The Association Between Physical Self-Discrepancies and Women’s Physical Activity: The Mediating Role of Motivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brunet ◽  
Catherine Sabiston ◽  
Andree Castonguay ◽  
Leah Ferguson ◽  
Natalia Bessette
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Ought Self

The objectives of this study were to test the associations between physical self-discrepancies (actual:ideal and actual:ought) and physical activity behavior, and to examine whether motivational regulations mediate these associations using self-discrepancy (Higgins, 1987) and organismic integration (Deci & Ryan, 1985) theories as guiding frameworks. Young women (N = 205; Mage = 18.87 years, SD = 1.83) completed self-report questionnaires. Main analyses involved path analysis using a polynomial regression approach, estimation of direct and indirect effects, and evaluation of response surface values. Agreement between actual and ideal (or ought) physical self-perceptions was related to physical activity both directly and indirectly as mediated by the motivational regulations (R2 = .24–.30). Specifically, when actual and ideal self-perceptions scores were similar, physical activity levels increased as actual and ideal scores increased. Furthermore, physical activity levels were lower when the discrepancy was such that ideal or ought self were higher than actual self. These findings provide support for integrating self-discrepancy and organismic integration theories to advance research in this area.

scholarly journals Mode of Commuting to School and Its Association with Physical Activity and Sedentary Habits in Young Ecuadorian Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaira Barranco-Ruiz ◽  
Alfredo Guevara-Paz ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Palma Chillón ◽  
Emilio Villa-González
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Central Region ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Commuting Distance

Active commuting to and from school (ACS) could help to increase daily physical activity levels in youth; however, this association remains unknown in Ecuadorian youth. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to determine the patterns of commuting to and from school and (2) to analyze the associations between ACS, physical activity (PA), and sedentary habits in Ecuadorian youth. A total of 732 students (65.3% males), aged 10–18 years (children = 246, young adolescents = 310, older adolescents = 162) from the central region of Ecuador participated in this study. A self-report questionnaire, including the usual mode and frequency of commuting, distance from home to school (PACO-Questionnaire), and PA and sedentary habits (YAP-Questionnaire), was used. Most of the sample lived ≤2 km from school; however, they were mainly passive commuters (96%). The most common mode of commuting was by car (to school = 43.4%, from school = 31.6%; p < 0.001). Children presented significantly higher scores (0–4) in PA outside school and total PA compared with older adolescents (2.20 ± 0.97 vs. 1.97 ± 0.96; p = 0.013 and 2.30 ± 0.76 vs. 2.09 ± 0.74, p = 0.019, respectively), as well as the lowest scores in sedentary habits (1.51 ± 0.65, p < 0.001). PA at school and total PA were positively associated with ACS (OR 3.137; 95% CI, 1.918 to 5.131; p < 0.001, and OR 2.543; 95% CI, 1.428 to 4.527; p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, passive modes of transportation were the most frequently used to commute to and from school in young Ecuadorians. PA at school and total PA were positively associated with ACS. Thus, interventions at school setting could be an opportunity to improve PA levels and additionally ACS in youth from the central region of Ecuador.

Physical activity levels, exercise attitudes, self-perceptions and BMI type of 11 to 12-year-old children

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridon Kamtsios ◽  
Nikolaos Digelidis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Effects of peer influence on dietary intake and physical activity in schoolchildren

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Finnerty ◽  
Sue Reeves ◽  
Jaqueline Dabinett ◽  
Yvonne M Jeanes ◽  
Claus Vögele
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake and physical activity of boys and girls aged 9–13 years, and the influence of peers on these behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNine primary and secondary schools in south-west London.SubjectsA total of 315 children wore sealed pedometers, provided self-report measures of dietary intake and answered a questionnaire relating to peer influence. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were also obtained.ResultsObese children had the lowest reported energy intakes and the lowest step counts per day. Boys took significantly more steps per day than girls, however girls were closer to achieving their recommended cut-offs for physical activity. Girls had lower energy intakes per day and lower BMI Z-scores than boys, however both genders, across all age groups, had higher than recommended intakes of saturated fat. There were significant associations between peer influence and physical activity levels but not between peer influence and dietary intake.ConclusionsLow energy intake and physical activity levels but high saturated fat intakes among boys and girls across all age groups highlight the importance of promoting both physical activity and healthy food choices. The finding that peers have a significant effect on physical activity levels but not on dietary intake offers an important approach for the design of health promotion interventions and obesity prevention programmes. Such designs may be particularly beneficial for obese youth, since the low physical activity levels found could be a major contributing factor to the maintenance of the condition.

scholarly journals Individual and Co-occurring SNAP Risk Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Balto ◽  
Ipek Ensari ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hubbard ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Jennifer L. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background: Smoking, poor nutrition, excess alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity underlie most preventable causes of morbidity in the general population and may be associated with comorbidities and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the frequency of co-occurrence of these risk factors in people with MS remains unclear. Methods: Sixty-nine individuals with MS completed self-report measures of smoking status, nutrition, alcohol use, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 analyses. Results: Poor diet was the most common risk factor, with 85.5% of the sample not meeting dietary guidelines. Of participants with two risk factors, 90.3% were not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines. Seventy-three percent of women were not meeting physical activity guidelines, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 7.5, P &lt; .01). There were also differential rates by sex of the most commonly co-occurring risk factors: 65% of women reported the co-occurrence of insufficient physical activity and poor diet, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 4.2, P = .05). Conclusions: These results indicate that 85.5% of the sample was not meeting nutrition guidelines, 90.3% of participants with two risk factors reported the co-occurrence of poor diet and insufficient levels of physical activity, and physical activity levels and the total number of risk factors varied across sex.

Association of physical activity with arterial stiffness among Black adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1358863X2110327
Author(s):  
Shabatun J Islam ◽  
Nour Beydoun ◽  
Anurag Mehta ◽  
Jeong Hwan Kim ◽  
Yi-An Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Independent Cohort

Arterial stiffness is a precursor for the development of hypertension and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity has been associated with lower arterial stiffness among largely White populations, but the types of activity required and whether these findings apply to Black adults remain unknown. We examined whether physical activity levels were associated with arterial stiffness among Black adults in two independent cohorts. In the Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular (MECA) Center for Health Equity, 378 Black adults (age 52.8 ± 10.3, 39.7% male) without known CVD living in Atlanta, GA were recruited. Arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV). Total and domain-specific physical activity were assessed by self-report. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate differences across physical activity levels after adjusting for age, sex, CVD risk factors, and socioeconomic status. Findings were validated in an independent cohort of Black adults ( n = 55, age 50.4 ± 9.2, 23.6% male). After adjustment for covariates, lower arterial stiffness was associated with higher self-reported levels of sport/exercise (6.92 ± 1.13 vs 7.75 ± 1.14, p < 0.001, highest vs lowest quartile) and home/life activities (7.34 ± 1.24 vs 7.73 ± 1.07, p = 0.04, highest vs lowest quartile), but not work, active living, or the overall physical activity scores. These findings were replicated in the independent cohort where higher levels of sport/exercise remained associated with lower arterial stiffness (6.66 ± 0.57 vs 8.21 ± 0.66, p < 0.001, highest vs lowest quartile). Higher levels of sport/exercise and home/life-related physical activities (in comparison to occupational physical activity) are associated with lower arterial stiffness in Black adults.

Footprints in Time: Physical Activity Levels and Sociodemographic and Movement-Related Associations Within the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rona Macniven ◽  
Rachel Wilson ◽  
Tim Olds ◽  
John Evans
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that Indigenous children have higher physical activity levels that non-Indigenous children, yet little is known of the factors that influence these levels or how they may be optimized. This study examines correlates of achieving ≥1 hour/day of physical activity among Indigenous Australian children aged 8–13 years. Methods: Data were collected through parental self-report in the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children. Proportions of children achieving ≥1 hour/day physical activity, approximating the Australian aerobic physical activity recommendations, were calculated, and associations with sociodemographic, family composition, and movement-related factors were quantified using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Half of the 1233 children achieved ≥1 hour/day physical activity. Children from families with low parental education and unemployment, remote residence, low socioeconomic status, and without a father in the household were more likely to meet the recommendations. Achieving ≥1 hour/day of physical activity was also associated with low levels of playing electronic games and total screen time. Conclusions: Sociodemographic correlates of physical activity among Indigenous Australian children run counter to those typically found in non-Indigenous Australian children. Further longitudinal examination of the predictors of these associations would provide a greater understanding of Indigenous physical activity determinants, to inform strategies to facilitate participation.

Correlations of objective and self-report assessment of physical activity in twins: insights from the AUTBACK study.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng Yew Soh ◽  
Marina B Pinheiro ◽  
Martin Mackey ◽  
Katrina Scurrah ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Pair Correlations ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Aim: To investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on physical activity levels. Methods: Data from 134 twins from Twins Research Australia, self-report and objective measures of physical activity were obtained by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (n = 110) and Actigraph (n = 120), respectively. Correlations were calculated for twin pairs stratified by zygosity (Monozygotic, MZ; Dizygotic, DZ) and using Spearman's correlation (rs) Results: Within-pair correlations were usually higher in MZ for the Actigraph (rs ranging from 0.34 [0.0 to 0.57] to 0.48 [0.22 to 0.68]) compared to IPAQ (rs ranging from -0.15 [-0.44 to 0.17] to 0.52 [0.25 to 0.72]. Correlations in DZ were lower for the Actigraph (rs ranging from -0.03 [-0.55 to 0.51] to 0.16 [-0.41 to 0.64]) compared to IPAQ (rs ranging from -0.11 [-0.59 to 0.43] to 0.50 [-0.01 to 0.81]). Correlations between Actigraph and IPAQ for all individuals were small for sedentary vs sitting time (rs = 0.28) and vigorous physical activity (rs = 0.27), but moderate for total physical activity (rs = 0.35). Conclusion: Within-family correlation of physical activity levels depends on the assessment, with less consistent results when its assessed by self-reported methods.

Parental Influences on Physical Activity in Children: An Exploration of Potential Mechanisms

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
Kherrin Wood ◽  
Gina Morss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

This study examined the utility of a model to explain parental influence on children’s physical activity. Children (n = 994) from 3 elementary schools completed a survey with scales assessing physical activity, attraction to activity, perceived competence, and perceived parental influence. Self-report data on the physical activity levels of parents (n = 536) were also obtained to test the hypothesis that active parents may provide more encouragement and support for their children. The parental influence scales accounted for 20%, 26%, and 28% of the variance in physical activity, attraction to physical activity, and perceptions of competence, respectively. Correlations between parent and child levels of activity were low, but children of active parents had higher scores on the parental influence measures and psychosocial correlates than inactive parents. This study provides further confirmation of the important influence that parents exert on their child’s physical activity behavior.

Abstract 59: Age-Specific Probabilities of Transitioning between Ideal, Intermediate, and Poor Levels of Physical Activity in the United States: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn M Holliday ◽  
Danyu Lin ◽  
Sujatro Chakladar ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Kelly R Evenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Maintenance of recommended physical activity levels is associated with favorable cardiovascular outcomes. Consequently, the American Heart Association (AHA) included physical activity in the new Ideal Cardiovascular Health concept. Although physical activity is known to decline with age, the age-specific probability of transitioning between AHA defined levels (ideal, intermediate, poor) is unclear. This knowledge could inform interventions seeking to increase or maintain physical activity levels across the life-course. We estimated age-specific prevalence of ideal (≥150 min/wk moderate or ≥75 min/wk vigorous or equivalent combination), intermediate (1-149 min/wk moderate or 1-74 min/wk vigorous or equivalent combination) and poor (0 min of moderate and vigorous) physical activity among adult (16+) European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AA) from the 2007-2010 NHANES (n=13,418) and Hispanic/Latino participants (H/L) from the 2008-2011 HCHS/SOL (n=14,291). Prevalence estimation incorporated data from identical NHANES and HCHS/SOL self-report questionnaires. We then used the prevalence estimates to calculate age, race, and sex-specific probabilities of transitioning between levels using Markov-type state-transition models. These models are designed to estimate transition probabilities from cross-sectional data assuming time-constant transitions, and have been updated to accommodate complex sampling procedures. The estimated 5-year probability of maintaining ideal physical activity levels remained high through the fourth decade of life, after which race and sex differences were observed. For example, the estimated 5-year probabilities of transitioning from ideal to intermediate physical activity levels were similar at age 40 for EA and AA men (1.2% [95%CI: 0.3, 2.3] vs. 2.2% [95%CI: 1.0, 3.6]), but by age 65 diverged to 5.3% (95%CI: 3.9, 6.9) vs. 11.6% (95%CI: 8.5, 15.2), respectively. During middle age, the estimated probability of transitioning from intermediate to poor physical activity levels was accelerated, although variation by race was noted. For example, the estimated probability of transitioning from intermediate to poor physical activity levels was <25% for EA, AA and H/L men through age 40, but by age 65 this increased to 32.6% (95%CI: 22.0, 44.1) for EA men and 41.1% (95%CI: 26.1, 58.0) for AA men while remaining low (11.1% (95%CI: 0.3, 24.3) for H/L men. Across all race-sex groups, individuals with poor physical activity levels had a 0% estimated probability of transitioning to ideal or intermediate physical activity levels, regardless of age. These results indicate need for interventions aimed at maintaining ideal physical activity levels beginning in young adulthood, particularly in AAs who transition from ideal levels at earlier ages than other race/ethnic groups. Innovative efforts may be needed for those with poor physical activity.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Physical Self-Perceptions and Associations With Physical Activity During Adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Inchley ◽  
Jo Kirby ◽  
Candace Currie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Baseline Physical Activity

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents’ physical self-perceptions and their associations with physical activity using a longitudinal perspective. Utilizing data from the Physical Activity in Scottish Schoolchildren (PASS) study, changes in exercise self-efficacy, perceived competence, global self-esteem and physical self-worth were assessed among a sample of 641 Scottish adolescents from age 11–15 years. Girls reported lower levels of perceived competence, self-esteem and physical self-worth than boys at each age. Furthermore, girls’ physical self-perceptions decreased markedly over time. Among boys, only perceived competence decreased, while global self-esteem increased. Baseline physical activity was a significant predictor of later activity levels for both genders. Findings demonstrate the importance of physical self-perceptions in relation to physical activity behavior among adolescents. Among older boys, high perceived competence increased the odds of being active by 3.8 times. Among older girls, high exercise self-efficacy increased the odds of being active by 5.2 times. There is a need for early interventions which promote increased physical literacy and confidence, particularly among girls.

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