Body composition, skeletal muscle and body fat mass in the body trunk and extremities in male obese children without habitual physical activity

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

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Eating-Disordered Behavior in Adolescents: Associations with Body Image, Body Composition and Physical Activity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186665 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6665

Author(s):

Eliška Štefanová ◽

Peter Bakalár ◽

Tibor Baška

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Image ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Eating Disordered

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a disparate group of mental health problems that significantly impair physical health or psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to present some evidence about the prevalence of eating-disordered behavior (EDB) in adolescents, and explore its associations with body image (BI), body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in this age group. Data from 780 adolescents participating in a health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC) study conducted in Slovakia in 2018 were used (mean age 13.5 ± 1.3; 56% boys). Differences in mean values of numerical indicators were evaluated using the independent samples t-test. Differences between nominal variables were assessed by the chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to describe the associations between all the selected variables. EDB was positively screened in 26.7% (208/780) of adolescents, with a higher prevalence in girls (128/344, 37.2%) than in boys (80/436, 18.3%). Significantly higher means of BI, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass index (BFMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and SCOFF questionnaire score (SCOFF QS) were found in those positively screened for EDB. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between EDB and BI, BW, BMI, BFM, BFP and BFMI. The prevalence of EDB is high in Slovak adolescents. Positive associations between EDB, BI, BMI and fat-related body composition parameters support the idea of a more integrated approach in EDs and obesity prevention and treatment. At the same time, gender differences suggest the need for considering gender-specific strategies aimed at girls and boys separately.

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Evaluation of spirometric parameters and maximum oxygen consumption in athletes and non-athletes

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1806157r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (5-6) ◽

pp. 157-161

Author(s):

Aleksandra Rakovac ◽

Lana Andric ◽

Vedrana Karan ◽

Maja Bogdan ◽

Danijel Slavic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Low Degree

Introduction. There is a great interest to identify factors that influence the value of maximum oxygen consumption. The goal of this research was to assess the body composition, pulmonary parameters, and maximum oxygen consumption in different types of sports and in non-athletes. Material and Methods. The research included 149 male participants: aerobic athletes (n = 55), anaerobic athletes (n = 53) and non-athletes (n = 41). The participants were tested at the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad. Anthropometric parameters and body mass index were measured. Also, the body fat mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance. pulmonary parameters by spirometry and maximum oxygen consumption on a bicycle ergometer. Results. The body mass index values in non-athletes were the highest and significantly different compared to the aerobic athletes (p = 0.01). Also, non-athletes had significantly higher values of body fat mass compared to athletes (p < 0.001). The pulmonary parameters were not significantly different between the tested groups (p > 0.05). However. the values of maximum oxygen consumption were significantly different between all three tested groups (aerobic athletes 53.75 ? 7.82 ml/kg/min; anaerobic athletes 48.04 ? 6.79 ml/kg/min; non-athletes 41.95 ? 8.53 ml/kg/min) (p < 0.001). A low degree of correlation was found between maximum oxygen consumption and pulmonary parameters in the tested groups. Conclusion. Body composition has an impact on the pulmonary parameters. The values of maximum oxygen consumption depend on the type of sport and training. and the highest values are in aerobic sports. There is a low degree of correlation between maximum oxygen consumption and pulmonary parameters in the tested groups.

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Body composition and health behaviors among older women attending regular fitness classes: a pilot study

HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.8294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Agata Mroczek ◽

Iwona Dobrowolska ◽

Magdalena Golachowska

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Lower Body ◽

Senior Women

Background: The average lifespan is increasing worldwide, although the healthspan and quality of life is not. Many older adults either have a chronic disease, excessive body mass, or do not follow the healthy lifestyle recommendations as for nutrition and physical activity. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition among senior women and health behaviors in the five domains of nutrition, body care, rest, safety and physical activity. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 36 women attending fitness classes. The Positive Health Behavior Questionnaire was used as the qualitative measurement and participant height, weight and body composition were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR ), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. Results: Significant correlations (p≤0.05) were found between attending organized physical activities and higher muscle mass and higher BMR. Moreover, (a) sleeping at least six to seven hours at night correlated with a lower BMI and lower body fat mass; (b) spending at least 20–30 minutes a day resting correlated with lower visceral fat; (c) devoting at least 30 minutes daily to moderate or heavy physical exertion correlated with lower body fat mass, percent of body fat and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: The study shows strong relationships between physical activity, dietary patterns, rest, length of sleep, BMI, adiposity and muscle mass of physically active senior women. The results suggest it is necessary to actively promote and support older women in implementing healthy behaviors consistently in their life.

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A Comparison of an Alternative Weight-Grading Model Against Chronological Age Group Model for the Grouping of Schoolboy Male Rugby Players

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.670720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Grégory Lentin ◽

Sean Cumming ◽

Julien Piscione ◽

Patrick Pezery ◽

Moez Bouchouicha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Group Model ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Grading Model ◽

Rugby Players ◽

Weight Model

ObjectivesConcerns regarding marked differences in the weights and body composition of young rugby players competing within the same age groups have led to the suggestion of alternative models for grouping young players. The aims of this study were (1) to compare variance in the body size and body composition of schoolboy rugby players (9 to 14 years), across weight- and age-grading models, and (2) to identify morphotypes for the weight model using Hattori’s body composition chart.Materials and MethodsSkinfold thickness measurements were used to assess body fat mass (BF), fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass index (BFMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Standardized measure of height and weight were taken for all participants. Data were grouped according to the age categories of the French Rugby Federation (U11: Under 11 years, U13: Under 13 years, and U15: Under 15 years), and to the weight categories (W30–44.9; W45–59.9; and W60–79.9) carried out from 25th and 75th weight percentile in each age category. Body mass index status (NW normal-weight versus OW/OB overweight/obese) was considered. Extreme morphotypes are characterized from BFMI and FFMI in the weight-grading model on Hattori’s body composition chart.ResultsThe dispersion of anthropometric characteristics decreased significantly for the weight model, except for height in all groups and BFMI for U13. Among NW, 3, 1.8, and 0% upgraded; 18.2, 68.7, and 45.5% downgraded; among OW, 50, 21.5, and 12.5%; and among OB, 91.3, 83.3, and 74.6% upgraded, respectively, in U11, U13, U15. FFMI/BFMI were correlated in U11 (r = 0.80, p < 0.001), U13 (r = 0.66, p < 0.001), and U15 (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation in W45–59.9 and low correlations in W30–44.9 (r = 0.25, p < 0.001) and W60–79.9 (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). Significant grading difference between the centroids (p < 0.05) and the distribution deviates from centroids of BFMI and FFMI (p < 0.0001) were noted between the two models. Thirteen players were located in adipo-slender, twenty-three in adipo-solid, twenty-two in lean-slender, and two located in the lean-solid morphotype in weight model.ConclusionA weight-grading model should be considered to limit mismatches in anthropometric variables. However, variations of body composition also persisted for this model. Hattori’s body composition chart allowed more detailed examination of morphological atypicalities among schoolboy rugby players.

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In seasonal body composition and jump performance variation in a second league male volleyball team

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.1515/tperj-2017-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Hans-Eric Reitmayer

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Initial Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Counter Movement Jump ◽

Study Results

Abstract Volleyball has become a sport of the giants. Under these circumstances it is desirable that players of a very large stature also possess a corresponding vertical jump. The aim of the paper was to identify the values of some parameters that we considered crucial in limiting or maximizing the in-game performance of the athletes in the study. Our intention was to verify if the body composition indicators change significantly at different stages of a competition season and if the characteristics of the jump, crucial in performing the actions through which the points arescored, are relevant in determining the level of physical conditioning. Twelve players (n=12) were selected from the second league Romanian male volleyball team CSU UVT. The subjects were tested for body composition and their spike jump and counter movement jump was measured on three separate occasions, each corresponding to a different stage of training. Study results highlighted a significant increase of 1.15kg (p=0.028) in weight at the intermediate testing compared to the initial values. There were no differences in muscle mass between the initial and the intermediate testing (p=0.88). The results have shown a significant increase of the average skeletal muscle mass in the final test by 0.77 kg over the intermediate test (p=0.012) and 0.81kg over the initial test (p=0.039).We recorded a considerable increase of body fat mass between initial and intermediate testing (p=0.0073) and there was an average decrease of 1.76 kg (p=0.0285) of body fat mass between intermediate and final testing. We have seen a significant increase in the height of the spike jump at the final test compared to the intermediate testing (p<0.0001) respectively the initial testing (p<0.0001).The counter movement jump recorded a significant decrease in the intermediate test 37.58 cm, compared to the initial test 40.57 cm (p=0.014).. Final measurements of the counter movement jump height increase in relation to intermediate testing (p=0.037). Measurements also indicate a direct correlation between the height and power developed during the jump in all the three tests: initial (r=0.76), intermediate (r=0.68) and final (r=0.84).

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Changes in Body Composition Are Associated with Metabolic Changes and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 745

Author(s):

Yun Hwan Oh ◽

Seulggie Choi ◽

Gyeongsil Lee ◽

Joung Sik Son ◽

Kyae Hyung Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

National Health ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Mass ◽

Baseline Bmi

In a cohort of 190,599 participants from The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening (NHIS-HEALS) study, we investigated the association of changes in the predicted body composition and metabolic profiles with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general population, which was hitherto incompletely elucidated. At baseline and follow-up examinations, the body composition, including lean body mass (LBM), body fat mass (BFM), and appendicular skeletal mass (ASM), were estimated using a prediction equation, and the risk of MetS was analyzed according to relative body composition changes. An increase in relative LBM and ASM decreased the risk of MetS in men and women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.78 and 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77–0.79 and 0.79–0.81, respectively; all p < 0.001). As relative LBM and ASM increased, the risk of MetS was more significantly reduced in the group with higher baseline BMI and body fat mass index (BFMI)(all p-trend < 0.001). In men, when the relative LBM increased (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.63–0.73), the risk of MetS was low despite increased BMI. Thus, our findings suggested that an increase in the relative LBM and ASM reduced the risk of MetS, whereas an increase in the relative BFMI increased the risk of MetS; this result was consistent in men despite an increase in BMI.

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Body Composition in International Sprint Swimmers: Are There Any Relations with Performance?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9464

Author(s):

Milivoj Dopsaj ◽

Ilona Judita Zuoziene ◽

Radoje Milić ◽

Evgeni Cherepov ◽

Vadim Erlikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

The Body ◽

Body Protein

The paper addresses relations between the characteristics of body composition in international sprint swimmers and sprint performance. The research included 82 swimmers of international level (N = 46 male and N = 36 female athletes) from 8 countries. We measured body composition using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance methods with “InBody 720” device. In the case of male swimmers, it was established that the most important statistically significant correlation with sprint performance is seen in variables, which define the quantitative relationship between their fat and muscle with the contractile potential of the body (Protein-Fat Index, r = 0.392, p = 0.007; Index of Body Composition, r = 0.392, p = 0.007; Percent of Skeletal Muscle Mass, r = 0.392, p = 0.016). In the case of female athletes, statistically significant relations with sprint performance were established for variables that define the absolute and relative amount of a contractile component in the body, but also with the variables that define the structure of body fat characteristics (Percent of Skeletal Muscle Mass, r = 0.732, p = 0.000; Free Fat Mass, r = 0.702, p = 0.000; Fat Mass Index, r = −0.642, p = 0.000; Percent of Body Fat, r = −0.621, p = 0.000). Using Multiple Regression Analysis, we managed to predict swimming performance of sprint swimmers with the help of body composition variables, where the models defined explained 35.1 and 75.1% of the mutual variability of performance, for male and female swimmers, respectively. This data clearly demonstrate the importance of body composition control in sprint swimmers as a valuable method for monitoring the efficiency of body adaptation to training process in order to optimize competitive performance.

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Associations between IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins and bone turnover markers in prepubertal obese children

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2014-0326 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (5-6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joanna Gajewska ◽

Witold Klemarczyk ◽

Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽

Katarzyna Szamotulska ◽

Magdalena Chełchowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Obese Children ◽

Igf Binding Proteins ◽

Igf I ◽

Igf Binding ◽

Igfbp 3

Abstract: To assess the relationships between components of the growth hormone axis, body composition, and bone markers in obese children.: We determined the levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) by immunoenzymatic methods, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 45 obese and 20 non-obese children.IGF-I and functional IGFBP-3 levels, IGF-I/total IGFBP-3, and functional IGFBP-3/total IGFBP-3 molar ratios were significantly higher in obese patients than in controls. Multivariate regression analysis in obese patients showed significant associations of BALP with IGF-I (p=0.047) and percent of body fat mass (p=0.002).The relationship of IGF-I and functional IGFBP-3 to BALP may support the concept of IGF-I influence on accelerated bone formation process in obesity. Moreover, IGF-I and percentage of body fat mass may be significant predictors of BALP in obese during the prepubertal period.

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The Relationship between Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels and Body Composition Changes after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000519610 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Masahiro Ohira ◽

Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽

Takashi Yamaguchi ◽

Hiroki Onda ◽

Shuhei Yamaoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

The Relationship ◽

Composition Changes

Introduction: We previously reported that preoperative serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a predictor of total weight loss percentage (%TWL) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). IGF-1 may suppress muscle loss after surgery. IGF-1 almost accurately reflects the growth hormone (GH) secretion status, and GH has lipolytic effects. Therefore, IGF-1 may influence both the maintenance of skeletal muscle and the reduction of adipose tissue after LSG. The identification of the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 and body composition changes after LSG can help in understanding the pathophysiology of obesity. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients with obesity who underwent LSG and were followed up for 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 levels and body composition changes after LSG. A multiple regression model was used. Results: LSG led to a significant reduction in body weight. Both body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass decreased after LSG. Preoperative serum IGF-1 levels significantly correlated with %TWL, changes in skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass after LSG. The multiple regression model showed that preoperative serum IGF-1 levels were related to decreased body fat mass and maintaining skeletal muscle mass after LSG. Discussion/Conclusion: Preoperative IGF-1 measurement helps predict not only successful weight loss but also decreases body fat mass and maintains skeletal muscle mass after LSG.

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