The Sporting Choice-A Decision/Expectancy Model

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Decky Fiedler ◽  
Lee Roy Beach
Keyword(s):  
Stated Preference ◽  
College Men ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sports Activities

This study uses a Decision/Expectancy model to examine factors contributing to sports preference for college men and women at three levels of participation. Subjects rated the utility of outcomes for nine sports (a sampling of team and nonteam, competitive and recreational activities) and their expectations that each outcome would occur given that they participated in each sport. Subjects were divided into six groups according to current and recent participation in sports activities. A relationship was found between current level of participation and age of earliest participation. Subjective Expected Utilities (SEUs) for groups suggest that differences between groups having different levels of participation were not in their assessments of the utilities of outcomes of participation, because all subjects found positive outcomes equally favorable and negative outcomes equally unfavorable. The groups did differ, however, in their assessment of the probabilities that positive or negative outcomes would occur as a result of their participation. Men and women were very similar in their evaluations. There was a high correlation for groups between SEU and stated preference for the nine sports.

Positive Mood-Inhibiting Potential of Human Crowding

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Frank J. Prerost
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
College Men ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Human Crowding

Previous research on the effects of crowding on human behavior has concentrated on aggression and other negative outcomes. This study focused on the possible inhibiting effect of crowding on the development of positive mood states. 48 college men and 48 women were examined under conditions of high and low spatial density. Subjects were provided with positive mood-producing stimuli or neutral stimuli during crowding conditions. Neither positive nor negative moods were directly produced by crowding. Influence of crowding centered around inhibiting the effectiveness of positive mood-producing stimuli. Outcomes occurred for both men and women subjects.

Reality Negotiation

2009 ◽  
pp. 474-482
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Higgins ◽  
Matthew W. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Negotiation Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coping Processes

This chapter presents an overview of the development and status of the reality negotiation construct and relates it to a variety of coping processes. The reality negotiation construct follows from the social constructionist tradition and first appeared in discussions of how excuses protect self-images by decreasing the causal linkage to negative outcomes. The reality negotiation construct was later expanded to include a discussion of how the process of hoping may be used to increase perceived linkage to positive outcomes. In the two decades since these constructs were first introduced, four individual differences measures have been developed, and the effects of these reality negotiation techniques have been studied extensively. Reality negotiation techniques can be both maladaptive and adaptive and have been shown to be associated with coping and social support in a variety of populations. The chapter concludes by highlighting a few areas in which reality negotiation research could expand to further its relevance and applicability to the field of positive psychology.

Initiation of Dates and Anxiety among College Men and Women

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Regis McNamara ◽  
Kandee Grossman
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women

Testing measurement invariance of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale in college men and women.

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley R. Treloar ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Denis M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
College Men ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Protective Behavioral Strategies

Relationships among Four Measures of Anxiety

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Reiter
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Complex Concept

Correlations among four measures of anxiety by Taylor, Sarason, Cattell, and Page were based on responses of 76 college men and women. The magnitudes of the coefficients suggest that the tests measure different facets of anxiety. Taylor and Cattell scales measure general anxiety. It appears that anxiety is a complex concept.

scholarly journals Physical activity of subjects aged 50–64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1163-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haftenberger ◽  
AJ Schuit ◽  
MJ Tormo ◽  
H Boeing ◽  
N Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:To describe physical activity of participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study.Subjects:This analysis was restricted to participants in the age group 50–64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 participants from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for men and women from each centre.Results:Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC participants engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch participants and lowest among men from Malmö (Sweden) and women from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. Women from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping.Conclusions:There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both men and women.

EFFECT OF COMPETITIVENESS ON FORTY-YARD DASH PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGE MEN AND WOMEN

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
ASHLEY N. MOORE ◽  
AARON J. DECKER ◽  
JENNIFER N. BAARTS ◽  
ANDREA M. DUPONT ◽  
JOHN S. EPEMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Intention-Outcome Asymmetry Effect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Sarin ◽  
David Lagnado ◽  
Paul Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Asymmetry Effect

Knowledge of intention and outcome is integral to making judgments of responsibility, blame, and causality. Yet, little is known about the effect of conflicting intentions and outcomes on these judgments. In a series of four experiments, we combine good and bad intentions with positive and negative outcomes, presenting these through everyday moral scenarios. Our results demonstrate an asymmetry in responsibility, causality, and blame judgments for the two incongruent conditions: well-intentioned agents are regarded more morally and causally responsible for negative outcomes than ill-intentioned agents are held for positive outcomes. This novel effect of an intention-outcome asymmetry identifies an unexplored aspect of moral judgment and is partially explained by extra inferences that participants make about the actions of the moral agent.

Assessment of Motives and Orientations

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Youniss ◽  
Maurice Lorr ◽  
Edward C. Stefic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
College Women ◽  
College Men ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Study aims to test for the hypothesized dimensional structure of a revision and extension of the Orientation and Motivation Inventory (OMI) and to check for sex differences. The 12-scale inventory was administered to 307 high school and college men, and to 184 college women. The intercorrelations among the half scale scores for the men and for the women were separately factor analyzed and rotated. For men, 10 of the factors, and for women, 11 of the factors hypothesized were confirmed. Five second-order dimensions were identified in both men and women. The scores were next applied in discriminant function analyses to differentiate male and female subjects allocated to one of Holland's six personality types. The results provide some support for the validity of the motivational scales.

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