Difference in Functional Performance on the Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test Between High School Baseball Players and Wrestlers

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Myers ◽  
Mary Poletti ◽  
Robert J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Composite Scores

Context:The Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ) is a unique movement test where individuals perform at the limits of their stability, requiring the coordination of balance, proprioception, range of motion, and stabilization. It is not yet clear if performance on the YBT-UQ differs between sports with dissimilar emphasis on upper-extremity performance.Objective:To compare performance on the YBT-UQ between wrestlers, whose sport requires some degree of closed-chain activity, and baseball players, whose sport is primarily open kinetic chain in nature.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:High school preparticipation physical assessment.Participants:24 healthy high school male wrestlers (mean age 16.12 ± 1.24 y) and 24 healthy high school male baseball players (mean age 15.79 ± 1.25 y).Interventions:All subjects performed the YBT-UQ, which requires reaching in 3 directions while maintaining a push-up position.Main Outcome Measures:The variables of interest include the maximum reach in each direction, as well as the composite score. In addition, asymmetries between limbs for each reach direction were compared.Results:Wrestlers performed significantly better than baseball players in the medial direction, inferolateral direction, and in composite scores. In the medial direction, wrestlers exhibited greater scores (P < .01) on both left and right limbs, 10.5 ± 10.2%LL and 9.95 ± 10.2%LL, respectively. Significant differences (P < .01) were also observed in the inferolateral direction, with a difference of 11.3 ± 12.0%LL on the left and 8.7 ± 11.0%LL on the right. Composite scores were higher (P < .01) for the wrestlers, with a difference of 7.0% on the left and 7.1% on the right.Conclusions:This study suggests that wrestlers perform better on the YBT-UQ than baseball players. The findings may suggest sport-specific normative data for the YBT-UQ in high school athletes.

Improvement in Dynamic Balance and Core Endurance After a 6-Week Core-Stability-Training Program in High School Track and Field Athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Sandrey ◽  
Jonathan G. Mitzel
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
The Right

Context:Core training specifically for track and field athletes is vague, and it is not clear how it affects dynamic balance and core-endurance measures.Objective:To determine the effects of a 6-week core-stabilization-training program for high school track and field athletes on dynamic balance and core endurance.Design:Test–retest.Setting:High school in north central West Virginia.Participants:Thirteen healthy high school student athletes from 1 track and field team volunteered for the study.Interventions:Subjects completed pretesting 1 wk before data collection. They completed a 6-wk core-stabilization program designed specifically for track and field athletes. The program consisted of 3 levels with 6 exercises per level and lasted for 30 min each session 3 times per week. Subjects progressed to the next level at 2-wk intervals. After 6 wk, posttesting was conductedMain Outcome Measures:The subjects were evaluated using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for posteromedial (PM), medial (M), and anteromedial (AM) directions; abdominal-fatigue test (AFT); back-extensor test (BET); and side-bridge test (SBT) for the right and left sides.Results:Posttest results significantly improved for all 3 directions of the SEBT (PM, M, and AM), AFT, BET, right SBT, and left SBT. Effect size was large for all variables except for PM and AM, where a moderate effect was noted. Minimal-detectable-change scores exceeded the error of the measurements for all dependent variables.Conclusion:After the 6-wk core-stabilization-training program, measures of the SEBT, AFT, BET, and SBT improved, thus advocating the use of this core-stabilization-training program for track and field athletes.

scholarly journals Function, strength, and muscle activation of the shoulder complex in Crossfit practitioners with and without pain: a cross-sectional observational study

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Raulino Silva ◽  
Nicola Maffulli ◽  
Filippo Migliorini ◽  
Gilmar Moraes Santos ◽  
Fábio Sprada de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Abstract Background The shoulder joint is the most commonly injured joint in CrossFit practitioners, because of the high intensity and loads associated with this sport. Despite the large number of clinical cases, there is a shortage of studies that investigate influence of biomechanical aspects of upper limbs' injuries on CrossFit practitioners. This study hypothesized that there would be a difference in function, strength, and muscle activation between Crossfit practitioners with and without shoulder pain. Methods We divided 79 Crossfit practitioners into two groups according to whether they reported pain (n = 29) or no pain (n = 50) in the shoulder during Crossfit training. Muscle function, strength, and activation were assessed using the Disability Arm, Shoulder and Hand function questionnaire, Upper Quarter Y Balance Test and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test shoulder tests, isometric muscle strength assessment by manual dynamometry and muscle activation by surface electromyography and pain report. Results The function based on questionnaire was associated with pain (p = 0.004). We observed a statistically significant difference between the two groups only in the surface electromyography activity of the lower trapezius, and in the variables of shoulder pain and function (p = 0.038). Conclusion Crossfit practitioners with shoulder pain occurring during training showed good function and stability of the shoulder joint, but there was a reduction in the activation of stabilizing muscles, especially the lower trapezius. Trial registration Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinico (Brasilian National Registry) with the ID: RBR-2gycyv.

Immediate Effects of Limb Rotational Kinesio Tape Application on Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Scores

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alyssa Dittmer ◽  
David Tomchuk ◽  
David R. Fontenot
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kinesio Tape ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Tape Group

Context: Rounded shoulder posture is a common problem in the athletic population. Recently Kinesio tape has been utilized to improve balance, proprioception, and posture. However, the literature has been unable to provide definitive answers on the efficacy of Kinesio tape use. Objective: To determine the immediate effect of the limb rotational Kinesio tape application on the dynamic balance and proprioception of the shoulder measured by the Y-Balance Upper Quarter Test (YBT-UQ) in male collegiate athletes. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory.Participants: Nineteen healthy male collegiate National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics athletes (including rodeo, baseball, football, and soccer) with a mean age of 19.8 (1.4) years. Interventions: Subjects were randomized into Kinesio tape and non-Kinesio tape groups. The limb rotational Kinesio tape application was applied to the Kinesio tape group, while the non-Kinesio tape group received no intervention. Each group performed the YBT-UQ, which requires reaching in 3 directions in a push-up position, before and after the randomized intervention on a single day. Main Outcome Measures: The variables of interest included the maximum reach distance in each of the 3 directions and the composite score for both trials between the Kinesio tape and non-Kinesio tape groups. Each score was normalized against the subject’s limb length. Results: No statistically significant improvements in any YBT-UQ scores were observed following either the Kinesio tape or non-Kinesio tape intervention. Conclusions: Applying the limb rotational Kinesio tape technique did not improve immediate YBT-UQ scores in a male collegiate athletic population with rounded shoulder posture. The use of Kinesio tape to improve immediate closed kinetic chain function in male collegiate athletes with rounded shoulder posture cannot be supported.

Differences on the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test in High School, College and Professional Baseball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
Robert J. Butler ◽  
Garett Bullock ◽  
Todd W. Arnold ◽  
Philip J. Plisky ◽  
Robin M. Queen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Baseball Players

Association of Ankle Kinematics and Performance on the Y-Balance Test With Inclinometer Measurements on the Weight-Bearing-Lunge Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kang ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion has often been measured in the weight-bearing condition in the clinical setting; however, little is known about the relationship between the weight-bearing-lunge test (WBLT) and both ankle kinematics and performance on dynamic postural-control tests.Objective:To examine whether ankle kinematics and performance on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) are correlated with results of the WBLT using an inclinometer and tape measure.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:University motionanalysis laboratory.Participants:30 physically active participants.Interventions:None.Main Outcome Measures:The WBLT was evaluated using an inclinometer and a tape measure. The reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on the YBT-LQ were normalized by limb length. Ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ was recorded using a 3-dimensional motion-analysis system. Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the WBLT results and both ankle dorsiflexion and the normalized reach distance in each direction on the YBT-LQ.Results:The WBLT results were significantly correlated with ankle dorsiflexion in all directions on the YBT-LQ (P < .05). A strong correlation was found between the inclinometer measurement of the WBLT and ankle dorsiflexion (r = .74, r2 = .55), whereas the tape-measure results on the WBLT were moderately correlated with ankle dorsiflexion (r = .64, r2 = .40) during the anterior reach on the YBT-LQ. Only the normalized anterior reach distance was significantly correlated with the results for the inclinometer (r = .68, r2 = .46) and the tape measure (r = .64, r2 = .41) on the WBLT.Conclusions:Inclinometer measurements on the WBLT can be an appropriate tool for predicting the amount of ankle dorsiflexion during the YBT-LQ. Furthermore, WBLT should be measured in those who demonstrate poor dynamic balance.

scholarly journals Assessment of balance, gait, lower limb strength and functionality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic elderlies

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alice Martins Magalhães ◽  
Daniella Macedo Cerceau ◽  
Kênia Kiefer Parreiras de Menezes ◽  
Gabriela Vieira Oliveira ◽  
Bárbara Batista Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Lower Limb Strength

Background: Sarcopenia is the involuntary loss of muscle mass predicted by aging and is associated with an increased likelihood ofunfavorable results, such as falls, mortality and functional disabilities. Objective: Evaluate balance, gait speed, lower limb strength andfunctionality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 68 subjects aged 60 years orover, residents of the community and possessing an independent gait. The assessment instruments were bioimpedance, balance test,four-meter gait speed test, chair support test and SPPB. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the population of the present studywas 43.3%. In the group of non-sarcopenic subjects, a correlation was found between all the variables evaluated. In the group ofsarcopenic subjects, a correlation was found between lower limbs strength and gait speed. Conclusion: The skeletal muscle mass ofa sarcopenic elderly is related to their lower limb strength and gait speed, but it does not present a significant correlation with balanceand functional performance. Further studies are needed to clarify the behavior of balance, gait speed, lower limb strength and functionalperformance variables when compared to the decrease in muscle mass inherent in aging.

Effect of Gender on the Quadriceps-to-Hamstrings Coactivation Ratio During Different Exercises

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulcan Harput ◽  
A. Ruhi Soylu ◽  
Hayri Ertan ◽  
Nevin Ergun ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Interaction ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Coactivation Ratios ◽  
Balance Board

Context:Coactivation ratio of quadriceps to hamstring muscles (Q:H) and medial to lateral knee muscles (M:L) contributes to the dynamic stability of the knee joint during movement patterns recommended during rehabilitation and important for daily function.Objective:To compare the quadriceps-to-hamstring and medial-to-lateral knee muscles' coactivation ratios between men and women during the following closed kinetic chain exercises performed on a balance board: forward lunge, side lunge, single-leg stance, and single-leg squat.Design:Cross-sectional.Participants:20 healthy subjects (10 female and 10 male).Main Outcome Measures:Surface electromyography was used to measure the activation level of quadriceps (vastus lateralis and medialis) and hamstrings (biceps femoris and medial hamstrings) during forward- and side-lunge, single-leg-stance, and single-leg-squat exercises. Subjects were instructed during each exercise to move into the test position and to hold that position for 15 s. EMG was recorded during the 15-s isometric period where subjects tried to maintain a “set” position while the foot was on a balance board. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results:There was a significant exercise-by-gender interaction for Q:H ratio (F3,48 = 6.63, P = .001), but the exercise-by-gender interaction for M:L ratio was not significant (F3,48 = 1.67, P = .18). Women showed larger Q:H ratio in side-lunge exercises than men (P = .002). Both genders showed larger M:L and lower Q:H ratio in a single-leg-stance exercise than in the other exercises.Conclusions:The results indicate that the forward- and side-lunge and single-leg-squat exercises should not be recommended as exercise where a balanced coactivation between quadriceps and hamstring muscles is warranted. Single-leg-stance exercise could be used when seeking an exercise where the ratio is balanced for both women and men.

Effects of a 4-Week Biomechanical Ankle Platform System Protocol on Balance in High School Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Spencer Cain ◽  
Stacy Watt Garceau ◽  
Shelley W. Linens
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Platform System

Context:Chronic ankle instability (CAI) describes the residual symptoms present after repetitive ankle sprains. Current rehabilitation programs in the high school population focus on a multistation approach or general lower-extremity injury-prevention program. Specific rehabilitation techniques for CAI have not been established.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of a 4-wk biomechanical ankle platform system (BAPS) board protocol on the balance of high school athletes with CAI.Design:Randomized control trial.Setting:Athletic training facility.Patients:Twenty-two high school athletes with “giving way” and a history of ankle sprains (ie, CAI) were randomized into a rehabilitation (REH) (166.23 ± 0.93 cm, 67.0 ± 9.47 kg, 16.45 ± 0.93 y) or control (CON) (173.86 ± 8.88 cm, 84.51 ± 21.28 kg, 16.55 ± 1.29 y) group.Interventions:After baseline measures, the REH group completed a progressive BAPS rehabilitation program (3 times/wk for 4 wk), whereas the CON group had no intervention. Each session consisted of 5 trials of clockwise/counterclockwise rotations changing direction every 10 s during each 40-s trial. After 4 wk, baseline measurements were repeated.Main Outcome Measures:Dependent measures included longest time (time-in-balance test), average number of errors (foot lift test), average reach distance (cm) normalized to leg length for each reach direction (Star Excursion Balance Test [SEBT]), and fastest time (side hop test [SHT]).Results:Significant group-by-time interactions were found for TIB (F1,20 = 9.89, P = .005), FLT (F1,20 = 41.18, P < .001), SEBT-anteromedial (F1,20 = 5.34, P = .032), SEBT-medial (F1,20 = 7.51, P = .013), SEBT-posteromedial (F1,20 = 12.84, P = .002), and SHT (F1,20 = 7.50, P = .013). Post hoc testing showed that the REH group improved performance on all measures at posttest, whereas the CON group did not.Conclusion:A 4-wk BAPS rehabilitation protocol improved balance in high school athletes suffering from CAI. These results can allow clinicians to rehabilitate in a focused manner by using 1 rehabilitation tool that allows benefits to be accomplished in a shorter time.

Relationship between Closed-Linear-Kinetic-and Open-Kinetic-Chain Isokinetic Strength and Lower Extremity Functional Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kovaleski ◽  
Robert J. Heitman ◽  
Damon P.S. Andrew ◽  
Larry R. Gurchiek ◽  
Albert W. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Linear Kinetic

Context:Isokinetic strength and functional performance are used to assess recovery after rehabilitation. It is not known whether low-speed closed-linear-kinetic isokinetic muscle strength correlates with functional performance.Objective:To investigate the relationship between linear closed (CKC) and open (OKC) concentric isokinetic strength of the dominant lower-limb extensors and functional performance.Design:Correlational analysis.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Thirty uninjured men and women (age = 20.9 ± 2.4 years).Main Outcome Measures:Peak CKC and OKC isokinetic strength and best score from a shuttle run for time, single-leg vertical jump, and single-leg hop for distance.Results:Neither lower-limb CKC nor OKC isokinetic strength measured at low speeds correlated highly with performance on the functional tasks of jumping, hopping, and speed/agility.Conclusions:Although the basis of both closed and open isokinetic strength must be appreciated, they should not be the only determinants of functional performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine in patients with epilepsy: a single-centre, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e024144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Xiangmiao Qiu ◽  
Yajiao Li ◽  
Yucheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between right-to-left shunt and migraine to account for the unexplained high prevalence of migraine in patients with epilepsy.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study. The diagnosis and interview process of patients with migraine was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta in patients with epilepsy. Participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with contrast medium to identify right-to-left shunt. The highest number of microbubbles were recorded in the left atrium before the complete microbubble outflow of the right atrium. A moderate-to-large shunt was defined as the presence of 10 or more microbubbles.SettingA single-centre, cross-sectional study in China, 2015–2017.ParticipantsPatients with epilepsy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the prevalence of migraine, the prevalence of right-to-left shunt in patients with migraine and those without migraine, and the prevalence of migraine in different degrees of shunting.ResultsThree hundred thirty-nine participants with epilepsy who completed TTE were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of migraine was 23.0%. One-third of the migraineurs had mild right-to-left shunt and one-fifth of the migraineurs had moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt. Patients with mild shunt did not have a higher prevalence of migraine than those without shunt (26.3% vs 18.1%, p=0.102); however, a higher prevalence of migraine was found in patients with moderate-to-large shunt (39.0% vs 18.1%, OR=2.90, 95% CI=1.41 to 5.98, p=0.003). Patients with migraine and patients without migraine had similar prevalence of mild shunt; however, patients with migraine had more moderate-to-large shunt (20.5% vs 9.6%, p=0.002). Right-to-left shunt and female were factors predicting migraine prevalence.ConclusionsOne-fifth of migraineurs were correlated with moderate-to-large right-to-left shunt which could be an underlying cause of migraine in epilepsy.

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