Return to Play in Elite Rugby Union: Application of Global Positioning System Technology in Return-to-Running Programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Reid ◽  
Jason R. Cowman ◽  
Brian S. Green ◽  
Garrett F. Coughlan
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Game Environment ◽  
Gps Devices

Global positioning systems (GPS) are widely used in sport settings to evaluate the physical demands on players in training and competition. The use of these systems in the design and implementation of rehabilitation and return-to-running programs has not yet been elucidated.Objective:To demonstrate the application of GPS technology in the management of return to play in elite-club Rugby Union.Design:Case series.Setting:Professional Rugby Union club team.Participants:8 elite Rugby Union players (age 27.86 ± 4.78 y, height 1.85 ± 0.08 m, weight 99.14 ± 9.96 kg).Intervention:Players wore GPS devices for the entire duration of a club game.Main Outcome Measures:Variables of locomotion speed and distance were measured.Results:Differences in physical demands between playing positions were observed for all variables.Conclusions:An analysis of the position-specific physical demands measured by GPS provides key information regarding the level and volume of loads sustained by a player in a game environment. Using this information, sports-medicine practitioners can develop rehabilitation and return-to-running protocols specific to the player position to optimize safe return to play.

Validity of 10-HZ GPS and Timing Gates for Assessing Maximum Velocity in Professional Rugby Union Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Joshua Darrall-Jones ◽  
Christopher Black ◽  
William Shaw ◽  
Kevin Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Timing Gate ◽  
Sprint Velocity ◽  
Over Time

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of timing gates and 10-Hz global positioning systems (GPS) units (Catapult Optimeye S5) against a criterion measure (50-Hz radar gun) for assessing maximum sprint velocity (Vmax).Methods:Nine male professional rugby union players performed 3 maximal 40-m sprints with 3 min rest between efforts with Vmax assessed simultaneously via timing gates, 10-Hz GPSOpen (Openfield software), GPSSprint (Sprint software), and radar gun. Eight players wore 3 GPS units, while 1 wore a single unit during each sprint.Results:When compared with the radar gun, mean biases for GPSOpen, GPSSprint, and timing gates were trivial, small, and small, respectively. The typical error of the estimate (TEE) was small for timing gate and GPSOpen while moderate for GPSSprint. Correlations with radar gun were nearly perfect for all measures. Mean bias, TEE, and correlations between GPS units were trivial, small, and nearly perfect, respectively, while a small TEE existed when GPSOpenfield was compared with GPSSprint.Conclusion:Based on these findings, both 10-Hz GPS and timing gates provide valid measures of 40-m Vmax assessment compared with a radar gun. However, as error did exist between measures, the same testing protocol should be used when assessing 40-m Vmax over time. Furthermore, in light of the above results, it is recommended that when assessing changes in GPS-derived Vmax over time, practitioners should use the same unit for each player and perform the analysis with the same software, preferably Catapult Openfield.

scholarly journals We know they train, but what do they do? Implications for coaches working with adolescent rugby union players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic J Phibbs ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Gregory AB Roe ◽  
Dale B Read ◽  
Joshua Darrall-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
School Club

Limited information is available regarding the training loads of adolescent rugby union players. One-hundred and seventy male players (age 16.1 ± 1.0 years) were recruited from 10 teams representing two age categories (under-16 and under-18) and three playing standards (school, club and academy). Global positioning systems, accelerometers, heart rate and session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) methods were used to quantify mean session training loads. Session demands differed between age categories and playing standards. Under-18 academy players were exposed to the highest session training loads in terms of s-RPE (236 ± 42 AU), total distance (4176 ± 433 m), high speed running (1270 ± 288 m) and PlayerLoad™ (424 ± 56 AU). Schools players had the lowest session training loads in both respective age categories. Training loads and intensities increased with age and playing standard. Individual monitoring of training load is key to enable coaches to maximise player development and minimise injury risk.

scholarly journals In-match physical demands on elite Japanese rugby union players using a global positioning system

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayato Yamamoto ◽  
Masanori Takemura ◽  
Junta Iguchi ◽  
Misato Tachibana ◽  
Junzo Tsujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Training Programmes

ObjectivesOur aim of this study was to quantify the physical demands of elite rugby union players by each position as a step towards designing position-specific training programme using a Global Positioning System/accelerometer system.MethodsThis study was performed as a retrospective observational study. Data were obtained from 45 official matches. The sample size used for the analysis was 298. The per-match total distances, accelerations and impacts were calculated and statistically compared for the forwards and backs and for individual positions.ResultsTotal distances for the forwards and backs were 5731.1±507.8 and 6392.1±646.8 m, respectively. The high-velocity running distances (>18.0 km/hour) covered by the forwards and backs were 317.4±136.9 and 715.0±242.9 m, respectively. The number of accelerations (>1.5 m/s2) for the forwards and backs were 76.3±18.9 and 100.8±19.6 times, respectively, and the number of high impacts (>10 g) were 48.0±46.9 and 35.6±28.3 times for the forwards and backs, respectively. All characteristics were significantly different between the forwards and backs (p<0.05). The per-position characteristics were also calculated. Within the backs, scrum half (SH) and wingers (WTBs) covered high-velocity running significantly higher distance than fly-half (SH d=2.571, WTBs d=1.556) and centres (SH d=1.299, WTBs d=0.685) (p<0.05).ConclusionBy clarifying the physical demands according to the positions, it will be possible to create optimised position-specific training programmes.

The Chronister Protocol: Early Experience With Immediate Immobilization in Flexion and Rapid Return to Play After Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Raymond Chronister ◽  
George C. Balazs ◽  
Adam Pickett ◽  
John-Paul H. Rue ◽  
David J. Keblish
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellar Dislocation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Knee Stiffness ◽  
Lateral Patellar Dislocation

Context:Acute lateral patellar dislocation is a common injury sustained by athletes, and often requires several months to recover and return to play.Objective:To describe a novel protocol for the treatment of acute lateral patellar dislocation that returns patients to play far sooner than traditional treatment protocols.Design:Case series and review of the literature.Setting:Division I NCAA institution.Patients:Two collegiate athletes who sustained first-time acute lateral patellar dislocations.Interventions:Traditional standard of care for acute lateral patellar dislocation after reduction involves 1–7 weeks of immobilization in full extension. Knee stiffness commonly results from this method, and return to full activity typically takes 2–4 months. We used a protocol involving immobilization in maximal flexion for 24 hr, with early aggressive range of motion and quadriceps strengthening in the first week after injury.Main Outcome Measures:Time to return to play.Results:Immediate on-site reduction of the patella followed by 24 hr of immobilization in maximal knee flexion was performed. Following an accelerated rehabilitation regimen, patients were able to return to sport an average of 3 days postinjury. Neither patient has experienced a recurrent dislocation.Conclusions:Our protocol is based on anatomic studies demonstrating reduced tension on the medial patellofemoral ligament, reduced hemarthrosis, and reduced soft tissue swelling in maximal knee flexion. This method apparently bypasses the knee stiffness and deconditioning commonly seen with traditional nonoperative regimens, allowing return to sport weeks or months sooner.

Time Drift Considerations When Using GPS and Accelerometers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Steel ◽  
Carolina Bejarano ◽  
Jordan A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
Time Drift ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gps Devices

Purpose: To investigate potential time drift between devices when using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and accelerometers in field-based research. Methods: Six Qstarz BT-Q1000XT GPS trackers, activPAL3 accelerometers, and ActiGraph GT3X+ and GT3X accelerometers were tested over 1–3 waves, each lasting 9–14 days. Once per day an event marker was created on each pair of devices concurrently. The difference in seconds between the time stamps for each event marker were calculated between each pair of GPS and activPAL devices and GPS and ActiGraph devices. Mixed-effects linear regression tested time drift across days and waves and between two rooms/locations (in an inner room vs. on a windowsill in an outer room). Results: The GPS trackers remained within one second of the computer clock across days and waves and between rooms. The activPAL devices drifted an average of 8.38 seconds behind the GPS devices over 14 days (p < .001). The ActiGraph GT3X+ devices drifted an average of 11.67 seconds ahead of the GPS devices over 14 days (p < .001). The ActiGraph GT3X devices drifted an average of 28.83 seconds behind the GPS devices over 9 days (p < .001). Time drift did not differ across waves but did differ between rooms and across devices. Conclusions: Time drift between the GPS and accelerometer models tested was minimal and is unlikely to be problematic when addressing many common research questions. However, studies that require high levels of precision when matching short (e.g., 1-second) time intervals may benefit from consideration of time drift and potential adjustments.

A Pilot Study Using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Devices and Surveys to Ascertain Older Adults’ Travel Patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. NP190-NP201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene H. Yen ◽  
Cindy W. Leung ◽  
Mars Lan ◽  
Majid Sarrafzadeh ◽  
Karen C. Kayekjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Gps Devices

scholarly journals Global Positioning System Analysis of Physical Demands in Small and Large-Sided Games with Floaters and Official Matches in the Process of Return to Play in High Level Soccer Players

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6605
Author(s):  
Demetrio Lozano ◽  
Miguel Lampre ◽  
Adrián Díez ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Diego Jaén-Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to analyze the physical demands in the return to play (RTP) process of high-level soccer players in the role of floater in different soccer sided games (SGs) formats (i.e., 4vs4 + 2 and 8vs8 + 1); and (ii) to analyze the differences in physical demands encountered by regular and floater players among the SGs formats and official matches by means of global positioning system technology (GPS APEX pod, North Ireland) was used. Twenty-six highly trained, male soccer players (U16 years) participated in this investigation. Players were classified into two groups: 23 regular and 3 floater players, a total of eight SGs were analyzed, which involved the recording of 80 observations of regular and floater players. Match-play players showed most likely–probable differences in distance covered at high-intensity per minute (D > 14.4/min), at high-speed running per minute (D > 21/min), and peak velocity (Vpeak) in comparison to floaters in the 8vs8 + 1 LSG (large-side-games), and presented most likely differences in accelerations >2/min in comparison to match-play players. Therefore, the use of floaters during the last phase of the RTP (return to play) seems to be a useful strategy for progressive reintroduction into specific training (1) floater in the 4vs4 + 2 SSG; (2) floater in the 8vs8 + 1 LSG; (3) regular player in the 4vs4 + 2 SSG; and (4) regular player in the 8vs8 + 1 LSG before starting full trainings and returning to competition.

scholarly journals Physical Demands of U10 Players in a 7-a-Side Soccer Tournament Depending on the Playing Position and Level of Opponents in Consecutive Matches Using Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6968
Author(s):  
Antonio Hernandez-Martin ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽  
Jose Luis Felipe ◽  
Samuel Manzano-Carrasco ◽  
Carlos Majano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Football Field

The aim of this study was to analyse the physical demands of U10 players in a 7-a-side-soccer tournament based on the playing positions in 6 consecutive matches by global positioning systems (GPS). Variables of total distance, relative distance in different speed zones, maximum speed, time interval between accelerations, maximum speed acceleration, maximum acceleration, acceleration distance and the number of high-intensity accelerations were analysed. Differences between playing positions were found in the total distance covered by the midfielders. They covered higher total distances than the defenders (+1167 m; 95% CI: 411 to 1922 m; effect size (ES) = 1.41; p < 0.05) and forwards (+1388 m; CI 95%: 712 a 2063 m; TE = 0.85; p < 0.05). The total covered distance increased in the final rounds with respect to the group stage (p < 0.05; ES: 0.44 to 1.62), and high-intensity actions, such as the number of accelerations, were greater in the final rounds compared to the group stage (p < 0.05; ES: 0.44 to 1.62). The physical performance of young football players in a tournament with consecutive matches on a 40 × 62 m football field on the same day is influenced by the playing position and dependent on the level difference between opponents.

scholarly journals Assessing worst case scenarios in movement demands derived from global positioning systems during international rugby union matches: Rolling averages versus fixed length epochs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0195197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Cunningham ◽  
David A. Shearer ◽  
Neil Carter ◽  
Scott Drawer ◽  
Ben Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Fixed Length ◽  
Global Positioning

Peak Running Intensity of International Rugby: Implications for Training Prescription

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace A. Delaney ◽  
Heidi R. Thornton ◽  
John F. Pryor ◽  
Andrew M. Stewart ◽  
Ben J. Dascombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Training Methodologies

Purpose:To quantify the duration and position-specific peak running intensities of international rugby union for the prescription and monitoring of specific training methodologies.Methods:Global positioning systems (GPS) were used to assess the activity profile of 67 elite-level rugby union players from 2 nations across 33 international matches. A moving-average approach was used to identify the peak relative distance (m/min), average acceleration/deceleration (AveAcc; m/s2), and average metabolic power (Pmet) for a range of durations (1–10 min). Differences between positions and durations were described using a magnitude-based network.Results:Peak running intensity increased as the length of the moving average decreased. There were likely small to moderate increases in relative distance and AveAcc for outside backs, halfbacks, and loose forwards compared with the tight 5 group across all moving-average durations (effect size [ES] = 0.27–1.00). Pmet demands were at least likely greater for outside backs and halfbacks than for the tight 5 (ES = 0.86–0.99). Halfbacks demonstrated the greatest relative distance and Pmet outputs but were similar to outside backs and loose forwards in AveAcc demands.Conclusions:The current study has presented a framework to describe the peak running intensities achieved during international rugby competition by position, which are considerably higher than previously reported whole-period averages. These data provide further knowledge of the peak activity profiles of international rugby competition, and this information can be used to assist coaches and practitioners in adequately preparing athletes for the most demanding periods of play.

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