Muscular Strength and Power in Elite Young Male Runners

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Thorland ◽  
Glen O. Johnson ◽  
Craig J. Cisar ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Gerald D. Tharp
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study assessed strength and muscular power of elite young male runners in order to determine the relationship of these characteristics to age and specialization in either sprint or middle distance events. Forty-eight national junior-level sprint and middle distance runners were evaluated for isokinetic peak torque for leg extension as well as muscular power and fatiguability. Peak torque values were greater for the older runners and for the sprinters when measured at higher velocities. However, when adjusted for body weight, the peak torque values of the sprinters became significantly greater at all testing velocities. Muscular power values were also greater for the older runners, but event-related differences only appeared for peak power and mean power measures (being greater in the sprinters).

Seasonal Changes in Body Composition, Strength, and Muscular Power in High School Wrestlers

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Eckerson ◽  
Dona J. Housh ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Glen O. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Flexion And Extension

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the changes in body composition, isokinetic strength, and muscular power in high school wrestlers across a season of competition. Wrestlers were measured (preseason and postseason) for body composition and isokinetic peak torque for flexion and extension of the dominant forearm and leg. Each subject also completed Wingate anaerobic tests to determine changes in mean power and peak power (PP) of the legs. The results indicated that body weight (BW), fat weight, and percent fat decreased (p < .002) across the wrestling season. PP and absolute peak torque for forearm and leg extension (LE) at 30°·s−1; forearm flexion (FF) at 30, 180, and 300°·s−1; and leg flexion (LF) at 180 and 300°·s−1 were significantly (p < .05) lower postseason. Relative peak torque (adjusted for BW) decreased (p < .05) across the season for LE at 30°·s−1 as well as FF and LF at 180°·s−1. Therefore, changes in BW were not associated with functional advantages in terms of strength or muscular power.

Validity of Isokinetic and Isometric Testing modalities for Assessing Short-term Resistance Exercise Strength Gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Fry ◽  
Dawn R. Powell ◽  
William J. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Isokinetic Torque ◽  
Torque Values

Although it is generally accepted that human performance must be assessed in a manner specific to the training, previous studies have violated this principle. In order to determine the validity of evaluating short-term resistance training programs with isometric and isokinetic measures, 23 recreationally active males participated in an 8-week training program. Subjects were randomly divided into barbell squat, hip sled, leg extension, and control groups. Pre- and posttesting of quadriceps strength was performed with a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. Six angle-specific torques (N.m) were determined at 0 rad-s-1 and 1.05 rad-s-1. Ten RM training loads increased significantly for all groups that trained. Isometric torque values differed significantly from isokinetic torque values at 30, 60, 75, and 90° of leg flexion for all groups. No significant torque increases from pre- to posttest were observed for any group at any limb angle for either isometric or isokinetic testing, or for isokinetic peak torque. This indicates that strength increases during short-term dynamic external resistance exercise are not adequately assessed with either isometric or isokinetic evaluations.

CNTF genotype is associated with muscular strength and quality in humans across the adult age span

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Roth ◽  
Matthew A. Schrager ◽  
Robert E. Ferrell ◽  
Steven E. Riechman ◽  
E. Jeffrey Metter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) genotype and muscle strength was examined in 494 healthy men and women across the entire adult age span (20–90 yr). Concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) peak torque were assessed using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer for the knee extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF) at slow (0.52 rad/s) and faster (3.14 rad/s) velocities. The results were covaried for age, gender, and body mass or fat-free mass (FFM). Individuals heterozygous for the CNTF null (A allele) mutation (G/A) exhibited significantly higher Con peak torque of the KE and KF at 3.14 rad/s than G/G homozygotes when age, gender, and body mass were covaried ( P < 0.05). When the dominant leg FFM (estimated muscle mass) was used in place of body mass as a covariate, Con peak torque of the KE at 3.14 rad/s was also significantly greater in the G/A individuals ( P < 0.05). In addition, muscle quality of the KE (peak torque at 3.14 rad · s−1 · leg muscle mass−1) was significantly greater in the G/A heterozygotes ( P < 0.05). Similar results were seen in a subanalysis of subjects 60 yr and older, as well as in Caucasian subjects. In contrast, A/A homozygotes demonstrated significantly lower Ecc peak torque at 0.52 rad/s for both KE and KF compared with G/G and G/A groups ( P < 0.05). No significant relationships were observed at 0.52 rad/s between genotype and Con peak torque. These data indicate that individuals exhibiting the G/A genotype possess significantly greater muscular strength and muscle quality at relatively fast contraction speeds than do G/G individuals. Because of high positive correlations between fast-velocity peak torque and muscular power, these findings suggest that further investigations should address the relationship between CNTF genotype and muscular power.

scholarly journals ROLE OF HAMSTRING MUSCLES IN KNEE JOINT STABILITY PROVIDING AND INJURY PREVENTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Inese Pontaga
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Extreme Extension ◽  
Torque Values

The aim of our investigation was to determine the ratio of maximal torque values and the torques in the certain positions of range of movements (ROM) between hamstring (H) and quadriceps femoris (Q) muscles at medium and high velocity of movement in concentric (CC) and eccentric (ECC) action of hamstring muscles. The knee muscles of 15 amateur female short and middle distance runners were tested by the dynamometer system in the isokinetic movements with the angular velocity of 90º/s and 240º/s in CC and at the velocity of 90º/s in ECC H/ CC Q muscles contractions. The torque values produced by the muscles are detected at the different angular positions of the ROM with the step of 10º. The ratios of H/ Q muscles torques are calculated. The H/Q muscles maximal torques ratio is 0.51 ± 0.13 at the velocity of 90º/s in CC and 0.60 ± 0.09 in ECC H/ CC Q muscles contractions, and 0.59 ± 0.09 CC at the velocity of 240º/s. The H/Q maximal torques ratio and this ratio in the knee extreme extension and flexion at the ECC contraction of H is higher due to greater torques produced by the H in comparison with Q muscle. The H must be stronger to decelerate the thigh and lower leg extension in the late swing phase of running and to extend the hip in early stance phase to provide powerful sprint running and prevent the knee and H injury. The H/Q muscles torques ratio in extended knee positions are similar in medium (90º/s) and fast (240º/s) velocity of motions because CC action of H muscles cannot prevent extreme knee extension.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Age and BMI with Physical Fitness in Futsal Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou ◽  
Gema Torres-Luque ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isometric Muscle

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of age and body mass status with field and laboratory measures of physical fitness in futsal players. Futsal players (n = 65, age 12.9 ± 2.8 years), who were classified into U11 (n = 28, 9–11 years), U13 (n = 21, 11–13 years), and adults (n = 16, >18 years), performed a physical fitness battery consisting of both laboratory and field tests. A similar prevalence of overweight (25%) was observed in all age groups (χ2 = 1.94, p = 0.380, φ = 0.17). Age groups differed for all parameters, except body fat percentage, with adult players showing higher values than the younger groups (p < 0.05). U13 was heavier, taller, and had larger fat-free mass than U11 (p < 0.05). Adult players had superior values than their younger counterparts for all physical fitness parameters (p < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) correlated inversely with aerobic capacity (U13), jumping ability, relative isometric muscle strength, and relative mean power in the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) (U11) (p < 0.05). Also, it correlated directly with absolute isometric muscle strength (U11) and peak power, mean power (all groups), and fatigue index (U11, U13) in WAnT (p < 0.05). Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that the prevalence of overweight in futsal players should be an important concern for practitioners working in this team sport. Optimizing BMI should be considered as a training and nutrition goal in order to improve sport performance.

scholarly journals Warm-up durations in a hot-dry climate affect thermoregulation, mean power-output and fatigue, but not peak power in specific soccer repeated-sprint ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Frikha ◽  
Nesrine Chaâri ◽  
Noureddine Ben Said ◽  
Mohammed Shaab Alibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Mean Power Output

Abstract Background This study addressed the lack of data on the effect of warm-up (WU) duration in hot-dry climate (~ 30 °C; ~ 18% RH), on thermoregulation, muscular power-output, and fatigue after specific soccer repeated-sprint test (RSA). Methods Eleven amateur soccer players participated in a cross-over randomized study and they underwent the Bangsbo repeated-sprint test, after three WU durations (i.e. WU10, WU15 and WU20 min) at 70% of MAV, and on different days. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and the fatigue index (FI) were recorded and analyzed. Likewise, heart rate (HR), tympanic temperature (Ttym), mean body temperature (MBT) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during each session. Results The repeated measure ANOVA showed that MP improved after WU15 in comparison to WU10 and WU20 (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001; respectively). Nonetheless, no significant effect on PP was recorded after all WU durations. FI during RSA increased after WU20 in comparison to WU15 and WU10 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003; respectively). Higher RPE values (p < 0.001) were recorded after WU15 and WU20 in comparison to WU10 duration. The two-way ANOVA showed higher ΔTtym and ΔMBT values after WU15 and WU20 compared to WU10 (p = 0.039 and p < 0.001for Ttym; p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 for MBT, respectively). Conclusions The WU15 at 70% of MAV better assists mean power-output during soccer RSA in hot-dry (~ 30 °C; 18% RH) climate, but not peak power. Reducing WU duration up to 10 min seems to be insufficient to induce beneficial physiological changes necessary for optimizing repeated-sprint performance, while its extension up to 20 min remains detrimental for muscular power and induces higher fatigue.

Muscular Power of the Arms in High School Wrestlers

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Evans ◽  
Joan M. Eckerson ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Glen O. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anaerobic Test

This investigation examined age related differences in the muscular power of the arms in high school wrestlers. Seventy-five volunteers (M age ±SD = 16.3 ±1.2 yrs) were stratified into four age groups (≤15.00; 15.01−16.00; 16.01−17.00, and ≥17.01 yrs) corresponding approximately to the freshman through senior years of high school. Mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) were measured using an arm crank Wingate Anaerobic Test, and body composition was assessed via underwater weighing. The results indicated significant (p<0.05) group differences for absolute MP and PP as well as for relative MP and PP (covaried for body weight). No significant differences were found when MP and PP were adjusted for fat-free weight (FFW). The results suggested that the age related increases in muscular power of the arms were a function of increases in FFW across age.

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