Fatness and Fitness in Obese Children at Low and High Health Risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff D.C. Ball ◽  
J. Dru Marshall ◽  
Linda J. McCargar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Obese Children

We investigated whether body composition, physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness explained the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in youth. Eighty-three obese children (6–12 years old) were classified as either low health risk (LHR; n = 30) or high health risk (HHR; n = 53) based on the absence/presence of metabolic risk factors that included measures of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and elevated blood pressure. Along with demographic and anthropometric data, body composition, physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness variables were assessed. Risk factor clustering was evident in this sample with 24/83 (29%) possessing at least 2 risk factors. Percent body fat did not differ between the LHR (38.5%) and HHR (39.8%) groups, but total fat mass, total fat-free mass, and central body fat mass were greater in the high health risk group. The strongest predictor for the presence of risk factors was central body fat accumulation. Physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness were unable to predict metabolic risk. Overall, we found that risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes were common and that body fat mass and central body fat distribution, in particular, were more important than physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in predicting metabolic risk in obese children.

scholarly journals Restrictive pattern on spirometry: association with cardiovascular risk and level of physical activity in asymptomatic adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Fornias Sperandio ◽  
Rodolfo Leite Arantes ◽  
Agatha Caveda Matheus ◽  
Rodrigo Pereira da Silva ◽  
Vinícius Tonon Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Restrictive Pattern

Objective : To determine whether a restrictive pattern on spirometry is associated with the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL), as well as with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, in asymptomatic adults. Methods : A total of 374 participants (mean age, 41 ± 14 years) underwent spirometry, which included the determination of FVC and FEV1. A restrictive pattern on spirometry was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7 and an FVC < 80% of the predicted value. After conducting demographic, anthropometric, and CVD risk assessments, we evaluated body composition, muscle function, and postural balance, as well as performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing and administering the six-minute walk test. The PADL was quantified with a triaxial accelerometer. Results : A restrictive pattern on spirometry was found in 10% of the subjects. After multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for confounders (PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness), the following variables retained significance (OR; 95% CI) as predictors of a restrictive pattern: systemic arterial hypertension (17.5; 1.65-184.8), smoking (11.6; 1.56-87.5), physical inactivity (8.1; 1.43-46.4), larger center-of-pressure area while standing on a force platform (1.34; 1.05-1.71); and dyslipidemia (1.89; 1.12-1.98). Conclusions : A restrictive pattern on spirometry appears to be common in asymptomatic adults. We found that CVD risk factors, especially systemic arterial hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity, were directly associated with a restrictive pattern, even when the analysis was adjusted for PADL and cardiorespiratory fitness. Longitudinal studies are needed in order to improve understanding of the etiology of a restrictive pattern as well as to aid in the design of preventive strategies.

Value of body fat mass vs anthropometric obesity indices in the assessment of metabolic risk factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bosy-Westphal ◽  
C Geisler ◽  
S Onur ◽  
O Korth ◽  
O Selberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Obesity Indices

scholarly journals Somatotype is More Interactive with Strength than Fat Mass and Physical Activity in Peripubertal Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 29A (Special-Issue) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Marta ◽  
Daniel Marinho ◽  
Aldo Costa ◽  
Tiago Barbosa ◽  
Mário Marques
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Medicine Ball

Somatotype is More Interactive with Strength than Fat Mass and Physical Activity in Peripubertal ChildrenThe purpose of this study was to analyse the interaction between somatotype, body fat and physical activity in prepubescent children. This was a cross-sectional study design involving 312 children (160 girls, 152 boys) aged between 10 and 11.5 years old (10.8 ± 0.4 years old). Evaluation of body composition was done determining body mass index and body fat by means of skin-fold measurements, using the method described by Slaughter. Somatotype was computed according to the Carter's method. Physical activity was assessed with the Baecke questionnaire. The physical activity assessment employed sets of curl-ups, push-ups, standing broad jump, medicine ball throw, handgrip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power stair. There were negative associations for body fat, endomorphy and mesomorphy with curl-ups, push-ups and broad jump tests and positive associations with ball throw, handgrip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power tests. The associations for ectomorphy were the inverse of those for endomorphy and mesomorphy. Non obese children presented higher values for curl-ups, push-ups and standing broad jump. In medicine ball throw, handgrip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power test obese children presented higher scores, followed by children who were overweight. The mesoectomorphic boys and ectomesomorphic girls performed higher in all tests. The morphological typology presented more interactions with strength than % of body fat and physical activity. These data seem to suggest that the presence/absence of certain physical characteristics is crucial in the levels of motor provision in prepubescent children.

scholarly journals Poor physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness among patients with childhood-onset takayasu arteritis in remission: a cross‐sectional, multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Astley ◽  
Saulo Gil ◽  
Gleice Clemente ◽  
Maria Teresa Terreri ◽  
Clovis Artur Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Background It is currently unknown whether patients with childhood-onset Takayasu disease (c-TA) are prone to physical inactivity and poor aerobic capacity. In this study, we assessed physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness along with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and various traditional and non-traditional risk factors in patients with c-TA vs. healthy controls. Methods c-TA patients with non-active disease (n = 17) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 17) were enrolled in the study. We assessed physical activity levels, aerobic capacity, body composition, systemic inflammation, cardiometabolic markers, disease-related parameters, and HRQL. Results c-TA patients showed greater time spent in sedentary behavior (P = 0.010), and lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (P > 0.001) and lower step counts per day (P > 0.001). VO2peak (P < 0.001) and chronotropic response (P = 0.016) were significantly lower in patients with c-TA and they had worse HRQL in physical domain (P < 0.001), lower bone mineral content and density, and higher insulin levels vs. healthy controls (all P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions c-TA patients exhibited reduced physical activity levels and aerobic capacity, worse cardiometabolic risk factors and HRQL parameter compared with healthy peers. Physical inactivity and aerobic deconditioning emerge as potentially novel risk factors for c-TA. The role of physical activity interventions in preventing poor outcomes and improving HRQL in c-TA remains to be explored.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Indicators of Adiposity in Brazilian Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Schultz Straatmann ◽  
Gloria Valeria da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractPurpose. In view of the increasing prevalence of overweight at early ages and its possible association with physical inactivity, investigations into the best method to assess physical inactivity and its association with excess weight in epidemiological studies are required. This study aimed to examine the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity with indicators of adiposity in an adolescent population. Methods. This cross-sectional study involved a random sample of 697 students aged 12-19 years from public schools in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Overweight was classified according to body mass index. Body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance, cardiorespiratory fitness by a 9 min run/walk test (T9), and physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to verify the magnitude of the associations. Results. Adolescents with poor T9 performance were more likely to be overweight (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.0) and have excess body fat (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.3) than those with better performance. Those classified as moderately active by the IPAQ were more likely to have excess body fat than those classified as active (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8). Conclusions. Because of the greater magnitude of the association between cardiorespiratory fitness, as assessed by using the T9, with being overweight and having excess body fat, the T9 may serve as a valuable instrument in the school environment to identify inactive adolescents who are at risk of developing obesity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Peter Kokkinos ◽  
Puneet Narayan ◽  
Charles Faselis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Mortality

The association between physical activity and health has been recognized since antiquity. Yet daily physical activity in modern societies, especially for the last 100 years, has declined greatly. Additionally, people tend to become less physically active as they age. This is unfortunate because of the known link between physical activity and health. Physical inactivity can lead to many physiologic maladaptations that can increase the risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities and death. This manuscript reviews the influence of physical activity on cardiometabolic health and mortality.

scholarly journals Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and the metabolic syndrome in youth

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah M. Steele ◽  
Soren Brage ◽  
Kirsten Corder ◽  
Nicholas J. Wareham ◽  
Ulf Ekelund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Objectively Measured

The metabolic syndrome is defined as the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in adult populations in the last decades. More recently, the same cluster of metabolic risk factors has also been recognized in children and adolescents. Epidemiological evidence suggests that high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity are associated with a favorable metabolic risk profile in adults. However, in youth the role of these factors is less clear. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to examine the recent evidence between objectively measured habitual physical activity and CRF with clustered metabolic risk in youth. In general, it appears that both physical activity and CRF are separately and independently associated with metabolic risk factors in youth, possibly through different causal pathways. Further research is necessary to quantify how much physical activity is needed to prevent the metabolic syndrome and the diseases with which it is associated. Public health approaches that encourage increased physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors may prove useful in reducing the population burden associated with metabolic risk.

scholarly journals Independent associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic risk factors in children: the European youth heart study

Diabetologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1832-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ekelund ◽  
S. A. Anderssen ◽  
K. Froberg ◽  
L. B. Sardinha ◽  
L. B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
European Youth Heart Study ◽  
European Youth
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