scholarly journals Positional differences in anticipation timing, reaction time and dynamic balance of American football players

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Halil İ. Ceylan ◽  
Ahmet R. Günay
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coinciding anticipation timing (CAT), reaction time and dynamic balance performances of American football players according to their playing positions. Material: Thirty-five American football players, who train at least 3 days a week, and compete in Universities Protected Football 1st League, participated in this study, voluntarily. The players were divided into two playing positions: offensive (17 players, mean age: 20.76 ± 1.30 years) and defensive (18 players, mean age: 21.94 ± 2.87 years). The CAT at different stimulus speeds (6 mph, 12 mph), reaction time (visual, auditory, mixed), and dynamic balance performance (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, perimeter lenght) were measured in the laboratory environment. The CAT, reaction time, and dynamic balance performance of players were determined by Bassin Anticipation Timer, Newtest 1000, and Technobody Prokin-200, respectively. Results: The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS (20.0) program. Firstly, the raw data for CAT performance (6mph, 12 mph) were converted to absolute error score. According to Shapiro-Wilk test result, the all data showed normal distribution. Independent Sample t test was used to determine the differences between the two playing positions. In addition, the effect size between the two playing positions was calculated in parameters with showing significant differences, and Cohen’s d (1988) values were taken into account. Compared with the defensive players (20.15±3.81 ms), the absolute error scores at fast stimulus speeds (12 mph) of offensive players (17.45±3.48 ms) was found to be significantly lower (t(33) =-2.181, p=.036). The visual reaction time of offensive players (318.11± 17.47 ms) was significantly shorter than defensive players (340.58± 32.60 ms, t(26322) =-2.560, p=.017). In terms of dynamic balance parameters such as perimeter lenght, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral, there was no statistically significant difference between the playing positions (p>0.05). Conclusions: Perceptual-cognitive characteristics such as CAT, and reaction time performance differ according to the playing positions, and this difference may be related to the physical, and cognitive demands required by their playing positions.

A Dynamic Balance Measure for Persons with Severe and Profound Mental Retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. DePaepe ◽  
Sue Ciccaglione
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

The present study's purpose was to probe into the reliability and validity measurement of dynamic balance for individuals with IQs below 29. The 91 subjects were asked to complete the Papcsy-DePaepe test and the Bruininks test according to each test's protocol. Correlations of odd-even scores produced a reliability of .98 for the Papcsy-DePaepe test. Concurrent validity was indicated by a Pearson product-moment correlation of .64 between the two tests. Subsequent 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate analyses of variance confirmed a significant difference between the two tests and that retardation was associated with balance performance although age and gender were not.

scholarly journals The Effect of First-Step Techniques from the Staggered Stance in American Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. E69-E73
Author(s):  
Nikolas Knudsen ◽  
Thomas Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Random Order ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Profiles ◽  
Time Linear

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate 3 different starting techniques from the staggered stance with regards to sprint time, reaction time, linear impulse and power. 11 male amateur American football players volunteered to participate in a testing session consisting of twelve 5 m sprints, 4 in each technique (normal (NORM), backwards false step (BFS) and forwards false step (FFS)) in random order. Sprint starts were performed on force plates to investigate ground reaction forces, reaction time and total sprint time. Analysis showed significant differences in sprint times, with NORM (1.77±0.10 s) being faster than FFS (1.81±0.12 s) and BFS (2.01±0.13 s), and FFS being faster than BFS, although no differences were found in reaction time. In terms of mean force and power, NORM (331.1±39.2N, 542.2±72.3W) and FFS (320.8±43.2N, 550.9±81.4W) were significantly larger than BFS (256.9±36.2N, 443.5±61.1W). This indicates that when starting from a staggered stance, the BFS is inferior to the others and should be avoided. However, since the force profiles of the NORM and the FFS were similar, the differences in sprint time could arise from a technique bias towards the NORM start.

scholarly journals Effect of smoking on visual evoked potential (VEP) and visual reaction time (VRT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Karishma Rajbhandari Pandey ◽  
Dipesh Raj Panday ◽  
Nirmala Limbu ◽  
Bhupendra Shah ◽  
Kopila Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Pattern Vep ◽  
Visual Evoked

Background: Nicotine in tobacco smoke causes demyelination. Again, hypoxia in long-term smokers is linked to neuropathy. Visual receptors are early sufferer of neuropathy. Visual-Acuity & other ocular tests often fail to detect subtle changes of neuropathy which, however, can be detected by VEP test. Literature review shows that changes in VEP come earlier than PFT changes in smokers. Ironically, smokers claim that smoking improves their reaction time, which can be assessed by VRT. Aims and Objective: To relate smoking status with VEP and VRT. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six subjects (smoker group = 28 & non-smoker group = 28), whose age & sex were matched, were included in the study. Their PFT, pattern VEP of both eyes & VRT were recorded. The data were compared between the two groups using unpaired t-test, considering statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: The FVC (4.35±0.83 vs. 5.32+1.18 l, p=0.022), FEF 25% (7.40+2.38 vs. 8.74+3.90 l/s, p=0.019) & FEF 50% (6.11+1.52 vs. 7.74+2.57, p= 0.010) were significantly lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in P100 wave latency of VEP. But, VRT of smokers were significantly shorter (431.69+60.29 vs. 441.14+123.54 ms, p=0.010). Conclusion: Smokers have shorter visual reaction time and similar visual evoked potential as compared to non-smokers.

scholarly journals Dynamic Balance Performance and Noncontact Lower Extremity Injury in College Football Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Butler ◽  
Michael E. Lehr ◽  
Michael L. Fink ◽  
Kyle B. Kiesel ◽  
Phillip J. Plisky
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
College Football ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Balance Performance

scholarly journals The effect of female volleyball players’ leg volume and mass on balance and reaction timeBayan voleybolcuların bacak hacim ve kütlesinin denge ve reaksiyon zamanına etkisi

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan İbiş ◽  
Rüçhan İri ◽  
Zait Burak Aktuğ
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Balance System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Visual Reaction

<p>In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between leg volume - mass and balance – reaction time of the third league female volleyball players. 20 volunteer third league volleyball players, who are still active, are participated in this study. The average age of participant female volleyball players is 23,20±3,42 years, average height 176,30±7,78 cm, average weight 65.11±8,22 kg. Participant female volleyball players’ leg volume by Frustum method, leg mass by Hanavan method, static and dynamic balance by Biodex Balance System and visual reaction time by MOART Lafayette Reaction Measuring Device were measured. In analyzing the relation among the measurements, Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used. As a result of analysis of the obtained data; significant moderate correlation was found between the legs mass and dynamic balance (r=0.654, p&lt;0,05). It was determined with a highly significant relationship between leg mass and foot volume (r=0.913, p&lt;0,01) and foot mass (r=0.917, p&lt;0,01). Also a significant relationship was found between leg volume and foot volume (r=0.800, p&lt;0,01) and foot mass (r=0.644, p&lt;0,05).</p><p>Consequently; it can be said that there is a highly significant relationship between leg volume-mass and foot volume-mass, and there is a relationship between dynamic balance and leg mass of the third league female volleyball players.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, üçüncü lig bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacimleri ile denge ve reaksiyon zamanları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya üçüncü ligde oynayan toplam 20 gönüllü bayan voleybolcu katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan bayan voleybolcuların yaş ortalamaları 23,20±3,42 yıl, boy ortalamaları 176,30±7,78 cm, ağırlık ortalamaları 65.11±8,22 kg’dır. Çalışmada katılan bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacmi Frustum yöntemi, bacak kütlesi Hanavan yöntemi, statik-dinamik denge ölçümü Biodex Denge Sistemi ve görsel reaksiyon zamanı ölçümleri MOART Lafayette Reaksiyon Ölçüm cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen ölçümler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla Pearson Çarpımlar Moment Korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda; bacak kütlesi ile dinamik denge arasında orta düzeyde (r=0.654, p&lt;0,05), bacak kütlesi ile ayak hacmi (r=0.913, p&lt;0,01) ve ayak kütlesi (r=0.917, p&lt;0,01) arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişki bulunurken; bacak hacmi ile ayak hacmi (r=0.800, p&lt;0,01) ve ayak kütlesi (r=0.644, p&lt;0,05) arasında ilişki tespit edilmiştir.</p><p>Sonuç olarak; çalışmadaki bulgular 3. Ligde oynayan bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacmi ve bacak kütlesinin ayak kütlesi ve ayak hacmi ile yüksek düzeyde ilişki gösterdiği, dinamik dengenin de bacak kütlesiyle ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.</p>

scholarly journals The analysis of self-esteem level of the school of physical education and sports students participating in intercollegiate football contests

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5587
Author(s):  
Sihmehmet Yigit ◽  
Fikret Ramazanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Packaged Software ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intercollegiate Football ◽  
Voluntary Basis ◽  
Test Table ◽  
Test Result

In this study, it is aimed to analyze self-esteem levels of the male and female students in the School of Physical Education and Sports in different provinces between 2015-2016 years who participated in football contests in Balıkesir University. The sample of the analysis is formed with 76 female and 54 male football players for a total of 130 individuals participated on a voluntary basis, who are students of Physical Education and Sports in different provinces of Turkey.In this study, individuals have been applied two-part questionnaire. In the first part demographic features and in the second part Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory consisting of 25 items have been used. The obtained data have been recorded in silico by using a packaged software named SPSS 20. On the purpose of testing hypothesis of the study; normality tests, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, credibility analysis, MWU test and Kruskal Wallish H tests have been applied.As seen in Kruskal Wallis H test table, self-esteem scores do not differ according to age. (p>0, 05). In MWU test result, there is no significant difference between male and females in terms of self-esteem scores. (p>0, 05). Self-esteem scores do not differ according to the alma mater in statistical terms. (p>0, 05). As a result of Krushkal Wallis H test carried out to determine if self-esteem scores differ according to the participants who do sports in different frequency, it is identified that self-esteem scores significantly differ according to frequency of doing sports. (p<0, 05). In order to determine between which groups have difference in question, with Mann Whitney U test; potential all pairwise comparisons have been done and rarely sports doer’s self-esteem scores averages are quite low when compared to the on occasion and regularly doers; it is determined that there is no significant difference in terms of self- esteem scores between participants who do sports in a club and who do not. (p>0, 05).As a result, individuals studying at Physical Education and Sports schools’ self-esteem scores do not differ from each other according to their ages, gender, doing sports in clubs but differ according to frequency of doing sports. Physical education and sports’ being positive provides a chance to get closer to self-esteem concept. It is taught that it is important in terms of determination of self-esteem levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Learning Method on the Visual Reaction Time of Hand and Leg in High School Level Tennis Trainees

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Yahya Yıldırım ◽  
Ali Kızılet
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
School Level ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Post Test

The aim of this study is; to investigate the effects of differential training method on hand and leg visual reaction time in high school tennis trainees. 24 trainees (12 girls, 12 boys) attending a tennis course in a high school participated in the study voluntarily. It was determined that the mean age of the participants was 15.00±0.00 years, their body weight was 63.46±10.64 kg, their height was 1.65±0.06 m, and their body mass index was 23.26±2.91. According to the results of the pre-tests, 2 homogeneous groups of 12 people were created. One group formed the Differential Group (DG), the other the Traditional Group (TG), and each group included 6 girls and 6 boys. The training sessions were held 3 days a week (90 minutes each) and lasted 10 weeks in total. In the study, the visual reaction time (separately for hand and leg) was performed as a pre-test and a post-test using the Fitlight TrainerTM device. Paired Sample t test was used to examine the difference between pre-test and post-test of the same group. Independent Sample t test was used to measure the intergroup interaction between pre-tests and post-tests. To interpret the statistical significance level, p < 0.05 was accepted. As a conclusion; it was observed that both training methods shorten the visual reaction time, but there was no significant difference between the groups in pre-test and post-tests.

scholarly journals Examination of basic motoric characteristics with different stretching exercises in football playersFutbolcularda farklı germe egzersizleri ile temel motorik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Öznur Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stretching Exercises

To investigate acutely the effects of different stretching exercises on football players on the basic motoric properties (strength, flexibility, speed, balance and explosive force). 10 volunteer football players with an average age of 17 participated in the study. Three different measurements protocols were used in the study. The first measurement was performed without stretching exercise, the second measurement was performed after the static stretching exercise and the third measurement was performed after the dynamic stretching exercise. All measurements were carried out at Manisa Tarık Almış sports facilities. To determine the performances of volunteers; back strength, leg strength, hand grip strength, flexibility, 20 m. sprint and flamingo balance test. The Repeated Measures ANOVA test and the Bonferroni Test were used using the SPSS 23.0 package program to analyze the relationship between the performance of the study group and performance tests on different days and different protocols. When the three different methods applied to participants were compared; there is a statistically significant difference between sit and reach, speed and balance tests. As a result, there is a positive effect of stretching exercises on flexibility, sprint and dynamic balance skills. ÖzetFutbolcularda farklı germe egzersizlerinin temel motorik özellikler (kuvvet, esneklik, sürat, denge ve patlayıcı kuvvet) üzerine etkilerini akut olarak incelemektir. Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 17 olan 10 gönüllü futbolcu katılmıştır. Çalışmada 3 farklı ölçüm protokolü kullanılmıştır. Birinci ölçüm germe egzersizi yapmadan, ikinci ölçüm statik germe egzersizinden sonra ve üçüncü ölçüm dinamik germe egzersizinden sonra gerçekleştirildi. Tüm ölçümler Manisa Tarık Almış Spor Tesislerinde yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların performanslarını belirlemek için sırt kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, el kavrama kuvveti, esneklik, 20 m. sprint, flamingo denge testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma grubunun farklı günlerde ve farklı germe egzersizlerini takiben uygulanan performans testlerinin aralarındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek için SPSS 23.0 paket programından, Repeated Measures Testi ve Bonferroni Testi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılara uygulanan three farklı ölçüm metodu karşılaştırıldığında; otur-eriş, sürat ve denge testleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardır (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerinde olumlu etkisi vardır.

scholarly journals Psychomotor function in children with epilepsy seen at a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria: does treatment with anti-epileptic drugs have any effect?

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ehiabhi Ikhurionan ◽  
Olusola Peter Okunola ◽  
Blessing Imuetinyan Abhulimhen-Iyoha ◽  
Gabriel Egberue Ofovwe
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Psychomotor slowing is more commonly reported in children with epilepsy (CWE) compared to healthy controls. The effect of anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment on psychomotor abilities of CWE remains controversial. In Nigeria, psychomotor abilities of CWE are scarcely investigated and the impact of AEDs is not known. The present study sought to assess psychomotor performance of CWE compared to healthy controls and to determine any association with seizure characteristics and treatment. Method A comparative cross-sectional study involving 160 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 80 controls aged 6–16 years. Psychomotor function was assessed using reaction times and tapping task of the Iron psychology computerised test battery. The criterion for impairment was fixed at two standard deviations (SD) worse than the mean of age-matched controls. The relationship between seizure variables and psychomotor function was assess with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result Fifty-nine (36.9%) CWE had impaired auditory reaction, 50 (31.3%) with impaired visual reaction and 11 (6.9%) had fine motor control impairment. There was no significant difference in psychomotor performance between CWE on AED and the newly diagnosed counterparts yet to start AED treatment (auditory reaction time—p = 0.226; visual reaction time—p = 0.349; tapping task—p = 0.818). AED treatment duration over 5 years was associated with better auditory reaction time (F = 4.631, p = 0.034) in CWE. Also, seizure onset before 5 years of age was associated with slower auditory reaction (F = 4.912, p = 0.028) and verbal reaction (F = 14.560, p < 0.001). Conclusion Nigerian CWE perform less favourably on tests of psychomotor function than healthy controls. The performance of children on AED is not significantly different from those not on AED. Longer duration of AED treatment may result in psychomotor improvement in CWE. CWE should be closely monitored for psychomotor slowness so that deficits can be identified and appropriate interventions instituted.

Single-Leg Balance Performance in Sub-Elite Young Soccer Players and Swimmers as a Function of Age and Sports Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leinen ◽  
Thomas Muehlbauer ◽  
Stefan Panzer
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The present study investigated if accumulated, advanced, regular soccer practice (balance-demanding exercise) compared to regular swim practice (non-balance–demanding exercise) induces a more pronounced functional specialization in postural control. Therefore, single-leg balance performance in sub-elite young soccer players (under 13 [U13]: n = 16; U15: n = 18; U19: n = 15), and sub-elite young swimmers (U13: n = 7; U15: n = 4; U19: n = 5) was tested in different balance task conditions (i.e., static and dynamic balance on firm and foam surface). All athletes practiced 3–10 times per week. Single-leg balance of the dominant and non-dominant leg was measured using a force plate. The standard deviation of the center of pressure displacements in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions were used as dependent variables. Irrespective of age groups and type of sport, the results failed to indicate significant leg differences in single-leg balance performance. The soccer players showed significant better single-leg balance performance in anterior-posterior direction in the dynamic balance test on the firm and foam surface compared to the swimmers. Functional specialization was accompanied by the type of sport but not by accumulated practice.

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