Brain Dynamics and Motor Behavior: A Case for Efficiency and Refinement for Superior Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley D. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents a theoretical perspective on brain activity that characterizes expert cognitive-motor performance grounded in neural and psychomotor efficiency. Evidence for the position is derived from several different measurement tools (EEG, ERPs, fMRI, EEG coherence) based on empirical studies of (1) expert-novice contrasts, (2) changes in the brain after practice, and (3) motor performance under conditions of mental stress. The impact of mental stress on brain processes during motor performance is then discussed followed by a model of the hypothesized central neural responses to emotion-eliciting events to explain resilience to stress and the ability to “perform under pressure” as observed in high-performing athletes. An overall explanation is offered of the cascade of events that link the perception of the environment in which the performance occurs to the peripheral process of motor unit recruitment and the resultant quality of movement. This integrative perspective on human performance considers multiple levels of explanation including the psychology of sport performance, cognitive-motor neuroscience, and basic biomechanics to understand the kinematic qualities of movement and the effort cost involved.

scholarly journals The impact of Inward FDI on Host country: Firm Performance in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yi Zou
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Firms

<p>Foreign direct investment (FDI) and its multinationals' activities are well accepted as an engine of growth by which a host country can benefit from the injection of capital investment, technology and managerial knowhow to build up indigenous competitiveness through spillovers effects and productivity gap between foreign affiliates and local firms New Zealand is a small but developed economy. FDI plays an important role in the development and growth of local industry in New Zealand. In the extant literature, there was very few studies research on the performance gap in New Zealand context. This paper investigates the effect of inward FDI on host country theoretically, focusing on the spillover effects and firm performance. Statistical analysis tests the possibility of performance gap's existence in New Zealand firms. In addition, separated attention is provided to service industry to differ from manufacturing industries that always be testified in many empirical studies. The findings provide evidence that foreign owned firms have superior performance advantages over local firms. But more research needs to be conducted for more conclusive results.</p>

The impact of servitization on firm performance: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1562-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijiao Wang ◽  
Kee-Hung Lai ◽  
Yongyi Shou
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Servitization has been recognized as an effective means for manufacturers to achieve superior performance. However, the servitization-performance relationship is controversial since prior empirical studies have provided inconsistent and even contradictory results. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative review on the servitization-performance relationship based on research findings reported in the extant literature. Design/methodology/approach Studies from 41 peer-reviewed journal articles were sampled and analyzed. A meta-analytic approach was adopted to conduct a quantitative review on the relationship between servitization and firm performance. Findings The results confirm a positive servitization-performance relationship. In addition, the results reveal that the observed servitization-performance relationship is influenced by the operationalization of constructs (servitization and performance) and control variables (industry and region). Originality/value As the first meta-analysis on the servitization-performance relationship, this study contributes to the servitization literature and provides future research directions.

scholarly journals Employee empowerment and empowering leadership: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Hieu Minh Vu
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
The Impact

Empowerment fosters employee’s creativity, quality of work-life, spirit of teamwork and organisational effectiveness. organisations do not only need to empower employees but should also encourage empowering leadership. Empowering leadership connotes the sharing of power and motivating employees to crave for superior performance. This paper focuses on literature in the employee empowerment and empowering leadership contexts. Considering the role people play in organisations, it is important to understand the impact of employee empowerment and empowering leadership on organisational outcomes. The author used historical data and findings from previous studies to draw insight on the subject. Based on our review, it was observed that employee empowerment fosters employee performance, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, customer satisfaction, productivity and business growth. Empowering leadership have been examined from the structural and motivational theoretical perspective. Several studies lend credence to the positive influence of empowering leadership on employees’ psychological empowerment. The author proposed some recommendations for managers to implement

scholarly journals Frontal Electroencephalogram Alpha Asymmetry during Mental Stress Related to Workplace Noise

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1968
Author(s):  
Emad Alyan ◽  
Naufal M. Saad ◽  
Nidal Kamel ◽  
Mohd Zuki Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Azman Zakariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Stress Task ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Workplace Noise

This study aims to investigate the effects of workplace noise on neural activity and alpha asymmetries of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during mental stress conditions. Workplace noise exposure is a pervasive environmental pollutant and is negatively linked to cognitive effects and selective attention. Generally, the stress theory is assumed to underlie the impact of noise on health. Evidence for the impacts of workplace noise on mental stress is lacking. Fifteen healthy volunteer subjects performed the Montreal imaging stress task in quiet and noisy workplaces while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography. The salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was measured before and immediately after each tested workplace to evaluate the stress level. The results showed a decrease in alpha rhythms, or an increase in cortical activity, of the PFC for all participants at the noisy workplace. Further analysis of alpha asymmetry revealed a greater significant relative right frontal activation of the noisy workplace group at electrode pairs F4-F3 but not F8-F7. Furthermore, a significant increase in sAA activity was observed in all participants at the noisy workplace, demonstrating the presence of stress. The findings provide critical information on the effects of workplace noise-related stress that might be neglected during mental stress evaluations.

scholarly journals Reduced Modulation of Task-Related Connectivity Mediates Age-Related Declines in Bimanual Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 4346-4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Santos Monteiro ◽  
Hamed Zivari Adab ◽  
Sima Chalavi ◽  
Jolien Gooijers ◽  
Brad (Bradley) Ross King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Bimanual Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Aging is accompanied by marked changes in motor behavior and its neural correlates. At the behavioral level, age-related declines in motor performance manifest, for example, as a reduced capacity to inhibit interference between hands during bimanual movements, particularly when task complexity increases. At the neural level, aging is associated with reduced differentiation between distinct functional systems. Functional connectivity (FC) dedifferentiation is characterized by more homogeneous connectivity patterns across various tasks or task conditions, reflecting a reduced ability of the aging adult to modulate brain activity according to changing task demands. It is currently unknown, however, how whole-brain dedifferentiation interacts with increasing task complexity. In the present study, we investigated age- and task-related FC in a group of 96 human adults across a wide age range (19.9–74.5 years of age) during the performance of a bimanual coordination task of varying complexity. Our findings indicated stronger task complexity-related differentiation between visuomotor- and nonvisuomotor-related networks, though modulation capability decreased with increasing age. Decreased FC modulation mediated larger complexity-related increases in between-hand interference, reflective of worse bimanual coordination. Thus, the ability to maintain high motor performance levels in older adults is related to the capability to properly segregate and modulate functional networks.

scholarly journals The impact of Inward FDI on Host country: Firm Performance in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yi Zou
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Firms

<p>Foreign direct investment (FDI) and its multinationals' activities are well accepted as an engine of growth by which a host country can benefit from the injection of capital investment, technology and managerial knowhow to build up indigenous competitiveness through spillovers effects and productivity gap between foreign affiliates and local firms New Zealand is a small but developed economy. FDI plays an important role in the development and growth of local industry in New Zealand. In the extant literature, there was very few studies research on the performance gap in New Zealand context. This paper investigates the effect of inward FDI on host country theoretically, focusing on the spillover effects and firm performance. Statistical analysis tests the possibility of performance gap's existence in New Zealand firms. In addition, separated attention is provided to service industry to differ from manufacturing industries that always be testified in many empirical studies. The findings provide evidence that foreign owned firms have superior performance advantages over local firms. But more research needs to be conducted for more conclusive results.</p>

Behavior in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Monti ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Brain Insults ◽  
Brain Behavior

Recent evidence has suggested that functional neuroimaging may play a crucial role in assessing residual cognition and awareness in brain injury survivors. In particular, brain insults that compromise the patient’s ability to produce motor output may render standard clinical testing ineffective. Indeed, if patients were aware but unable to signal so via motor behavior, they would be impossible to distinguish, at the bedside, from vegetative patients. Considering the alarming rate with which minimally conscious patients are misdiagnosed as vegetative, and the severe medical, legal, and ethical implications of such decisions, novel tools are urgently required to complement current clinical-assessment protocols. Functional neuroimaging may be particularly suited to this aim by providing a window on brain function without requiring patients to produce any motor output. Specifically, the possibility of detecting signs of willful behavior by directly observing brain activity (i.e., “brain behavior”), rather than motoric output, allows this approach to reach beyond what is observable at the bedside with standard clinical assessments. In addition, several neuroimaging studies have already highlighted neuroimaging protocols that can distinguish automatic brain responses from willful brain activity, making it possible to employ willful brain activations as an index of awareness. Certainly, neuroimaging in patient populations faces some theoretical and experimental difficulties, but willful, task-dependent, brain activation may be the only way to discriminate the conscious, but immobile, patient from the unconscious one.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

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