scholarly journals Can a Single-Leg Squat Provide Insight into Movement Control and Loading During Dynamic Sporting Actions in Patients With Athletic Groin Pain?

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Marshall ◽  
Andrew D. Franklyn-Miller ◽  
Kieran A. Moran ◽  
Enda A. King ◽  
Siobhán C. Strike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Field Sports

Context:Chronic athletic groin pain (AGP) is common in field sports and has been associated with abnormal movement control and loading of the hip and pelvis during play. A single-leg squat (SLS) is commonly used by clinicians to assess movement control, but whether it can provide insight into control during more dynamic sporting movements in AGP patients is unclear.Objective:To determine the relationships between biomechanical measures in an SLS and the same measures in a single-leg drop landing, single-leg hurdle hop, and a cutting maneuver in AGP patients.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Patients:40 recreational field-sports players diagnosed with AGP.Intervention:A biomechanical analysis of each individual’s SLS, drop landing, hurdle hop, and cut was undertaken.Main Outcome Measures:Hip, knee, and pelvis angular displacement and hip and knee peak moments. Pearson product–moment correlations were used to examine relationships between SLS measures and equivalent measures in the other movements.Results:There were no significant correlations between any hip or pelvis measure in the SLS with the same measures in the drop landing, hurdle hop, or cut (r = .03–.43, P > .05). Knee frontal- and transverse-plane angular displacement were related in the SLS and drop landing only, while knee moments were related in the SLS, drop-landing, and hurdle hop (r = .50–.67, P < .05).Conclusion:For AGP patients, an SLS did not provide meaningful insight into hip and pelvis control or loading during sporting movements that are associated with injury development. The usefulness of an SLS test in the assessment of movement control and loading in AGP patients is thus limited. The SLS provided moderate insight into knee control while landing and therefore may be of use in the examination of knee-injury risk.

Influence of External Ankle Support on Lower Extremity Joint Mechanics During Drop Landings

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Cordova ◽  
Yosuke Takahashi ◽  
Gregory M. Kress ◽  
Jody B. Brucker ◽  
Alfred E. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Joint Displacement ◽  
Ankle Support ◽  
Drop Landings

Objective:To investigate the effects of external ankle support (EAS) on lower extremity joint mechanics and vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRF) during drop landings.Design:A 1 × 3 repeated-measures, crossover design.Setting:Biomechanics research laboratory.Patients:13 male recreationally active basketball players (age 22.3 ± 2.2 y, height 177.5 ± 7.5 cm, mass 72.2 ± 11.4 kg) free from lower extremity pathology for the 12 mo before the study.Interventions:Subjects performed a 1-legged drop landing from a standardized height under 3 different ankle-support conditions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip, knee, and ankle angular displacement along with specific temporal (TGRFz1, TGRFz2; s) and spatial (GRFz1, GRFz2; body-weight units [BW]) characteristics of the VGRF vector were measured during a drop landing.Results:The tape condition (1.08 ± 0.09 BW) demonstrated less GRFz1 than the control (1.28 ± 0.16 BW) and semirigid conditions (1.28 ± 0.21 BW; P < .0001), and GRFz2 was unaffected. For TGRFz1, no-support displayed slower time (0.017 ± 0.004 s) than the semirigid (0.014 ± 0.001 s) and tape conditions (0.014 ± 0.002 s; P < .05). For TGRFz2, no-support displayed slower time (0.054 ±.006 s) than the semirigid (0.050 ± 0.006 s) and tape conditions (0.045 ± 0.004 s; P < .05). Semirigid bracing was slower than the tape condition, as well (P < .05). Ankle-joint displacement was less in the tape (34.6° ± 7.7°) and semirigid (36.8° ± 9.3°) conditions than in no-support (45.7° ± 7.3°; P < .05). Knee-joint displacement was larger in the no-support (45.1° ± 9.0°) than in the semirigid (42.6° ± 6.8°; P < .05) condition. Tape support (43.8° ± 8.7°) did not differ from the semirigid condition (P > .05). Hip angular displacement was not affected by EAS (F2,24 = 1.47, P = .25).Conclusions:EAS reduces ankle- and knee-joint displacement, which appear to influence the spatial and temporal characteristics of GRFz1 during drop landings.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between 2-Dimensional Knee-Valgus Angles During Single-Leg Squat, Single-Leg-Land, and Drop-Jump Screening Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Munro ◽  
Lee Herrington ◽  
Paul Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
National League ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) are a significant problem in female athletes. A number of screening tasks have been used in the literature to identify those at greatest risk of injury. To date, no study has examined the relationship in 2-dimensional (2D) knee valgus between common screening tasks to determine whether individuals exhibit similar movement patterns across tasks.Objective:To establish whether frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) during the single-leg squat (SLS), single-leg land (SLL), and drop jump (DJ) are related.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:52 national-league female football players and 36 national-league female basketball players.Main Outcome Measures:2D FPPA during the SLS, SLL, and DJ screening tasks.Results:Significant correlations were found between tasks. FPPA in the SLS was significantly correlated with SLL (r = .52) and DJ (r = .30), whereas FPPA in the SLL was also significantly correlated to DJ (r = .33). FPPA was significantly greater in the SLS than in the SLL (P < .001) and DJ (P < .001) and in the SLL than in the DJ (P < .001).Conclusion:The results showed that 2D FPPA is correlated across the SLS, SLL, and DJ tasks. However, significantly greater FPPA values in the unilateral tasks suggest that the DJ may not identify risk of injury in sports where primary injury mechanisms are during unilateral loading tasks. Therefore, it is recommended that both unilateral and bilateral tasks be included when screening for ACL and PFJ injury risk.

scholarly journals Conservative management acutely improves functional movement and clinical outcomes in patients with pre-arthritic hip pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P McGovern ◽  
RobRoy L Martin ◽  
Amy L Phelps ◽  
Benjamin R Kivlan ◽  
Beth Nickel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract Conservative management for individuals with pre-arthritic hip pain is commonly prescribed prior to consideration of surgical management. The purpose of this study is to determine if patients with pre-arthritic hip pain will improve their functional movement control and clinical outcome measures following the implementation of physical therapy and a home-exercise programme. Information was retrospectively collected on consecutive patients and included: demographics, diagnosis, initial and follow-up evaluation of the single leg squat test (SLST) and step-down test (SDT), and patient-reported outcome measures. An independent t-test and one-way analysis of covariance were performed for continuous patient-reported outcome measures and a Fisher’s exact test was performed for patient satisfaction. Forty-six patients (31 female and 15 male) diagnosed with pre-arthritic hip pain were included. A total of 30 patients improved their functional movement control during performance of the SLST, whereas 31 patients improved performance of the SDT. There was a statistically significant difference between patients that improved and did not improve (P ≤ 0.017). Patients with pre-arthritic hip pain who improved their functional movement control following a prescribed rehabilitation intervention are likely to report less pain and greater functional ability in their daily and sports-related activities. This study supports conservative management to acutely improve outcomes for patients with pre-arthritic hip pain.

Single Leg Squat Test and Its Relationship to Dynamic Knee Valgus and Injury Risk Screening

PM&R ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Ugalde ◽  
Chuck Brockman ◽  
Zach Bailowitz ◽  
Christine D. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Single Leg Squat

Assessment and Training of Visuomotor Reaction Time for Football Injury Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Wilkerson ◽  
Kevin A. Simpson ◽  
Ryan A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
And Training

Context:Neurocognitive reaction time has been associated with musculoskeletal injury risk, but visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) derived from tests that present greater challenges to visual stimulus detection and motor response execution may have a stronger association.Objective:To assess VMRT as a predictor of injury and the extent to which improvement may result from VMRT training.Design:Cohort study.Setting:University athletic performance center.Participants:76 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I FCS football players (19.5 ± 1.4 y, 1.85 ± 0.06 m, 102.98 ± 19.06 kg).Interventions:Preparticipation and postseason assessments. A subset of players who exhibited slowest VMRT in relation to the cohort’s postseason median value participated in a 6-wk training program.Main Outcome Measures:Injury occurrence was related to preparticipation VMRT, which was represented by both number of target hits in 60 s and average elapsed time between hits (ms). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the optimum cut point for a binary injury risk classification. A nonparametric repeated-measures analysis of ranks procedure was used to compare posttraining VMRT values for slow players who completed at least half of the training sessions (n = 15) with those for untrained fast players (n = 27).Results:A preparticipation cut point of ≤85 hits (≥705 ms) discriminated injured from noninjured players with odds ratio = 2.30 (90% confidence interval, 1.05–5.06). Slow players who completed the training exhibited significant improvement in visuomotor performance compared with baseline (standardized response mean = 2.53), whereas untrained players exhibited a small performance decrement (group × trial interaction effect, L2 = 28.74; P < .001).Conclusions:Slow VMRT appears to be an important and modifiable injury risk factor for college football players. More research is needed to refine visuomotor reaction-time screening and training methods and to determine the extent to which improved performance values can reduce injury incidence.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation interventions need more than methodological standardisation: an individualised approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000899
Author(s):  
Neil Welch ◽  
Chris Richter ◽  
Kieran Moran ◽  
Andy Franklyn-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
Group Rehabilitation

Objectives: The main aim in the current study was to use a single-subject analysis to profile the physical performance characteristics of individuals within an injured group and a between-group approach to profile the group as a whole. These profiles were then used to inform single-subject and between-group rehabilitation interventions. Methods: Fifty-three (28 with athletic groin pain and 25 non-injured) Gaelic football players (24.8 years±7.1 years; 179 cm±5.5 cm; 79.7 kg±9.2 kg) underwent 3D biomechanical analysis, which was used to measure a series of physical performance characteristics. The non-injured group was used to create a ‘performance database’ to compare the injured individuals, and a between-group analysis was also conducted. The scores from each analysis were used to inform the targets of interventions. Results: The analysis highlighted the variety of profiles that existed across the tested individuals and that these profiles differed from that of the between-group analysis. By analysing individuals in a single-subject approach, detail can be seen that is lost with between-group analysis.

Associations Between Single-Leg Postural Control and Drop-Landing Mechanics in Healthy Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Durall ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek ◽  
Melissa Kersten ◽  
Maria Nitz ◽  
Jonathan Setz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Landing Mechanics ◽  
Knee Abduction

Context:Impaired postural control in single-limb stance and aberrant drop-landing mechanics have been implicated separately as risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but associations between these variables has not been reported.Objective:To determine whether there are associations between single-limb postural control and drop-landing mechanics.Setting:University motion-analysis laboratory.Design:Single-leg-landing kinematic and kinetic data were collected after participants dropped from a hang bar. Postural-control variables COP excursion and velocity were assessed during single-leg barefoot standing on a force platform.Participants:A convenience sample of 24 healthy women.Main Outcome Measures:Pearson product–moment correlation coefficients.Results:Strong associations were measured between maximal knee-abduction moment and COP excursion (r = .529, P = .003) and average COP velocity (r = .529, P = .003). Strong inverse associations were measured between minimum hip-flexion angle and COP excursion (r = −.521, P = .003) and average COP velocity (r = −.519, P = .003).Conclusions:Participants with decreased postural control had higher knee-abduction moments and a more extended hip on landing, which have been implicated separately as risk factors for ACL injury. A longitudinal prospective analysis is needed to determine whether force-platform postural-control measures can identify athletes at risk for ACL injury.

Achilles Tendon Adaptation During Transition to a Minimalist Running Style

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Joseph ◽  
Katherine Histen ◽  
Julia Arntsen ◽  
Lauren L’Hereux ◽  
Carmine Defeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Transition Program ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometry ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Tendon Adaptation ◽  
Time Point

Context:Achilles tendons (ATs) adapt to increased loading generated by long-term adoption of a minimalist shoe running style. There may be difference in the chronology and extent of adaptation between the sexes.Objective:To learn the chronology of AT adaptations in female and male runners who transitioned to a minimalist running style through a planned, progressive 12-wk transition program.Design:Prospective cohort study of well-trained, traditionally shod runners who transitioned to minimalist shoe running.Setting:Repeated laboratory assessment at baseline and 3, 12, and 24 wk after initiating transition program.Participants:Fifteen women and 7 men (of 29 enrolled) completed the study.Main Outcome Measures:The authors used diagnostic ultrasound and isokinetic dynamometry to generate a force elongation curve and its derivatives at each time point.Results:Greater adaptations were observed in men than in women, with men generating more force and having greater increases in CSA, stiffness, and Young’s modulus and less elongation after 12 wk of training.Conclusion:Men demonstrated changes in AT properties that were consistent with increased loading of the triceps surae during exercise. The women demonstrated far smaller changes. Further investigation is warranted to understand when adaptations may occur in women and the implications of altered AT mechanical properties for performance and injury risk.

Kinematic and kinetic changes in a single leg drop landing task following athletic groin pain rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e31
Author(s):  
C. Richter ◽  
B. Marshall ◽  
A. Franklin-Miller ◽  
E. King ◽  
E. Falvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groin Pain ◽  
Drop Landing
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