Examining the Feasibility of Supine-to-Stand as a Measure of Functional Motor Competence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Nesbitt ◽  
Sergio Molina ◽  
Ryan Sacko ◽  
Leah E. Robinson ◽  
Ali Brian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Screen Approach ◽  
Product Measures

A person’s ability to rise from the floor to a standing position is seen as a precursor for establishing and maintaining bipedal independence. It also is an important primer for the development of other fundamental movement skills and is associated with functional capacity in later life. Thus, the potential importance of developing this movement capability early in life and understanding how it may relate to global function (i.e., motor competence [MC]) across the lifespan may be underestimated. Therefore, this study examined the validity of supine-to-stand test (STS) as a developmental measure of functional MC across childhood into young adulthood using a pre-longitudinal screen approach and examining associations between movement components. STS time also provided a secondary measure of developmental validity in addition to an examination of the concurrent validity of STS against developmentally valid measures of MC (i.e., throwing, kicking, hopping, and standing long jump) in these age groups. Overall, results indicated that cross-sectional data “curves” for the STS components generally fit Roberton’s hypothetical model curves. STS time demonstrated weak to moderate (r = −.28 to −.64) correlations to MC product measures across all age groups indicating that STS time can be considered a valid and reliable measure of MC across childhood into young adulthood.

Neurological diseases, epidemiology, and public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-162
Author(s):  
Walter A. Kukull ◽  
Kumeren Govender ◽  
James Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Lost Productivity

This chapter presents information for selected neurological conditions by referring to current or classic research papers. Conditions such as headache especially migraines have substantial public health impact because of the high prevalence, age groups affected, the associated lost economic productivity and the increase in disability-adjusted life years. Multiple sclerosis, a relatively common neurological disease, can affect individuals in young adulthood, decrease their productivity, and ultimately make them dependent on others. Traumatic brain injury occurring in youth or young adulthood can cause years of extra medical care in addition to lost productivity among those who survive the immediate event; in addition, repetitive trauma may cause chronic traumatic encephalopathy leading to dementia in later life. Epilepsy may have onset throughout one’s life course. While most causes are unknown, some may result from trauma or may be caused by specific genes, among other causes. While there are intractable forms of epilepsy, great strides have been made in preventing and managing seizures enabling patients to lead relatively full and normal lives. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, are now acknowledged to begin 10–30 years prior to symptom onset. This will influence how risk factor studies are conducted and interpreted, which may offer earlier diagnostic potential. Effective treatments for the resulting clinical dementias that reduce productivity, functional ability, and independence from older individuals have not yet been realized. Without question, neurological diseases have substantial public health as well as grave personal impact.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Indices and Some Aspects of Physical Fitness in Croatian Adolescents by Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
Martin Zvonar ◽  
Mario Kasović ◽  
Lovro Štefan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

Background. The main purpose of this study was to explore the body-mass index and waist circumference associated with physical fitness by gender. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we included 1036 adolescents (55.4% girls) from eight randomly selected secondary schools within the city of Zagreb (Croatia). Body-mass index and waist circumference were objectively measured. Physical fitness included three tests: (1) 1 min sit-ups, (2) standing long jump and (3) a sit-and-reach test. Associations were calculated using linear regression models. Results. Boys had higher body-mass index and waist circumference values, compared to girls (p < 0.001). They also performed better in 1 min sit-ups and the standing long jump tests (p < 0.001), while girls obtained higher values in the sit-and-reach test (p < 0.001). In boys, body-mass index and waist circumference were associated with 1 min sit-ups and the standing long jump. In girls, waist circumference was also associated with 1 min sit-ups and the standing long jump, while body-mass index was only associated with this standing long jump. Conclusions. Our study shows that anthropometric indices have non-linear associations with physical fitness tests in a large sample of Croatian adolescents. Screening for thinness and obesity to predict the level of physical fitness should be of a great interest.

Gender Differences in Motor Performance of 50- to 79-Year-Old Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Rudisill ◽  
Tonya Toole
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump

This study was conducted to assess gender and age differences among 73 men and women (50—59, 60—69, and 70—79 yr.) on five motor tasks (balance, standing long jump, sit and reach, hand grip, and Softball throw). Differences between men and women on the standing long jump, hand grip, and the Softball throw favored men. The men had better performance scores than the women on each of these tasks. An interaction of gender by age was noted on the balance task. Women 50—59 yr. old balanced significantly longer than the men of that age group. Age differences were found for the standing long jump, hand grip, and Softball throw. The 50—59 age group performed significantly better than the 60—69 and the 70—79 age groups Performance decreased on each task across age groups. These findings suggest gender differences in motor performance of older adults as has been noted for children.

Relation of Academic Performance to Physical Activity and Fitness in Children

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Dwyer ◽  
James F. Sallis ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Ross Lazarus ◽  
Kimberlie Dean
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
School Ratings

The objective of this study was to examine the association of scholastic performance with physical activity and fitness of children. To do so, school ratings of scholastic ability on a five-point scale for a nationally representative sample of 7,961 Australian schoolchildren aged 7–15 years were compared with physical activity and fitness measurements. Consistently across age and sex groups, the ratings were significantly correlated with questionnaire measures of physical activity and with performance on the 1.6-kilometer run, sit-ups and push-ups challenges, 50-meter sprint, and standing long jump. There were no significant associations for physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170 (PWC170). The results are concordant with the hypothesis that physical activity enhances academic performance, but the cross-sectional nature of the observations limits causal inference, and the disparity for PWC170 gives reason to question whether the associations were due to measurement bias or residual confounding.

Continuity or Change: Inequalities in Health in Later Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTLater life and ill health are perceived as being synonymous. To be old is to be unhealthy, while youth is associated with good health. One result of the widespread acceptance of this stereotype is that there has been little analysis of differences in health status within the post-retirement age groups. Data from the 1980 and 1985 General Household Survey (GHS) are used to consider patterns of health in later life. Using cross-sectional analysis, it is shown that morbidity increases with age. However, even for those aged 85+ the experience of ill health is shown not to be universal. Health status varies between both men and women and between the social classes. These differences are shown not to be the result of the varying age composition of the gender and class groups. The data presented show that there are profound age, gender and class differences in health status in later life and these represent the continuation of inequalities observed within the non-retired population.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness and the Level of Pain Intensity in Adolescents: A School-based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Zvonar ◽  
Kasović ◽  
Štefan
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Fitness Index ◽  
Long Jump

Background: The main aim of the study was to explore the association between objectively measured physical fitness and the level of pain intensity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 1036 adolescents (mage ± SD = 16.3 ± 1.1 years; mheight ± SD = 1.74 ± 0.1 m; mweight ± SD = 64.7 ± 12.4 kg; mbody-mass index ± SD = 21.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) from 11 secondary schools located in the city of Zagreb (Croatia). Physical fitness was determined by using waist circumference, sit-ups in 1 min, standing long jump and sit-and-reach tests. Overall physical fitness index was calculated by summing the z-score values of each physical fitness test. The level of pain intensity was assessed with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, a one-dimensional measure of pain intensity. Associations were calculated with correlation analyses. Results: In boys, pain intensity was associated with sit-ups in 1 min (r = −0.16, p < 0.001), standing long jump (r = −0.14, p = 0.003) and overall physical fitness index (r = −0.13, p = 0.004), while no significant associations with waist circumference (r = 0.04, p = 0.438) and sit-and-reach test (r = −0.01, p = 0.822) were observed. In girls, pain intensity was associated with standing long jump (r = −0.17, p < 0.001) and overall physical fitness index (r = −0.10, p = 0.018), while no significant associations with waist circumference (r = 0.01, p = 0.735), sit-ups in 1 min (r = −0.06, p = 0.126) and sit-and-reach test (r = −0.05, p = 0.232) were observed. When we adjusted for self-rated health, sleep duration, smoking status, alcohol consumption, screen-time and psychological distress, similar associations remained. Conclusions: Our study shows a weak association between physical fitness and pain intensity in a large sample of adolescents. Although a cross-sectional design, health-professionals should use physical fitness as a screening tool to assess the level of pain intensity.

Determining the Initial Predictive Validity of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Hulteen ◽  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
Philip J. Morgan ◽  
Leah E. Robinson ◽  
Christian J. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Skill Assessment ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Health Related Fitness ◽  
Push Up

Participation in lifelong physical activities, such as yoga, golf, tennis, or running, are common endeavors in adolescence and adulthood. However, there is a lack of understanding of how competent individuals are in the skills needed for these activities and how competency in these skills relates to physical activity and fitness. This study aimed to determine the initial predictive validity of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery related to physical activity and health-related fitness. One-hundred and nine adolescents from four schools (55 males, 54 females; Mage = 15.82 years, SD = 0.37 years) completed: demographic information (survey), height (stadiometer), weight (digital scale), motor skill assessment (jog, grapevine, squat, push-up, upward dog, warrior one, tennis forehand, golf swing), health-related fitness (standing long jump, back-saver sit and reach, 3-min submaximal step test, 90° push-up test), and physical activity (GENEActiv accelerometers). Correlations and multiple regression models were conducted in SPSS version 24.0. Motor competence was associated with muscular fitness (standing long jump, β = 0.24, p = .002; push-ups, β = 0.42, p < .001), cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.21, p = .031), and flexibility (β = 0.23, p = .025), but not physical activity (β = 0.17, p = .154) or body mass index (β = −0.05, p = .622). Motor competence has a stronger association with health-related fitness parameters rather than physical activity.

The Reliability and Validation of the Aquatic Movement Protocol as an Instrument for Assessing Aquatic Motor Competence in Primary Aged Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Pratt ◽  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Martyn G. Morris ◽  
Samuel W. Oxford
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Product Measures

There is a dearth of research in aquatic motor competency, a key requirement for primary physical education in order to become physically literate. This study proposes a new assessment protocol for aquatic motor competence and sets out to examine the validity of the Aquatic Movement Protocol (AMP) in children between 7 and 9 years of age. Testing of Gross Motor Development—second edition was implemented to assess general motor competence, including a composite of 10-m running sprint time and standing long jump distance. Aquatic motor competence was assessed by the AMP. Univariate analyses of covariance were used to examine whether assessment of general motor competence differed as opposed to aquatic motor competence. Process and product measures of dryland motor competence were analyzed using male and female subjects measuring three aquatic motor competences (low, medium, and high). Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analyses were implemented to show both construct and concurrent validity of the AMP. Children classified as high for aquatic motor competence had significantly higher general motor competence (p = .001). Those who achieved a higher composite score for faster sprint speeds and longer jump distances had significantly higher aquatic motor competence (p = .001). Cronbach’s alpha of .908, showed internal consistency of the AMP. Results extracted one factor from analysis with an eigenvalue = 6.2; %variance = 62.1, with loadings higher than 0.5. This data suggests that the items on the AMP measure a single construct that we would call “Aquatic Motor Competence.” This study demonstrates that the AMP is a valid measure of aquatic motor competence in primary aged children.

Dynamic Relationships Between Motor Skill Competence and Health-Related Fitness in Youth

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Stodden ◽  
Zan Gao ◽  
Jacqueline D. Goodway ◽  
Stephen J. Langendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Motor Skill Competence ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Health Related Fitness

This cross-sectional study examined associations among motor skill competence (MSC) and health-related fitness (HRF) in youth. A convenient sample of 253 boys and 203 girls (aged 4–13 years) participated in the study. Associations among measures of MSC (throwing and kicking speed and standing long jump distance) and a composite measure of HRF (push-ups, curl-ups, grip strength and PACER test) across five age groups (4–5, 6–7, 8–9, 10–11 and 12–13 yrs.) were assessed using hierarchical regression modeling. When including all children, throwing and jumping were significantly associated with the composite HRF factor for both boys and girls (throw, t = 5.33; jump, t = 4.49) beyond the significant age effect (t = 4.98) with kicking approaching significance (t = 1.73, p = .08). Associations between throwing and kicking speed and HRF appeared to increase from early to middle to late childhood age ranges. Associations between jumping and HRF were variable across age groups. These results support the notion that the relationship between MSC and HRF performance are dynamic and may change across childhood. These data suggest that the development of object control skills in childhood may be important for the development and maintenance of HRF across childhood and into adolescence.

scholarly journals Short term secular change in body size and physical fitness of youth 7–15 years in Southwestern Poland: 2001–2002 and 2010–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Ignasiak ◽  
Teresa Sławińska ◽  
Robert M. Malina
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Trunk Strength

Abstract Short term secular change in body size and physical fitness of Polish youth 7-15 years of age resident in an industrial region of Lower Silesia in southwestern Poland was considered across two surveys, 2001-2002 and 2010-2011. Subjects were students in the same schools in both surveys 1892 boys and 1992 girls in the first and 1237 boys and 1236 girls in the second. In addition to height and weight, performances in six fitness tests were measured in each survey. Height, weight and BMI increased significantly across surveys. Statistically controlling for secular gains in height and weight, only static strength (hand grip) and running speed - agility (shuttle run) improved significantly between surveys in three age groups (7-9, 10-12, 13-15 years), while explosive power (standing long jump) showed negligible changes except in girls 13-15 years among whom performances declined significantly. Speed of upper limb movement (plate tapping), flexibility (sit and reach) and trunk strength (sit-ups) declined between surveys, except for trunk strength in boys 13-15 years which did not change. In conclusion, after statistically controlling for secular gains in body size, physical fitness items changed variably over the decade.

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