Influence of Physical Activity on Age-Related Weight Loss in the Elderly

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Stephen ◽  
Ian Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Age Related

Background:Little is known about the effects of physical activity on weight loss in older adults.Methods:Participants included 4512 community-dwelling older (≥65 yr) men and women from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Physical activity (PA) was determined from a questionnaire at baseline and subjects were divided into sex-specific PA quartiles. Weight was measured at baseline and annually over the 8 years of follow-up. The influence of PA on longitudinal changes in body weight was examined using mixed models while adjusting for lifestyle variables, sociodemographic characteristics, and disease status.Results:Body weight declined in a curvilinear manner over time with accelerated weight loss occurring in the final years. Over the 8 yr follow-up period, the least active PA quartile lost 2.72 kg. Weight loss was attenuated by 0.55 kg (20%, P = .057), 0.80 kg (29%, P = .05), and 0.69 kg (25%, P = .016) within the second through fourth PA quartiles. The effects of PA did not differ by gender, but increased with advancing age.Conclusion:Participation in modest amounts of PA attenuated age-related weight loss by approximately 25% with little additional benefit observed at higher PA levels. This finding adds to the growing number of health outcomes that are positively affected by PA.

CONCURRENCE OF FRAILTY AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
K.P. ROLAND ◽  
K.M.D. CORNETT ◽  
O. THEOU ◽  
J.M. JAKOBI ◽  
G.R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Levodopa Dose ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Age Related

Background: Females with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at greater risk of frailty than males. Little is known about how age and disease-related characteristics influence frailty in females with PD because frailty studies often exclude persons with underlying neurological pathologies. Objective: To determine age and diseaserelated characteristics that best explain physical frailty in community-dwelling females with and without PD. Design & Measurement: Correlation coefficients described relationships between PD-related characteristics and physical frailty phenotype criteria (Cardiovascular Health Study). Regression analysis identified associations between disease-related characteristics and frailty in non-PD and PD females. Setting: Community-dwelling. Participants: Females with mild to moderate PD (n = 17, mean age = 66 ± 8.5 years) and non-PD (n = 18, mean age = 72 ± 13.2 years) participated. Results: Daily carbidopa-levodopa dose best explained frailty in PD females (β = 0.5), whereas in non-PD females, age (β = 0.7) and comorbidity (β = 0.5) were most associated with frailty. Conclusions: Dopaminergic medication explained frailty in PD and not measures of disease progression (i.e. severity, duration). In females without PD age-related accumulation of comorbidities resulted in greater risk of frailty. This indicates dopaminergic management of PD symptoms may better reflect frailty in females with PD than disease severity or duration. These data suggest the influence of underlying frailty should be considered when managing neurological conditions. Understanding how frailty concurrently exists with PD and how these conditions progress within the aging female will facilitate future care management.

scholarly journals METABOLITES ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH VERSUS LOW WALKING ABILITY AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER MEN AND WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S641-S642
Author(s):  
Megan M Marron ◽  
Stacy G Wendell ◽  
George C Tseng ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Adam J Santanasto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Low walking ability is highly prevalent with advanced age and associated with a higher risk of major adverse health outcomes. Metabolomics may help better characterize differences among older adults with vastly different walking abilities and provide insight into altered metabolic processes underlying age-related declines in physical functioning. Here, we sought to identify metabolites associated with high versus low walking ability using a nested case-control study of 120 community-dwelling adults ages 79-95 (40% men, 10% black) from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) All Stars study. Participants with high versus low walking ability were matched one-to-one on age, gender, race, and fasting time. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 569 metabolites were identified in overnight-fasting plasma. High versus low walking ability was defined as the best versus worst tertile of gait speed (≥0.9 versus <0.7 meters/second) and Walking Ability Index scores (7-9 versus 0-1). Ninety-six metabolites were associated with walking ability extremes (p<0.05, false discovery rate<30%), where 24% were triacylglycerols. Triacylglycerols containing mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega-3) were higher, whereas those containing mostly saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids were lower among those with high versus low walking ability. Arginine and proline metabolism was a top pathway identified. Body mass index partly explained the association between a subset of metabolites and walking ability extremes. These findings may partly reflect pathways implicating modifiable risk factors including excess dietary lipids and lack of physical activity, which contribute to obesity and cause further alterations in metabolic pathways, potentially leading to age-related declines in walking ability in this cohort.

Adverse cardiac mechanics and incident coronary heart disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319296
Author(s):  
Daniele Massera ◽  
Mo Hu ◽  
Joseph A Delaney ◽  
Traci M Bartz ◽  
Megan E Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiac Mechanics ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Lv Dysfunction

ObjectivesSpeckle-tracking echocardiography enables detection of abnormalities in cardiac mechanics with higher sensitivity than conventional measures of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and may provide insight into the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the relationship of LV longitudinal strain, LV early diastolic strain rate (SR) and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain with long-term CHD incidence in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsThe association of all three strain measures with incidence of non-fatal and fatal CHD (primary outcome of revascularisation, non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction) was examined in the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Follow-up was truncated at 10 years.ResultsWe included 3313 participants (mean (SD) age 72.6 (5.5) years). During a median follow-up of 10.0 (25th–75th percentile 7.7–10.0) years, 439 CHD events occurred. LV longitudinal strain (HR=1.25 per SD decrement, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43) and LV early diastolic SR (HR=1.31 per SD decrement, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.50) were associated with a significantly greater risk of incident CHD after adjustment for potential confounders. By contrast, LA reservoir strain was not associated with incident CHD (HR=1.06 per SD decrement, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.19). Additional adjustment for biochemical and echocardiographic measures of myocardial stress, dysfunction and remodelling did not meaningfully alter these associations.ConclusionWe found an association between echocardiographic measures of subclinically altered LV mechanics and incident CHD. These findings inform the underlying biology of subclinical LV dysfunction and CHD. Early detection of asymptomatic myocardial dysfunction may offer an opportunity for prevention and early intervention.

Abstract 19269: Relations and Predictive Value of Post-load and Fasting Glucose for Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Brutsaert ◽  
Sanyog Shitole ◽  
Mary Lou Biggs ◽  
Kenneth Mukamal ◽  
Ian De Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study

Introduction: Elders have a high prevalence of post-load hyperglycemia, which may go undetected with standard screening. Post-load glucose has shown more robust associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death than fasting glucose, but data in advanced old age are sparse. Whether post-load glucose improves risk prediction for CVD and death after accounting for fasting glucose has not been examined. Methods: Fasting and 2-hour post-load glucose were measured at baseline (1989) and follow-up (1996) visits in a prospective study of community-dwelling adults initially ≥65 years old (Cardiovascular Health Study). To evaluate if previously reported associations of fasting and post-load glucose with incident CVD from the baseline visit persist later in life, and apply to mortality, we focused on the 1996 visit (n=2394). To determine the incremental value of post-load glucose for risk prediction, we examined whether it could significantly reclassify baseline (1989) participants (≤75 years) into cholesterol treatment categories based on recent guidelines (n=2542). Results: Among participants in the 1996 visit (mean age 77), there were 543 incident CVD events and 1698 deaths during median follow-up of 11.2 years. In fully adjusted models, both fasting and 2-hour glucose were associated with CVD (HR per SD, 1.13 [1.03-1.25] and 1.17 [1.07-1.28], respectively) and mortality (HR per SD, 1.12 [1.07-1.18] and 1.14 [1.08-1.20]). After mutual adjustment, however, the associations for fasting glucose with either outcome were abolished, but those for post-load glucose remained unchanged. Among subjects ≤75 years old in 1989, there were 416 CVD events and 740 deaths at 10-year follow-up. Post-load glucose did not enhance reclassification using the 7.5% 10-year risk threshold, nor did it improve the C-statistic. Conclusion: In adults surviving to advanced old age, post-load glucose was associated with CVD and mortality independently of fasting glucose, but not vice versa, although there was no associated improvement in risk prediction. These findings affirm the robust association of post-load glucose with CVD and death late in life, but do not support the value of routine oral glucose tolerance testing for prediction of these outcomes in older adults.

scholarly journals Frailty and driving status associated with disability: a 24-month follow-up longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042468
Author(s):  
Takehiko Doi ◽  
Kota Tsutsumimoto ◽  
Hideaki Ishii ◽  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Satoshi Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
A Prospective Study

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship of driving status and frailty with disability in older adults.DesignA prospective study.Setting and participantsThe study included 8533 participants (mean age: 72.0±6.1 years (range: 60–98 years), women: 54.1%) in a community setting.MeasuresDriving status and frailty were assessed at baseline. The clinical definition of frailty was used according to the Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study index. Disability was prospectively determined using a record of Japanese long-term care insurance (LTCI).ResultsDuring the follow-up period (mean duration: 23.5 months), 58 (0.7%) participants were regarded as moving out of the city, 80 (0.9%) participants had died and 311 (3.6%) participants were certified by LTCI. The proportion of disability was 1.3% among the not-frail group and 5.3% among the frail group. The proportion of disability was 2.5% in participants who were currently driving and 7.5% in those not driving. Based on frailty status and driving, participants were further classified into four groups: not frail and currently driving (n=2945), not frail and not driving (n=642), frail and currently driving (n=3598) and frail and not driving (n=1348). Compared with older adults who are not frail and driving, the combined status of frail and not driving (adjusted HR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.47 to 3.52) and frail and driving (HR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.30–2.81) were risk factors for disability.ConclusionsNot driving and frail were associated with a risk of disability in community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals Cumulative burden of clinically significant aortic stenosis in community-dwelling older adults

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319025
Author(s):  
David S Owens ◽  
Traci M Bartz ◽  
Petra Buzkova ◽  
Daniele Massera ◽  
Mary L Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Incident Cases

ObjectivesCurrent estimates of aortic stenosis (AS) frequency have mostly relied on cross-sectional echocardiographic or longitudinal administrative data, making understanding of AS burden incomplete. We performed case adjudications to evaluate the frequency of AS and assess differences by age, sex and race in an older cohort with long-term follow-up.MethodsWe developed case-capture methods using study echocardiograms, procedure and diagnosis codes, heart failure events and deaths for targeted review of medical records in the Cardiovascular Health Study to identify moderate or severe AS and related procedures or hospitalisations. The primary outcome was clinically significant AS (severe AS or procedure). Assessment of incident AS burden was based on subdistribution survival methods, while associations with age, sex and race relied on cause-specific survival methods.ResultsThe cohort comprised 5795 participants (age 73±6, 42.2% male, 14.3% Black). Cumulative frequency of clinically significant AS at maximal 25-year follow-up was 3.69% (probable/definite) to 4.67% (possible/probable/definite), while the corresponding 20-year cumulative incidence was 2.88% to 3.71%. Of incident cases, about 85% had a hospitalisation for severe AS, but roughly half did not undergo valve intervention. The adjusted incidence of clinically significant AS was higher in men (HR 1.62 [95% CI 1.21 to 2.17]) and increased with age (HR 1.08 [95% CI 1.04 to 1.11]), but was lower in Blacks (HR 0.43 [95% CI 0.23 to 0.81]).ConclusionsIn this community-based study, we identified a higher burden of clinically significant AS than reported previously, with differences by age, sex and race. These findings have important implications for public health resource planning, although the lower burden in Blacks merits further study.

Association of neighborhood physical activity opportunities with incident cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 102596
Author(s):  
Parveen K. Garg ◽  
Jonathan M. Platt ◽  
Jana A. Hirsch ◽  
Philip Hurvitz ◽  
Andrew Rundle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract 2568: Cerebral Infarcts in Blacks vs Whites: the Southall and Brent REvisited (SABRE) Multi-ethnic Cohort Study

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Shibata ◽  
Therese Tillin ◽  
Norman Beauchamp ◽  
John Heasman ◽  
Wadyslaw Gedroyc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Black African ◽  
Cerebral Mri ◽  
Mri Scans

Introduction: Stroke mortality is doubled in people of Black African descent compared with Whites, but factors responsible for this excess are unclear. We wished to compare infarct like lesions (ILL) on MRI by ethnicity and the role of risk factors. Methods: SABRE is a UK community based multi-ethnic cohort of men and women aged 40-69 years at baseline (1988-1990), and 58-86 years at follow up (2008-2011). At follow up, a questionnaire was completed and investigations performed including resting and ambulatory BP, anthropometry, and bloods for glucose and lipids. Cerebral MRI scans were scored for infarcts independently by two readers according to the Cardiovascular Health Study protocol. Results: Of 2346 Whites, 684 attended follow up, and 590 completed cerebral MRI. Of 801 Blacks (first generation migrants of Black African descent to the UK), 232 attended clinic and 207 completed MRI. Mortality loss was greater in Whites (605, 25%) than Blacks (121, 15%)(p<0.0001), although stroke was more likely the underlying cause in Blacks (23, 19%), than Whites (43, 7%)(p<0.0001) . Baseline systolic/diastolic BP was similarly higher in Blacks than Whites in attendees (8/5 mmHg), non-responders (7/6 mm Hg), and those who died (8/5 mmHg). At follow up stroke risk factors were adverse in Blacks, apart from smoking ( table ). Prevalence of ILL was similar by ethnicity, not differing when those <65 years were analysed separately, or when those with stroke/TIA history were excluded. Associations between ILL and risk factors did not differ by ethnicity. But prescribed treatment in those with elevated clinic BP (≥140 mmHg systolic, or ≥90 mmHg diastolic) was 83% in Blacks, 63% in Whites (p<0.0001). Further, in those with an ILL, 95% of Blacks, and 69% (p<0.0001) of Whites were on treatment. Conclusion: Equivalence of ILL rates in Blacks and Whites was unanticipated, given the greater stroke mortality in Blacks. Mitigating against selective mortality as the explanation of our findings is the similar ethnic differential in baseline BP in survivors and non-survivors, the lower overall mortality in Blacks, and overall small numbers of stroke deaths. A more likely explanation is that better targeted more aggressive treatment is now occurring in Blacks than Whites, reducing their potential burden of ILL.

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