Relationship between Closed-Linear-Kinetic-and Open-Kinetic-Chain Isokinetic Strength and Lower Extremity Functional Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kovaleski ◽  
Robert J. Heitman ◽  
Damon P.S. Andrew ◽  
Larry R. Gurchiek ◽  
Albert W. Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Linear Kinetic

Context:Isokinetic strength and functional performance are used to assess recovery after rehabilitation. It is not known whether low-speed closed-linear-kinetic isokinetic muscle strength correlates with functional performance.Objective:To investigate the relationship between linear closed (CKC) and open (OKC) concentric isokinetic strength of the dominant lower-limb extensors and functional performance.Design:Correlational analysis.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Thirty uninjured men and women (age = 20.9 ± 2.4 years).Main Outcome Measures:Peak CKC and OKC isokinetic strength and best score from a shuttle run for time, single-leg vertical jump, and single-leg hop for distance.Results:Neither lower-limb CKC nor OKC isokinetic strength measured at low speeds correlated highly with performance on the functional tasks of jumping, hopping, and speed/agility.Conclusions:Although the basis of both closed and open isokinetic strength must be appreciated, they should not be the only determinants of functional performance.

Difference in Functional Performance on the Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test Between High School Baseball Players and Wrestlers

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Myers ◽  
Mary Poletti ◽  
Robert J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Composite Scores

Context:The Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ) is a unique movement test where individuals perform at the limits of their stability, requiring the coordination of balance, proprioception, range of motion, and stabilization. It is not yet clear if performance on the YBT-UQ differs between sports with dissimilar emphasis on upper-extremity performance.Objective:To compare performance on the YBT-UQ between wrestlers, whose sport requires some degree of closed-chain activity, and baseball players, whose sport is primarily open kinetic chain in nature.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:High school preparticipation physical assessment.Participants:24 healthy high school male wrestlers (mean age 16.12 ± 1.24 y) and 24 healthy high school male baseball players (mean age 15.79 ± 1.25 y).Interventions:All subjects performed the YBT-UQ, which requires reaching in 3 directions while maintaining a push-up position.Main Outcome Measures:The variables of interest include the maximum reach in each direction, as well as the composite score. In addition, asymmetries between limbs for each reach direction were compared.Results:Wrestlers performed significantly better than baseball players in the medial direction, inferolateral direction, and in composite scores. In the medial direction, wrestlers exhibited greater scores (P < .01) on both left and right limbs, 10.5 ± 10.2%LL and 9.95 ± 10.2%LL, respectively. Significant differences (P < .01) were also observed in the inferolateral direction, with a difference of 11.3 ± 12.0%LL on the left and 8.7 ± 11.0%LL on the right. Composite scores were higher (P < .01) for the wrestlers, with a difference of 7.0% on the left and 7.1% on the right.Conclusions:This study suggests that wrestlers perform better on the YBT-UQ than baseball players. The findings may suggest sport-specific normative data for the YBT-UQ in high school athletes.

Functional Isokinetic Strength Ratios in Baseball Players With Injured Elbows

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Chou Lin ◽  
Angela Thompson ◽  
Jung-Tang Kung ◽  
Liang-Wei Chieh ◽  
Shih-Wei Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Injury Status

Context:Elbow injuries are widely reported among baseball players. The elbow is susceptible to injury when elbow-flexor and -extensor forces are imbalanced during pitching or throwing. Assessment of muscle-strength ratios may prove useful for diagnosing elbow injury.Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the elbow-flexor and -extensor functional isokinetic ratios and elbow injury in baseball players.Design:Retrospective study.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:College baseball players with (n = 9) and without (n = 12) self-reported elbow pain or loss of strength were recruited.Intervention and Main Outcome Measures:Trials were conducted using a dynamometer to assess dominant-arm flexor and extensor concentric and eccentric strength at angular velocities of 60° and 240°/s. Functional isokinetic ratios were calculated and compared between groups.Results:Regression analysis revealed that a ratio of biceps concentric to triceps concentric strength greater than 0.76 (the median value) significantly predicted elbow injury (P = .01, odds ratio of injury = 24). No other ratios or variables (including position played) were predictive of injury status.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the ratio of biceps concentric to triceps concentric functional strength strongly predicts elbow-injury status in baseball players. Assessment of this ratio may prove useful in a practical setting for training purposes and both injury diagnosis and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals How Do Somatosensory Deficits in the Arm and Hand Relate to Upper Limb Impairment, Activity, and Participation Problems After Stroke? A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1220-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Meyer ◽  
Auli H. Karttunen ◽  
Vincent Thijs ◽  
Hilde Feys ◽  
Geert Verheyden
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Relationship

Background The association between somatosensory impairments and outcome after stroke remains unclear. Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature on the relationship between somatosensory impairments in the upper limb and outcome after stroke. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception until July 2013. Study Selection Studies were included if adult patients with stroke (minimum n=10) were examined with reliable and valid measures of somatosensation in the upper limb to investigate the relationship with upper limb impairment, activity, and participation measures. Exclusion criteria included measures of somatosensation involving an overall score for upper and lower limb outcome and articles including only lower limb outcomes. Data Extraction Eligibility assessment, data extraction, and quality evaluation were completed by 2 independent reviewers. A cutoff score of ≥65% of the maximal quality score was used for further inclusion in this review. Data Synthesis Six articles met all inclusion criteria. Two-point discrimination was shown to be predictive for upper limb dexterity, and somatosensory evoked potentials were shown to have predictive value in upper limb motor recovery. Proprioception was significantly correlated with perceived level of physical activity and social isolation and had some predictive value in functional movements of the upper limb. Finally, the combination of light touch and proprioception impairment was shown to be significantly related to upper limb motor recovery as well as handicap situations during activities of daily living. Limitations Heterogeneity of the included studies warrants caution when interpreting results. Conclusions Large variation in results was found due to heterogeneity of the studies. However, somatosensory deficits were shown to have an important role in upper limb motor and functional performance after stroke.

scholarly journals Leg-Length in Relation to Selected Ballet Performance Indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Karpodini ◽  
MA Wyon ◽  
N Comoutos ◽  
Y Koutedakis
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships

It is unclear whether the modern ballet body stereotype of long limbs is advantageous in dance performance. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between leg-length and selected dance movements representative of power, dexterity, and range of motion in ballet dancers at different competence levels. METHODS: The total of 10 recreational, 24 vocational, and 10 professional ballerinas volunteered. They were subjected to: a) lower limb-length measurements, b) power tests (vertical jump-sautés and unilateral countermovement jump-temps levé), c) dexterity tests (tendus and double battement frappes), and d) flexibility tests (lateral active and passive-développé à la seconde). RESULTS: For power, regression analyses revealed negative leg-length relationships in recreational dancers (p<0.05) and positive leg-length relationships in vocational dancers (p<0.05). We also found negative relationships between leg-length and dexterity in the vocational group (p=0.01). No significant predictions of leg-length on power, dexterity, and range of motion were found in professional dancers. Multiple comparisons revealed significant differences between groups only for dexterity (p<0.01) and range of motion (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Based on selected movements representative of power, dexterity, and range of motion, the present exploratory data indicate that lower limb length is not a determinative criterion for ballet success. Further studies should investigate whether body stereotypes, such as long limbs, are linked to dance injuries.

Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Knee-Joint Reposition Sense and Functional Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Drouin ◽  
Peggy A. Houglum ◽  
David H. Perrin ◽  
Bruce M. Gansneder
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Objective:To determine the relationship between weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) joint reposition sense (JRS) and a functional hop test (FH) and to compare performance on these parameters between athletes and nonathletes.Design:Repeated-measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 men (age = 20.8 ± 1.7 y; ht = 176.9 ± 5.8 cm; wt = 82.6 ± 9.5 kg): 20 lacrosse players and 20 nonathletes.Main Outcome Measures:Ability to actively reproduce 30° of knee flexion in the WB and NWB conditions and functional performance on a single-leg crossover-hop test.Results:No significant correlations were observed between JRS and FH in athletes and nonathletes. No significant differences were observed between athletes and nonathletes in JRS. All participants were significantly more accurate at WB than at NWB JRS.Conclusions:There appears to be no relationship between WB or NWB JRS and functional performance, regardless of one’s physical activity level

Reference values for developing responsive functional outcome measures across the lifespan

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (16) ◽  
pp. 1512-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnee J. McKay ◽  
Jennifer N. Baldwin ◽  
Paulo Ferreira ◽  
Milena Simic ◽  
Natalie Vanicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Functional Outcome Measures

Objective:To generate a reference dataset of commonly performed functional outcome measures in 1,000 children and adults and investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric, strength, and flexibility characteristics.Methods:Twelve functional outcome measures were collected from 1,000 healthy individuals aged 3–101 years: 6-minute walk test, 30-second chair stand test, timed stairs test, long jump, vertical jump, choice stepping reaction time, balance (Star Excursion Balance Test, tandem stance eyes open and closed, single-leg stance eyes closed), and dexterity (9-hole peg test, Functional Dexterity Test). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with each measure.Results:Age- and sex-stratified reference values for functional outcome measures were generated. Functional performance increased through childhood and adolescence, plateaued during adulthood, and declined in older adulthood. While balance did not differ between the sexes, male participants generally performed better at gross motor tasks while female participants performed better at dexterous tasks. Height was the most consistent correlate of functional performance in children, while lower limb muscle strength was a major determinant in adolescents and adults. In older adults, age, lower limb strength, and joint flexibility explained up to 63% of the variance in functional measures.Conclusions:These normative reference values provide a framework to accurately track functional decline associated with neuromuscular disorders and assist development and validation of responsive outcome measures for therapeutic trials.

Upper-Extremity Functional Performance Tests: Reference Values for Overhead Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien Borms ◽  
Ann Cools
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to provide an age, gender and sport-based normative database for three functional shoulder tests: Y Balance Test – Upper Quarter (YBT-UQ), Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), and Seated Medicine Ball Throw (SMBT). A second aim was to discuss gender, age and sports differences. Finally, correlation between tests was evaluated. Overhead athletes (106 male, 100 female) between 18 and 50 years old and from three different sports (volleyball, tennis, handball) performed all functional tests. A linear mixed or regression model was applied to determine significant differences in test scores between gender, age and sports. Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the relationship between tests. Normative values were established and divided by gender, sports and age. Results showed significant gender and age differences for all tests. For YBT-UQ, also significant side and sports differences were recorded. CKCUEST is moderately correlated with SMBT and YBT-UQ. Weak correlation was found between SMBT and YBT-UQ. In conclusion, this study provides normative data for YBT-UQ, CKCUEST and SMBT, which is clinically relevant for functionally screening overhead athletes and benchmark their performance to others from the same gender, age and sports. A combination of included tests is recommended.

The Effect of Select Shoulder Exercises on Strength, Active Angle Reproduction, Single-Arm Balance, and Functional Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin A. Padua ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
William E. Prentice ◽  
Robert E. Schneider ◽  
Edgar W. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective:To determine whether select shoulder exercises influence shoulder-rotation strength, active angle reproduction (AAR), single-arm dynamic stability, and functional throwing performance in healthy individuals.Design:Pretest–posttest.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:54, randomly placed in 4 training groups.Intervention:Four 5-week training protocols.Main Outcome Measures:Average shoulder-rotation torque, AAR, single-arm dynamic stability, and functional throwing performance.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a significant group-by-test interaction for average torque (P> .05). Post hoc analyses revealed significantly increased average torque in the open kinetic chain and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) groups after training. AAR and sway velocity were not affected in any of the groups (P> .05), but functional performance revealed a significant group-by-test interaction (P< .05). Post hoc analysis demonstrated that the PNF group significantly improved after training (P< .05).Conclusions:Shoulder strength can be improved in healthy individuals, but improvements depend on the exercise performed. Shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control were unchanged in all groups, but functional performance improved in the PNF group

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