The Effect of 3 Foot Pads on Plantar Pressure of Pes Planus Foot Type

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey Nordsiden ◽  
Bonnie L. Van Lunen ◽  
Martha L. Walker ◽  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
Maria Pasquale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Training Clinic ◽  
History Of

Context:Many styles of foot pads are commonly applied to reduce immediate pain and pressure under the foot.Objective:To examine the effect of 3 different foot pads on peak plantar pressure (PPP) and mean plantar pressure (MPP) under the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) during slow running.Design:A 4 (pad) × 4 (mask) repeated-measures design.Setting:University athletic training clinic and fitness facility.Participants:20 physically active participants, 12 men (19.7 ± 1.3 y, 181.5 ± 6.3 cm, 83.6 ± 12.3 kg) and 8 women (20.8 ± 1.5 y, 172.7 ± 11.2 cm, 69.9 ± 14.2 kg) with navicular drop greater than or equal to 10 mm, no history of surgery to the lower extremity, and no history of pain or injury to the first MTPJ in the past 6 months.Interventions:PPP and MPP were evaluated under 4 areas of the foot: the rear foot, lateral forefoot, medial forefoot, and first MTPJ. Four pad conditions (no pad, metatarsal dome, U-shaped pad, and donut-shaped pad) were evaluated during slow running. All measurements were taken on a standardized treadmill using the Pedar in-shoe pressure-measurement system.Main Outcome Measures:PPP and MPP in 4 designated foot masks during slow running.Results:The metatarsal dome produced significant decreases in MPP (163.07 ± 49.46) and PPP (228.73 ± 63.41) when compared with no pad (P < .001). The U-shaped pad significantly decreased MPP (168.68 ± 50.26) when compared with no pad (P < .001). The donut-shaped pad increased PPP compared with no pad (P < .001).Conclusions:The metatarsal dome was most effective in reducing both peak and mean plantar pressure. Other factors such as pad comfort, type of activity, and material availability must also be considered. Further research should be conducted on the applicability to other foot types and symptomatic subjects.

Influence of Foot Type and Orthotics on Static and Dynamic Postural Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Olmsted ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Plate Dynamic

Context:The effects of custom-molded foot orthotics on neuromuscular processes are not clearly understood.Objective:To examine these effects on postural control in subjects with different foot types.Design:Between-groups, repeated-measures design.Setting:Athletic training laboratory.Subjects:30 healthy subjects assigned to groups by foot type: planus (n = 11), rectus (n = 12), or cavus (n = 7).Interventions:Custom-fit semirigid orthotics.Main Outcome Measures:Static postural control was measured on a force plate. Dynamic postural control was measured using the Star Excursion Balance Test. Both measurements were assessed with and without orthotics at baseline and 2 weeks later.Results:For static postural control, a significant condition-by-group interaction was found. Subjects with cavus feet had a decreased center-of-pressure velocity while wearing orthotics. For dynamic postural control, a significant condition-by-direction-by-group interaction was found. Subjects with cavus feet had increased reach distances in 3 of 8 directions while wearing orthotics.Conclusions:Custom orthotics were associated with some improvements in static and dynamic postural control in subjects with cavus feet.

Difference in Ratio of Evertor to Invertor Activity Between the Dominant and Nondominant Legs During Simulated Lateral Ankle Sprain

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Knight ◽  
Wendi H. Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Laboratory

Context:The dominant and nondominant legs respond asymmetrically during landing tasks, and this difference may occur during an inversion perturbation and provide insight into the role of ankle-evertor and -invertor muscle activity.Objective:To determine if there is a difference in the ratio of evertor to invertor activity between the dominant and nondominant legs and outer-sole conditions when the ankle is forced into inversion.Design:Repeated-measures single-group design.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:15 physically active healthy volunteers with no previous history of an ankle sprain or lower extremity surgery or fracture.Interventions:An outer sole with fulcrum was used to cause 25° of inversion at the subtalar joint after landing from a 27-cm step-down task. Participants performed 10 fulcrum trials on both the dominant and nondominant leg.Main Outcome Measures:The ratio of evertor to invertor muscle activity 200 ms before and 200 ms after the inversion perturbation was measured using electromyography. This ratio was the dependent variable. Independent variables included outer-sole condition (fulcrum, flat), leg (dominant, nondominant), and time (prelanding, postlanding). The data were analyzed with separate 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA, 1 for the prelanding ratios and 1 for the postlanding ratios.Results:For the postlanding ratios, the fulcrum outer sole had a significantly greater (P < .05) ratio than the flat outer sole, and the nondominant leg had a significantly greater (P < .05) ratio than the dominant leg.Conclusions:These results indicate that a greater evertor response is produced when the ankle is forced into inversion, and a greater response is produced for the nondominant leg, which may function better during a postural-stabilizing task than the dominant leg.

scholarly journals Effects of worn and new footwear on plantar pressure in people with gout

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Frecklington ◽  
Nicola Dalbeth ◽  
Peter McNair ◽  
Alain Vandal ◽  
Peter Gow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Athletic Shoes

Abstract Background In clinical trials, good quality athletic shoes offer short-term improvements (two-months) in foot pain and disability in people with gout, but these improvements are not sustained over time. This may be due to wear and subsequent changes to the structural integrity of the shoe. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of wear on plantar pressures and footwear characteristics in shoes over six-months in people with gout. Methods Forty people with gout participated in a cross-sectional repeated measures study. Participants wore a pair of commercially available athletic footwear for six-months. Participants then attended a study visit where the worn footwear was compared with a new pair of the same model and size of footwear. Wear characteristics (upper, midsole, outsole) and plantar pressure were measured in the two footwear conditions. Wear characteristics were analysed using paired t-tests and Fisher’s exact tests. Plantar pressure data were analysed using linear mixed models. Results Increases in medial midsole (P < 0.001), lateral midsole (P < 0.001) and heel midsole (P < 0.001) hardness were observed in the worn shoes. Normal upper wear patterns (P < 0.001) and outsole wear patterns (P < 0.001) were observed in most of the worn shoes. No differences in peak plantar pressures (P < 0.007) were observed between the two footwear conditions. Reduced pressure time integrals at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (P < 0.001), second metatarsophalangeal joint (P < 0.001) and hallux (P = 0.003) were seen in the worn shoes. Conclusions The study found signs of wear were observed at the upper, midsole and outsole in the worn footwear after six-months. These changes to the structural properties of the footwear may affect forefoot loading patterns in people with gout.

scholarly journals Neural markers of suppression in impaired binocular vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya A Lygo ◽  
Bruno Richard ◽  
Alex R Wade ◽  
Antony B Morland ◽  
Daniel H Baker
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Left And Right

Objective/Purpose: Even after conventional patching treatment, individuals with a history of amblyopia typically lack good stereo vision. This is often attributed to atypical suppression between the eyes, yet the specific mechanism is still unclear. Guided by computational models of binocular vision, we tested explicit predictions about how neural responses to contrast might differ in individuals with impaired binocular vision. Design: A 5 ✕ 5 factorial repeated measures design was used, in which all participants completed a set of 25 conditions (stimuli of different contrasts shown to the left and right eyes). Participants: 25 individuals with a history of amblyopia, and 19 control participants with typical visual development, participated in the study. Methods: Neural responses to different combinations of contrast in the left and right eyes, were measured using both electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimuli were sinusoidal gratings with a spatial frequency of 3c/deg, flickering at 4Hz. In the fMRI experiment, we also ran population receptive field and retinotopic mapping sequences, and a phase-encoded localiser stimulus, to identify voxels in primary visual cortex (V1) sensitive to the main stimulus. Main outcome measures: The main outcome measures were the signal-to-noise ratio of the steady state visual evoked potential, and the fMRI β weights from a general linear model. Results: Neural responses generally increased monotonically with stimulus contrast. When measured with EEG, responses were attenuated in the weaker eye, consistent with a fixed tonic suppression of that eye. When measured with fMRI, a low contrast stimulus in the weaker eye substantially reduced the response to a high contrast stimulus in the stronger eye. This effect was stronger than when the stimulus-eye pairings were reversed, consistent with unbalanced dynamic suppression between the eyes. Conclusions: Measuring neural responses using different methods leads to different conclusions about visual differences in individuals with impaired binocular vision. Both of the atypical suppression effects may relate to binocular perceptual deficits, e.g. in stereopsis, and we anticipate that these measures could be informative for monitoring the progress of treatments aimed at recovering binocular vision.

A Treatment-Based Classification Algorithm to Treat Achilles Tendinopathy: An Exploratory Case Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268
Author(s):  
Patti Syvertson ◽  
Emily Dietz ◽  
Monica Matocha ◽  
Janet McMurray ◽  
Russell Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Indirect Treatment

Context:Achilles tendinopathy is relatively common in both the general and athletic populations. The current gold standard for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is eccentric exercise, which can be painful and time consuming. While there is limited research on indirect treatment approaches, it has been proposed that tendinopathy patients do respond to indirect approaches in fewer treatments without provoking pain.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of using a treatment-based-classification (TBC) algorithm as a strategy for classifying and treating patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy.Participants:11 subjects (mean age 28.0 ±15.37 y) diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy.Design:Case series.Setting:Participants were evaluated, diagnosed, and treated at multiple clinics.Main Outcome Measures:Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (DPA Scale), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A), Global Rating of Change (GRC), and Nirschl Phase Rating Scale were recorded to establish baseline scores and evaluate participant progress.Results:A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze NRS scores from initial exam to discharge and at 1-mo follow-up. Paired t tests were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of using a TBC algorithm from initial exam to discharge on the DPA Scale and VISA-A. Descriptive statistics were evaluated to determine outcomes as reported on the GRC.Conclusion:The results of this case series provide evidence that using a TBC algorithm can improve function while decreasing pain and disability in Achilles tendinopathy participants.

scholarly journals Natural History of Radiographic First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Nineteen‐Year Population‐Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230
Author(s):  
Catherine Bowen ◽  
Lucy Gates ◽  
Peter McQueen ◽  
Maxine Daniels ◽  
Antonella Delmestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
History Of

Electromyographic Evaluation of Abdominal-Muscle Function With and Without Concomitant Pelvic-Floor-Muscle Contraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Tahan ◽  
Amir Massoud Arab ◽  
Bita Vaseghi ◽  
Khosro Khademi
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Emg Signal

Context:Coactivation of abdominal and pelvic-floor muscles (PFM) is an issue considered by researchers recently. Electromyography (EMG) studies have shown that the abdominal-muscle activity is a normal response to PFM activity, and increase in EMG activity of the PFM concomitant with abdominal-muscle contraction was also reported.Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in EMG activity of the deep abdominal muscles during abdominal-muscle contraction (abdominal hollowing and bracing) with and without concomitant PFM contraction in healthy and low-back-pain (LBP) subjects.Design:A 2 × 2 repeated-measures design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:30 subjects (15 with LBP, 15 without LBP).Main Outcome Measures:Peak rectified EMG of abdominal muscles.Results:No difference in EMG of abdominal muscles with and without concomitant PFM contraction in abdominal hollowing (P = .84) and abdominal bracing (P = .53). No difference in EMG signal of abdominal muscles with and without PFM contraction between LBP and healthy subjects in both abdominal hollowing (P = .88) and abdominal bracing (P = .98) maneuvers.Conclusion:Adding PFM contraction had no significant effect on abdominal-muscle contraction in subjects with and without LBP.

Hip-Abduction Torque and Muscle Activation in People With Low Back Pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sutherlin ◽  
Joseph M. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
History Of

Context:Individuals with a history of low back pain (LBP) may present with decreased hip-abduction strength and increased trunk or gluteus maximus (GMax) fatigability. However, the effect of hip-abduction exercise on hip-muscle function has not been previously reported.Objective:To compare hip-abduction torque and muscle activation of the hip, thigh, and trunk between individuals with and without a history of LBP during repeated bouts of side-lying hip-abduction exercise.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Clinical laboratory.Participants:12 individuals with a history of LBP and 12 controls.Intervention:Repeated 30-s hip-abduction contractions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip-abduction torque, normalized root-mean-squared (RMS) muscle activation, percent RMS muscle activation, and forward general linear regression.Results:Hip-abduction torque reduced in all participants as a result of exercise (1.57 ± 0.36 Nm/kg, 1.12 ± 0.36 Nm/kg; P < .001), but there were no group differences (F = 0.129, P = .723) or group-by-time interactions (F = 1.098, P = .358). All participants had increased GMax activation during the first bout of exercise (0.96 ± 1.00, 1.18 ± 1.03; P = .038). Individuals with a history of LBP had significantly greater GMax activation at multiple points during repeated exercise (P < .05) and a significantly lower percent of muscle activation for the GMax (P = .050) at the start of the third bout of exercise and for the biceps femoris (P = .039) at the end of exercise. The gluteal muscles best predicted hip-abduction torque in controls, while no consistent muscles were identified for individuals with a history of LBP.Conclusions:Hip-abduction torque decreased in all individuals after hip-abduction exercise, although individuals with a history of LBP had increased GMax activation during exercise. Gluteal muscle activity explained hip-abduction torque in healthy individuals but not in those with a history of LBP. Alterations in hip-muscle function may exist in individuals with a history of LBP.

Acute Effects of Posture Shirts on Rounded-Shoulder and Forward-Head Posture in College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Manor ◽  
Elizabeth Hibberd ◽  
Meredith Petschauer ◽  
Joseph Myers
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
History Of

Context:Rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture can be contributing factors to shoulder pain. Corrective techniques such as manual therapy and exercise have been shown to improve these altered postures, but there is little evidence that corrective garments such as posture shirts can alter posture.Objectives:To determine the acute effects of corrective postureshirt use on rounded-shoulder and forward-head posture in asymptomatic college students.Design:Repeated-measures intervention study with counterbalanced conditions.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:24 members of the general student body of a university, 18–25 y old, with a forward shoulder angle (FSA) >52° and no history of upper-extremity surgery, scoliosis, active shoulder pain, or shoulder pain in the previous 3 mo that restricted participation for 3 consecutive days.Interventions:Photographic posture assessment under a control condition, under a sham or treatment condition (counterbalanced), under another control condition, and treatment or sham.Main Outcome Measures:FSA and forward head angle (FHA) calculated from a lateral photograph.Results:FSA decreased relative to the control condition while participants wore the sham shirt (P = .029) but not the corrective posture shirt (P = 1.00). FHA was unchanged between groups (P = .371).Conclusions:Application of a corrective posture shirt did not acutely alter FSA or FHA, while application of a sham shirt may decrease FSA at rest.

Temporal Influences of Functional Knee Bracing on Torque Production of the Lower Extremity

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Brian Campbell ◽  
James Yaggie ◽  
Daniel Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Context:Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee.Objective:To determine if alterations in select lower extremity moments persist throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals.Design:2X5 repeated measures design.Setting:Biomechanics Laboratory.Subjects:Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups.Intervention:A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments.Main Outcome Measures:Synchronized three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected at 20-minute increments to assess the effect of the FKB on select lower extremity moments and vertical ground reaction forces.Results:Increase in hip moment and a decrease in knee moment were noted immediately after brace application and appeared to persist throughout a one hour bout of exercise.Conclusions:The FKB and the exercise intervention caused decreases in knee joint moments and increases in hip joint moments.

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