Seasonal Changes in Body Composition, Strength, and Muscular Power in High School Wrestlers

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the changes in body composition, isokinetic strength, and muscular power in high school wrestlers across a season of competition. Wrestlers were measured (preseason and postseason) for body composition and isokinetic peak torque for flexion and extension of the dominant forearm and leg. Each subject also completed Wingate anaerobic tests to determine changes in mean power and peak power (PP) of the legs. The results indicated that body weight (BW), fat weight, and percent fat decreased (p < .002) across the wrestling season. PP and absolute peak torque for forearm and leg extension (LE) at 30°·s−1; forearm flexion (FF) at 30, 180, and 300°·s−1; and leg flexion (LF) at 180 and 300°·s−1 were significantly (p < .05) lower postseason. Relative peak torque (adjusted for BW) decreased (p < .05) across the season for LE at 30°·s−1 as well as FF and LF at 180°·s−1. Therefore, changes in BW were not associated with functional advantages in terms of strength or muscular power.

Download Full-text

Muscular Strength and Power in Elite Young Male Runners

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2.1.73 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 73-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

William G. Thorland ◽

Glen O. Johnson ◽

Craig J. Cisar ◽

Terry J. Housh ◽

Gerald D. Tharp

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Young Male ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Muscular Power ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Mean Power ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Torque Values ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study assessed strength and muscular power of elite young male runners in order to determine the relationship of these characteristics to age and specialization in either sprint or middle distance events. Forty-eight national junior-level sprint and middle distance runners were evaluated for isokinetic peak torque for leg extension as well as muscular power and fatiguability. Peak torque values were greater for the older runners and for the sprinters when measured at higher velocities. However, when adjusted for body weight, the peak torque values of the sprinters became significantly greater at all testing velocities. Muscular power values were also greater for the older runners, but event-related differences only appeared for peak power and mean power measures (being greater in the sprinters).

Download Full-text

The Covariate Influence of Muscle Mass on Isokinetic Peak Torque in High School Wrestlers

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.7.2.176 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 176-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Terry J. Housh ◽

Jeffrey R. Stout ◽

Dona J. Housh ◽

Glen O. Johnson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Free Weight ◽

Age Related ◽

Versus Peak ◽

Flexion And Extension ◽

Isokinetic Peak Torque

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the covariate influence of estimated muscle mass on age-related increases in isokinetic peak torque for flexion and extension of the forearm and leg in high school wrestlers. One hundred thirteen high school wrestlers volunteered to be measured for strength at 30, 180, and 300°·s−1. Underwater weighing was performed to determine body composition characteristics, and the anthropometric equation of Martin et al. (10) was used to estimate total skeletal muscle mass (MM). There were significant (p < .05) relationships (r = .19 to .37) for age versus peak torque covaried independently for fat-free weight (FFW) and MM for forearm flexion at 30, 180, and 300°·s−1; forearm extension at 180 and 300°·s−1; and leg extension at 30, 180 and 300°·s−1. The results of this study indicated that there was no increase across age in MM per unit of FFW, and the age-related increases in peak torque in high school wrestlers could not be fully accounted for by changes in MM.

Download Full-text

Muscular Power of the Arms in High School Wrestlers

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.5.1.72 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Sharon A. Evans ◽

Joan M. Eckerson ◽

Terry J. Housh ◽

Glen O. Johnson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Peak Power ◽

Age Groups ◽

Group Differences ◽

Muscular Power ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Free Weight ◽

Age Related ◽

Anaerobic Test

This investigation examined age related differences in the muscular power of the arms in high school wrestlers. Seventy-five volunteers (M age ±SD = 16.3 ±1.2 yrs) were stratified into four age groups (≤15.00; 15.01−16.00; 16.01−17.00, and ≥17.01 yrs) corresponding approximately to the freshman through senior years of high school. Mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) were measured using an arm crank Wingate Anaerobic Test, and body composition was assessed via underwater weighing. The results indicated significant (p<0.05) group differences for absolute MP and PP as well as for relative MP and PP (covaried for body weight). No significant differences were found when MP and PP were adjusted for fat-free weight (FFW). The results suggested that the age related increases in muscular power of the arms were a function of increases in FFW across age.

Download Full-text

Validity of Isokinetic and Isometric Testing modalities for Assessing Short-term Resistance Exercise Strength Gains

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.1.4.275 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 275-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew C. Fry ◽

Dawn R. Powell ◽

William J. Kraemer

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Human Performance ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Quadriceps Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Isokinetic Testing ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Leg Flexion ◽

Isokinetic Torque ◽

Torque Values

Although it is generally accepted that human performance must be assessed in a manner specific to the training, previous studies have violated this principle. In order to determine the validity of evaluating short-term resistance training programs with isometric and isokinetic measures, 23 recreationally active males participated in an 8-week training program. Subjects were randomly divided into barbell squat, hip sled, leg extension, and control groups. Pre- and posttesting of quadriceps strength was performed with a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. Six angle-specific torques (N.m) were determined at 0 rad-s-1 and 1.05 rad-s-1. Ten RM training loads increased significantly for all groups that trained. Isometric torque values differed significantly from isokinetic torque values at 30, 60, 75, and 90° of leg flexion for all groups. No significant torque increases from pre- to posttest were observed for any group at any limb angle for either isometric or isokinetic testing, or for isokinetic peak torque. This indicates that strength increases during short-term dynamic external resistance exercise are not adequately assessed with either isometric or isokinetic evaluations.

Download Full-text

Kinesio Taping Does Not Alter Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength and Power in Healthy Nonathletic Men: A Prospective Crossover Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/626257 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paweł Korman ◽

Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa ◽

Radosław Rutkowski ◽

Jakub Gruszczyński ◽

Jacek Lewandowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽

Mean Power ◽

Concentric Contractions ◽

Kinesio Taping

Objectives. The effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on muscular performance remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of KT on the maximum concentric and eccentric quadriceps isokinetic strength.Study Design. This is a single-blinded, placebo crossover, repeated measures study.Methods. Maximum isokinetic concentric/eccentric extension torque, work, and power were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer without taping (NT) and with KT or placebo taping (PT) in 17 healthy young men. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analyses.Results. Testing concentric contractions at 60°/s or 180°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in peak torque (Nm), total work (J), or mean power (W) were noted among the application modes under different conditions. Testing eccentric contractions at 30°/s or 60°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in mentioned parameters were noted, respectively. KT on the quadriceps neither decreased nor increased muscle strength in the participants.Conclusion. KT application onto the skin overlying the quadriceps muscle does not enhance the strength or power of knee extensors in healthy men.

Download Full-text

Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyric Supplementation in Combination with Conservative Non-Invasive Treatments in Athletes with Patellar Tendinopathy: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010471 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Ángela Sánchez-Gómez ◽

José Manuel Jurado-Castro ◽

Fernando Mata ◽

Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver ◽

Raúl Domínguez

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Patellar Tendinopathy ◽

Eccentric Training ◽

Muscular Power ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Double Blind ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Extracorporeal Shock Wave

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of conservative non-invasive treatments based on eccentric training, stretching and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) supplemented with β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric (HMB) or placebo (PLAC) on body composition, pain and muscular function (jump ability, muscular power and muscular strength) in athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT). In a double-blind randomized trial, 8 athletes (4 males and 4 females) performed a physical rehabilitation for 4 weeks. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (two males and two females in each one) that ingested HMB (HMBG) or PLAC (PLACG). In pre- and post-intervention were assessed body composition, pain, countermovement jump (CMJ), back-squat (BS) for analyzing peak power (W) (PPPP), load (kg) associated to PPPP (PPKG) and mean velocity (m/s) (PPMV) in addition to a 5-RM leg extension tests. An interaction intervention·supplementation (p = 0.049; Ƞ2p = 0.774) was observed in the height reached in the CMJ as an intervention effect in PPPP detected for the HMBG (p = 0.049). In addition, an enhancement in PPKG (p = 0.028; Ƞ2p = 0.842) was detected in the intervention, but not in PPMV, as an increase in the intervention in the 5-RM test (p = 0.001; Ƞ2p = 0.981) was observed. No changes were noted on body composition or pain (p > 0.05). The combination of eccentric training with stretching and ESWT increased concentric muscular power and strength after 4 weeks without changes in body lean mass or pain. In addition, HMB supplementation could enhance the power muscular performance in athletes with PT, optimizing the intervention adaptions.

Download Full-text

RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF BODY COMPOSITION AND PEAK TORQUE TO ARM-CRANKING ANAEROBIC CAPABILITIES IN HIGH SCHOOL WRESTLERS

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200305001-01529 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S276

Author(s):

T W. Beck ◽

J M. Miller ◽

T J. Housh ◽

J W. Coburn ◽

J T. Cramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Body Composition ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Arm Cranking

Download Full-text

Warm-up durations in a hot-dry climate affect thermoregulation, mean power-output and fatigue, but not peak power in specific soccer repeated-sprint ability

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-020-00221-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Frikha ◽

Nesrine Chaâri ◽

Noureddine Ben Said ◽

Mohammed Shaab Alibrahim

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Tympanic Temperature ◽

Muscular Power ◽

Mean Power ◽

Warm Up ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Mean Power Output

Abstract Background This study addressed the lack of data on the effect of warm-up (WU) duration in hot-dry climate (~ 30 °C; ~ 18% RH), on thermoregulation, muscular power-output, and fatigue after specific soccer repeated-sprint test (RSA). Methods Eleven amateur soccer players participated in a cross-over randomized study and they underwent the Bangsbo repeated-sprint test, after three WU durations (i.e. WU10, WU15 and WU20 min) at 70% of MAV, and on different days. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and the fatigue index (FI) were recorded and analyzed. Likewise, heart rate (HR), tympanic temperature (Ttym), mean body temperature (MBT) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during each session. Results The repeated measure ANOVA showed that MP improved after WU15 in comparison to WU10 and WU20 (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001; respectively). Nonetheless, no significant effect on PP was recorded after all WU durations. FI during RSA increased after WU20 in comparison to WU15 and WU10 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003; respectively). Higher RPE values (p < 0.001) were recorded after WU15 and WU20 in comparison to WU10 duration. The two-way ANOVA showed higher ΔTtym and ΔMBT values after WU15 and WU20 compared to WU10 (p = 0.039 and p < 0.001for Ttym; p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 for MBT, respectively). Conclusions The WU15 at 70% of MAV better assists mean power-output during soccer RSA in hot-dry (~ 30 °C; 18% RH) climate, but not peak power. Reducing WU duration up to 10 min seems to be insufficient to induce beneficial physiological changes necessary for optimizing repeated-sprint performance, while its extension up to 20 min remains detrimental for muscular power and induces higher fatigue.

Download Full-text

Seasonal Changes of Body Mass, Body Composition, and Muscular Performance in Collegiate Wrestlers

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.3.2.176 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 176-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thomas W. Buford ◽

Douglas B. Smith ◽

Matthew S. O’Brien ◽

Aric J. Warren ◽

Stephen J. Rossi

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Muscular Performance ◽

National Competition ◽

Consecutive Time ◽

Body Mass Ratio

Purpose:The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the physiological response of collegiate wrestlers to their competitive season.Methods:Eleven Division I collegiate wrestlers (mean ± SD; 19.45 ± 1.13 y) volunteered and completed 4 testing sessions throughout the course of the collegiate wrestling season. Testing sessions were conducted pre-, mid-, and postseason, as well as before the national tournament. Testing consisted of weigh-in, skinfold body composition testing, and a 50-rep concentric, isokinetic leg extension muscle endurance test (180°/s). Muscular performance variables measured included peak torque, peak torque at fatigue, percent decline, and peak torque/body mass ratio.Results:A significant increase (P < .05) of 2.9% was observed for body mass between midseason and postseason (2.38 kg). From pre- to postseason, a mean increase of 3.8% (3.1 kg) was observed for body mass. An increase (P < .05) in BF% of 2.9% was observed between prenationals and postseason. No significant differences (P > .05) were observed between consecutive time points for quadriceps peak torque; however, there was a significant increase (P < .05) between preseason and prenationals (23.39 N·m). Peak torque at fatigue was greater (P < .05) at midseason than preseason, representing an increase of 9.82 N·m. Between midseason and prenationals testing, we observed an 11% increase (P < .05) in %DCLN. Finally, we noted an increase (P < .05) from 0.6 to 0.69 in peak torque/body mass ratio between preseason and prenationals.Conclusions:Our results indicate that while force values seem to suffer at midseason, the wrestlers compensated and were strongest just before their national competition.

Download Full-text