material: Thirty-five American football players, who train at least 3 days a week, and compete in Universities Protected Football 1st League, participated in this study, voluntarily. The players were divided into two playing positions: offensive (17 players, mean age: 20.76 ± 1.30 years) and defensive (18 players, mean age: 21.94 ± 2.87 years). The CAT at different stimulus speeds (6 mph, 12 mph), reaction time (visual, auditory, mixed), and dynamic balance performance (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, perimeter lenght) were measured in the laboratory environment. The CAT, reaction time, and dynamic balance performance of players were determined by Bassin Anticipation Timer, Newtest 1000, and Technobody Prokin-200, respectively. Results: The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS (20.0) program. Firstly, the raw data for CAT performance (6mph, 12 mph) were converted to absolute error score. According to Shapiro-Wilk test result, the all data showed normal distribution. Independent Sample t test was used to determine the differences between the two playing positions. In addition, the effect size between the two playing positions was calculated in parameters with showing significant differences, and Cohen’s d (1988) values were taken into account. Compared with the defensive players (20.15±3.81 ms), the absolute error scores at fast stimulus speeds (12 mph) of offensive players (17.45±3.48 ms) was found to be significantly lower (t(33) =-2.181, p=.036). The visual reaction time of offensive players (318.11± 17.47 ms) was significantly shorter than defensive players (340.58± 32.60 ms, t(26322) =-2.560, p=.017). In terms of dynamic balance parameters such as perimeter lenght, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral, there was no statistically significant difference between the playing positions (p>0.05). Conclusions: Perceptual-cognitive characteristics such as CAT, and reaction time performance differ according to the playing positions, and this difference may be related to the physical, and cognitive demands required by their playing positions.

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