Effect of Maximally Relaxed Lying Posture on the Severity of Stuttering in Young Adults Who Stutter

Motor Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Almudhi ◽  
Hamayun Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Speech Therapists

The current study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of maximally relaxed lying posture on disfluencies in young adults who stutter. A total of 24 participants (17 males, seven females; mean age = 24.9 ± 6.2 years) with developmental stuttering were a part of the study. The participants were asked to perform spontaneous speaking and reading aloud tasks in standard sitting and maximally relaxed lying postures. The severity of stuttering for the studied postures was estimated by using the Stuttering Severity Instrument. The results on the Stuttering Severity Instrument showed that stuttering parameters improved during the maximally relaxed lying posture compared with the standard sitting position. The results are discussed in the light of motor control concepts. It is concluded that the maximally relaxed lying posture can facilitate improvement in stuttering scores during spontaneous speaking as well as reading aloud in young adults who stutter. Reduced stuttering scores in the maximally relaxed lying posture suggest that speech therapists can position participants in this position while treating people who stutter.

Changes in Spatiotemporal Measures and Variability During User-Driven Treadmill, Fixed-Speed Treadmill, and Overground Walking in Young Adults: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hillary H. Holmes ◽  
Randall T. Fawcett ◽  
Jaimie A. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
Integral Indicator

Walking is an integral indicator of human health commonly investigated while walking overground and with the use of a treadmill. Unlike fixed-speed treadmills, overground walking is dependent on the preferred walking speed under the individuals’ control. Thus, user-driven treadmills may have the ability to better simulate the characteristics of overground walking. This pilot study is the first investigation to compare a user-driven treadmill, a fixed-speed treadmill, and overground walking to understand differences in variability and mean spatiotemporal measures across walking environments. Participants walked fastest overground compared to both fixed and user-driven treadmill conditions. However, gait cycle speed variability in the fixed-speed treadmill condition was significantly lower than the user-driven and overground conditions, with no significant differences present between overground and user-driven treadmill walking. The lack of differences in variability between the user-driven treadmill and overground walking may indicate that the user-driven treadmill can better simulate the variability of overground walking, potentially leading to more natural adaptation and motor control patterns of walking.

scholarly journals Functional and Neuroanatomical Bases of Developmental Stuttering: Current Insights

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Eun Chang ◽  
Emily O. Garnett ◽  
Andrew Etchell ◽  
Ho Ming Chow
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Structural Neuroimaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Affecting 5% of all preschool-aged children and 1% of the general population, developmental stuttering—also called childhood-onset fluency disorder—is a complex, multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by frequent disruption of the fluent flow of speech. Over the past two decades, neuroimaging studies of both children and adults who stutter have begun to provide significant insights into the neurobiological bases of stuttering. This review highlights convergent findings from this body of literature with a focus on functional and structural neuroimaging results that are supported by theoretically driven neurocomputational models of speech production. Updated views on possible mechanisms of stuttering onset and persistence, and perspectives on promising areas for future research into the mechanisms of stuttering, are discussed.

scholarly journals Variations in glenohumeral movement control when implementing an auditory feedback system: A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Mauricio Barramuño ◽  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Exequiel Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
System A ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Human Motor

Introduction: Human motor control requires a learning process and it can be trained by means of various sensory feedback sources.Objective: To determine variations in glenohumeral movement control by learning in young adults exposed to an auditory feedback system while they perform object translation tasks classified by difficulty level.Materials and methods: The study involved 45 volunteers of both sexes (22 women), aged between 18 and 32 years. Glenohumeral movement control was measured by means of the root mean square (RMS) of the accelerometry signal, while task execution speed (TES) was measured using an accelerometer during the execution of the task according to its difficulty (easy, moderate and hard) in four stages of randomized intervention (control, pre-exposure, exposure-with auditory feedback, and post-exposure).Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the pre-exposure and exposure stages and between pre-exposure and post-exposure stages. A significant increase (p <0.001) in TES was identified between the pre-exposure and exposure stages for tasks classified as easy and hard, respectively.Conclusion: The use of an auditory feedback system in young adults without pathologies enhanced learning and glenohumeral movement control without reducing TES. This effect was maintained after the feedback, so the use of this type of feedback system in healthy individuals could result in a useful strategy for the training of motor control of the shoulder.

Muskelfunktionsmessung mit kinetischem Oberflächen-EMG bei Kindern mit Hämophilie

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S38-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wendel ◽  
M. Navarrete-Duran ◽  
D. Fink ◽  
G. Auerswald ◽  
P. Böhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
External Signals ◽  
Resting Muscle

SummaryElectromyography (EMG) measures muscle electricity. It depends on muscle contraction and central motor control. Muscles react very sensitive on external signals (e. g. bleeding), The resulting changes can be shown in EMG. Patients, methods A first study included 51 children and young adults from Costa Rica. They underwent a clinical examination and EMG of the hip, knee and ankle joints. Resting muscle tone, maximal isometric contraction and three typical isotonic movements of the joints were measured. First step of analysis was to characterize typical pathogenic changes in the muscles and to find a corresponding physical therapy to minimize these changes. Results It showed that EMG is a good marker for muscle condition. It helps to individualize therapy and improve effectivity of physical and physiotherapeutic treatment of the locomotive system of children and young adults with hemophilia. It can help to recognize early subclinical changes and to control the outcome of therapeutic modalities.

Motor control strategies during bimanual isometric force control among healthy individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Minhee Kim ◽  
Sejun Oh ◽  
BumChul Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Force Variability ◽  
Force Level ◽  
Target Force ◽  
Motor Synergy

This study aimed to provide a basic description of the motor control strategy during bimanual isometric force control in healthy young adults. Thirty healthy young adults (mean age: 27.4 ± 3.7 years) participated in the study. The subjects were instructed to press both hands simultaneously to match the target force level of 5%, 25%, and 50% bimanual maximum voluntary force using continuous visual feedback. Bimanual motor synergy and bimanual coordination, as well as force asymmetry, force accuracy, and force variability were compared. This study identified the specific motor control strategy of healthy young adults during bimanual isometric force control, indicating that they proportionally increased “good” and “bad” variabilities, resulting in comparable bimanual motor synergy as the target force level increased.

scholarly journals Effect of muscle fatigue and physical activity level in motor control of the gait of young adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Augusto Barbieri ◽  
Paulo Cezar Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Vitório ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën ◽  
Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level

scholarly journals 3D Quantitative Evaluation of Posture and Spine Proprioceptive Perception Through Instinctive Self-Correction Maneuver in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Kinel ◽  
Moreno D’Amico ◽  
Piero Roncoletta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Spine Shape ◽  
Correction Maneuver ◽  
And Control

BackgroundConservative treatment in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) population is based on individual proprioceptive and motor control training. Such training includes physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSEs) stimulating the individual capacity to perceive and control his/her posture, particularly the shape of the spine. However, limited knowledge about basic proprioception capability in AIS patients is reported in the literature.Questions(1) How do AIS patients, who did not receive any previous specific postural education treatment, perceive their posture and 3D spine shape? Are they able to modify their posture and 3D spine shape correctly through an instinctive self-correction (ISCO) maneuver? (2) Are posture and ISCO maneuver ability gender dependent in AIS patients? (3) Do AIS patients present different posture and spine shape characteristics as well as different ISCO ability compared with the healthy young adult population?MethodsCross-sectional observational study. 132 (75 females, 57 males) AIS patients’ posture and 3D spine shape have been measured comparing indifferent orthostasis (IO) (neutral erect posture) to ISCO using a non-ionizing 3D optoelectronic stereophotogrammetric approach. Thirteen quantitative biomechanical parameters described the AIS patients body posture. The statistical analysis was performed using a multivariate approach to compare genders in IO, ISCO, and AIS patients vs. healthy young adults–previously published data (57 females, 64 males).ResultsMales (87.7%) and females (93.3%) of AIS patients were unable to modify posture and 3D spine shape globally. AIS patients gender differences were found in IO, ISCO, and the comparison vs. healthy young adults. When changes occurred, subjects could not focus and control their posture globally, but only in a few aspects at a time.ConclusionSelf-correction maneuver producing an improvement in body posture and spine shape is not instinctive and must be trained. In such characteristics, AIS patients are not so dissimilar to healthy young adults. Sagittal plane control is the highest, but ISCO in AIS patients led to worsening in this plane. Control at the lumbar level is neglected in both genders. Such outcomes support the necessity of customized PSSEs to treat AIS patients. The 3D stereo-photogrammetric approach is effective in quantitatively describing the subject’s posture, motor control, and proprioception.

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