Effects of Resistance Training and Dietary Changes on Physical Function and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad R. Straight ◽  
Leah R. Dorfman ◽  
Kathryn E. Cottell ◽  
Julie M. Krol ◽  
Ingrid E. Lofgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Dietary Changes

Background:Community-based interventions that incorporate resistance training (RT) and dietary changes have not been extensively studied in overweight and obese older adults. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a community-based RT and dietary intervention on physical function and body composition in overweight and obese older adults.Methods:Ninety-five overweight and obese (BMI = 33.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2) older adults aged 55–80 years completed an 8-week RT and dietary intervention at 4 Rhode Island senior centers. Participants performed RT twice-weekly using resistance tubing, dumbbells, and ankle weights. Participants also attended 1 weekly dietary counseling session on a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet. Outcome measurements included anthropometrics, body composition, and physical function.Results:There were small changes in body mass (–1.0 ± 1.8 kg, P < .001), waist circumference (–5.2 ± 3.8 cm, P < .001), and percent body fat (–0.5 ± 1.4%, P < .001). In addition, significant improvements were observed in knee extensor torque (+7.9 ± 19.1 N-m, P < .001), handgrip strength (+1.2 ± 2.5 kg, P < .001), and 8-foot up-and-go test time (–0.56 ± 0.89 s, P < .001).Conclusion:Community-based RT and dietary modifications can improve body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in overweight and obese older adults. Future investigations should determine if this intervention is effective for long-term changes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a resistance training program on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Marius Steiro Fimland ◽  
Lene Aasdahl ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Aging is associated with reduced muscle mass and strength leading to impaired physical function. Resistance training programs incorporated into older adults’ real-life settings may have the potential to counteract these changes. We evaluated the effectiveness of 8 months resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment compared to physical activity counselling on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Methods This open label, two-armed, parallel group, cluster randomized trial recruited older adults above 70 years (median age 86.0 (Interquartile range 80–90) years) receiving home care. Participants were randomized at cluster level to the resistance training group (RTG) or the control group (CG). The RTG trained twice a week while the CG were informed about the national recommendations for physical activity and received a motivational talk every 6th week. Outcomes were assessed at participant level at baseline, after four, and 8 months and included tests of physical function (chair rise, 8 ft-up-and-go, preferred- and maximal gait speed, and stair climb), maximal strength, rate of force development, and body composition. Results Twelve clusters were allocated to RTG (7 clusters, 60 participants) or CG (5 clusters, 44 participants). The number of participants analyzed was 56–64 (6–7 clusters) in RTG and 20–42 (5 clusters) in CG. After 8 months, multilevel linear mixed models showed that RTG improved in all tests of physical function and maximal leg strength (9–24%, p = 0.01–0.03) compared to CG. No effects were seen for rate of force development or body composition. Conclusion This study show that resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment is more effective than physical activity counselling for improving physical function and maximal strength in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Trial registration ISRCTN1067873

scholarly journals Chronic Fish Oil Consumption with Resistance Training Improves Grip Strength, Physical Function, and Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Rok Lee ◽  
Edward Jo ◽  
Andy V. Khamoui
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Fish oil (FO) has received great attention for its health-enhancing properties. However, its potential synergistic effects with resistance training (RT) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FO supplementation during 12-weeks of RT on handgrip strength, physical function, and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (10 males, 18 females; 66.5 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CON), resistance training (RT), resistance training with FO (RTFO). Handgrip strength, physical function [five times sit-to-stand (5T-STS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-m walk (6MW), 30-s sit-to-stand (30S-STS)], and BP were measured pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Handgrip strength significantly increased in RT (+5.3%) and RTFO (+9.4%) but decreased in CON (−3.9%). All physical function outcomes increased in RT and RTFO. CON exhibited significantly decreased TUG and 30S-STS with no change in 5T-STS and 6MW. BP substantially decreased only in RTFO, systolic blood pressure (−7.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−4.5 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−5.6 mmHg), while no change was found in CON and RT. Chronic RT enhanced strength and physical function, while FO consumption combined with RT improved BP in community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND BODY COMPOSITION AS NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES: ASSESSMENT APPROACHES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S392-S392
Author(s):  
Connie W Bales ◽  
Kathryn N Porter Starr ◽  
Marshall Miller
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Physical Performance Test ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Obesity Interventions

Abstract Nutritional status is a strong determinant of both body composition and physical function (PF), parameters that are closely interrelated but rarely evaluated in the clinical setting due to cost, access, and lack of agreement on best approaches in older adults. Recent evidence that changes in muscle mass do not closely correspond to changes in muscle function will be reviewed in the context of our studies of higher protein obesity interventions. PF assessments, including indices for older adults (Short Physical Performance Battery and Physical Performance Test), as well as specific tests like gait speed and handgrip strength, will be explained as nutrition outcomes and in relation to body composition from air displacement (BodPod) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). These results, along with new studies of muscle quality, will bring a better understanding of the complexity of responses to nutritional interventions designed to optimize body mass and composition in older adults.

scholarly journals Effects of Community-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Body Composition and Physical Function in Individuals with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: 1.6-Year Followup

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mandic ◽  
Claire Hodge ◽  
Emily Stevens ◽  
Robert Walker ◽  
Edwin R. Nye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Artery Disease

Objective. To examine long-term changes in physical function and body composition in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients participating in ongoing community-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR).Design. Thirty-four individuals (69.7±8.2years; 79% men) participated in this longitudinal observational study. Baseline and follow-up assessments included incremental shuttle walk, short physical performance battery, handgrip strength, chair stands, body composition, last year physical activity, and CR attendance.Results. Participants attended38.5±30.3%sessions during1.6±0.2year followup. A significant increase in 30-second chair stands (17.0±4.7to19.6±6.4,P<0.001), body weight (75.8±11.1to77.2±12.1 kg,P=0.001), and body fat (27.0±9.5to29.1±9.6%,P<0.001) and a decline in handgrip strength (36.4±9.4to33.0±10.6kg·f,P<0.001) and muscle mass (40.8±5.6to39.3±5.8%,P<0.001) were observed during followup. There was no significant change in shuttle walk duration. CR attendance was not correlated to observed changes.Conclusions. Elderly CAD patients participating in a maintenance CR program improve lower-body muscle strength but experience a decline in handgrip strength and unfavourable changes in body composition, irrespective of CR attendance.

Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽  
Chrissa L. McClellan ◽  
Elizabeth J. Parks ◽  
Stephen D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Associations of muscle lipid content with physical function and resistance training outcomes in older adults: altered responses with metformin

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Long ◽  
Bailey D. Peck ◽  
Steven C. Tuggle ◽  
Alejandro G. Villasante Tezanos ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Training Outcomes

scholarly journals Resistance Training Reduces Age- and Geography-Related Physical Function Discrepancies in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142199225
Author(s):  
Breanne S. Baker ◽  
Kristin Miller ◽  
Kelsey J. Weitzel ◽  
Dana L. Duren ◽  
Robin Gammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Improved Performance

Comorbidities affecting physical function increase with advanced-age and rural living. This study investigated the degree of benefit from resistance training (RT) in older adults based on age (50–89 years), location (urban vs. rural), and program duration (10 vs. 8-weeks). 260 participants completed pre- and post-program dynamic and static tasks and flexibility testing. Paired and independent t-tests and one-way and repeated measures ANOVAs were used to test group improvements. All ages improved performance (all p ≤ .002) but those in their 50’s improved flexibility the most and those in their 60’s improved 30STS more and tandem balance less than those in their 80’s. Both rural and urban participants improved in all areas (all p ≤ .002), but rural participants reported greater improvements in tandem balance. Both 10- and 8-week classes improved performance (all p ≤ .001), but 8-week participants improved dynamic tasks and tandem balance more. RT can reduce functional discrepancies in older adults and rural residents.

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