The Assessment of Children’s Anaerobic Performance Using Modifications of the Wingate Anaerobic Test

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chia ◽  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
David Childs
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Anaerobic Test ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Lactate

Twenty-five girls and 25 boys (mean age 9.7 ± 0.3 years) each completed a 20- and 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Oxygen uptake during the WAnTs, and postexercise blood lactate samples were obtained. Inertia and load-adjusted power variables were higher (18.6–20.1% for peak, and 6.7–7.5% for mean power outputs, p < .05) than the unadjusted values for both the 20- and 30-s WAnTs. The adjusted peak power values were higher (7.7–11.6%, p < .05) in both WAnTs when integrated over 1-s than over 5-s time periods. The aerobic contributions to the tests were lower (p < .05) in the 20-s WAnT (13.7–35.7%) than in the 30-s WAnT (17.7–44.3%) for assumed mechanical efficiencies of 13% and 30%. Postexercise blood lactate concentration after the WAnTs peaked by 2 min. No gender differences (p > .05) in anaerobic performances or peak blood lactate values were detected.

A Comparison of Asynchronous and Synchronous Arm Cranking During the Wingate Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale I. Lovell ◽  
Dale Mason ◽  
Elias Delphinus ◽  
Chris McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Time To Peak

Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare asynchronous (AS Y) arm cranking (cranks at 180° relative to each other) with synchronous (SYN) arm cranking (parallel crank setting) during the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test.Methods:Thirty-two physically active men (aged 22.1 ± 2.4 y) completed two Wingate tests (one ASY and one SYN) separated by 4 d in a randomized counterbalanced order. The Wingate tests were completed on a modified electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Performance measures assessed during the two tests include peak power, mean power, minimum power, time to peak power, rate to fatigue and maximum cadence (RPMmax). Blood lactate concentration was also measured before and 5 min after the tests.Results:Peak and mean power (both absolute and relative to body weight) during SYN arm cranking were significantly (p < 0.001) less than during ASY arm cranking. Rate to fatigue and RPMmax were also significantly (p = 0.012) lower during SYN arm cranking compared with ASY arm cranking. No significant difference was found between test conditions for minimum power, time to peak power or blood lactate concentration.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that ASY arm cranking results in higher peak and mean anaerobic power compared with SYN arm cranking during the Wingate test. Therefore, an ASY arm crank configuration should be used to assess anaerobic power in most individuals although specific population groups may require further testing to determine which crank configuration is most suitable for the Wingate test.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Quadriceps Myofascial Tissue Rolling Using A Mechanical Self-Myofascial Release Roller-Massager on Performance and Recovery in Young Elite Speed Skaters

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Shaher A. I. Shalfawi ◽  
Eystein Enoksen ◽  
Håvard Myklebust
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mean Power

Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of myofascial tissue rolling on endurance performance and recovery using a novel designed mechanical self-induced multi-bar roller-massager. Methods: a randomized crossover, repeated measure design was used. Eight national levelled, junior and neo-senior, speed skaters underwent a 10 min myofascial quadriceps rolling pre- and fifteen minutes post- a stepwise incremental cycling-test to exhaustion followed by a Wingate performance-test. The myofascial quadriceps rolling was used in one out of two laboratory testing-days. Time to exhaustion, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), blood lactate concentration during 30 min of recovery, and peak- and mean- power during the consecutive Wingate test were recorded. Results: Myofascial quadriceps rolling using roller-massager resulted in higher blood lactate concentration at exhaustion and a larger blood lactate clearance after 10 min to post exhaustion test (both p < 0.05), a tendency for a positive effect on Wingate peak-power (p = 0.084; d = 0.71), whereas no marked differences were observed on VO2peak, time to exhaustion and Wingate mean-power. Conclusion: Despite indications for potential benefits of the quadriceps myofascial tissue release using the mechanical self-induced multi-bar roller-massager on blood lactate concentration and Wingate peak-power, the myofascial tissue release gave no marked performance improvements nor indications of negative effects. Future studies could examine the long-term effects of myofascial tissue release on performance and recovery. Furthermore, integrating a measure of the participants’ subjective experience pre- and post the myofascial tissue release would be of great interest.

The Metabolic Relevance of Type of Locomotion in Anaerobic Testing: Bosco Continuous Jumping Test Versus Wingate Anaerobic Test of the Same Duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kaufmann ◽  
Olaf Hoos ◽  
Aaron Beck ◽  
Fabian Fueller ◽  
Richard Latzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Jumping Test ◽  
Anaerobic Testing ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Purpose: To evaluate the metabolic relevance of type of locomotion in anaerobic testing by analyzing and comparing the metabolic profile of the Bosco Continuous Jumping Test (CJ30) with the corresponding profile of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Methods: A total of 11 well-trained, male team-sport athletes (age = 23.7 [2.2] y, height = 184.1 [2.8] cm, weight = 82.4 [6.4] kg) completed a CJ30 and WAnT each. During the WAnT, power data and revolutions per minute were recorded, and during the CJ30, jump height and jumping frequency were recorded. In addition, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration were assessed, and metabolic profiles were determined via the PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: In the CJ30, metabolic energy was lower (109.3 [18.0] vs 143.0 [13.1] kJ, P < .001, d = −2.302), while peak power (24.8 [4.4] vs 11.8 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 3.59) and mean power (20.8 [3.6] vs 9.1 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 4.14) were higher than in the WAnT. The metabolic profiles of the CJ30 (aerobic energy = 20.00% [4.7%], anaerobic alactic energy [WPCr] = 45.6% [4.5%], anaerobic lactic energy = 34.4% [5.2%]) and the WAnT (aerobic energy = 16.0% [3.0%], anaerobic alactic WPCr = 34.5% [5.0%], anaerobic lactic energy = 49.5% [3.3%]) are highly anaerobic. Absolute energy contribution for the CJ30 and WAnT was equal in WPCr (49.9 [11.1] vs 50.2 [11.2] kJ), but anaerobic lactic energy (37.7 [7.7] vs 69.9 [5.3] kJ) and aerobic energy (20.6 [5.7] vs 23.0 [4.0] kJ) were higher in the WAnT. Mechanical efficiency was substantially higher in the CJ30 (37.9% [4.5%] vs 15.6% [1.0%], P < .001, d = 6.86), while the fatigue index was lower (18.5% [3.8%] vs 23.2% [3.1%], P < .001, d = −1.38) than in the WAnT. Conclusions: Although the anaerobic share in both tests is similar and predominant, the CJ30 primarily taxes the WPCr system, while the WAnT more strongly relies on the glycolytic pathway. Thus, the 2 tests should not be used interchangeably, and the type of locomotion seems crucial when choosing an anaerobic test for a specific sport.

scholarly journals Energetic and Biomechanical Contributions for Longitudinal Performance in Master Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Maria I. Ferreira ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
José Vilaça-Alves ◽  
Mário J. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Propelling Efficiency ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Lactate

Background: The current study aimed to verify the changes in performance, physiological and biomechanical variables throughout a season in master swimmers. Methods: Twenty-three master swimmers (34.9 ± 7.4 years) were assessed three times during a season (December: M1, March: M2, June: M3), in indoor 25 m swimming pools. An incremental 5 × 200 m test was used to evaluate the speed at 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate concentration (sLT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak blood lactate ([La-]peak) after the test, stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL), stroke index (SI) and propelling efficiency (ηp). The performance was assessed in the 200 m front crawl during competition. Results: Swimming performance improved between M1, M2 (2%, p = 0.03), and M3 (4%, p < 0.001). Both sLT and VO2max increased throughout the season (4% and 18%, p < 0.001, respectively) but not [La-]peak. While SF decreased 5%, SL, SI and ηp increased 5%, 7%, and 6% (p < 0.001) from M1 to M3. Conclusions: Master swimmers improved significantly in their 200 m front crawl performance over a season, with decreased SF, and increased SL, ηp and SI. Despite the improvement in energetic variables, the change in performance seemed to be more dependent on technical than energetic factors.

The kinetics of blood lactate in boys during and following a single and repeated all-out sprints of cycling are different than in men

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Azad Engel ◽  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Christian Stockinger ◽  
Sascha Härtel ◽  
Klaus Bös ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Lactate

This study characterized the impact of high-intensity interval training on the kinetics of blood lactate and performance in trained boys and men. Twenty-one boys (11.4 ± 0.8 years) and 19 men (29.4 ± 5.0 years) performed a set of four 30-s sprints with 2-min of rest and a single 30-s sprint on 2 separate occasions (randomized order) with assessment of performance. Blood lactate was assayed after each sprint and during 30 min of recovery from both tests. The individual time-curves of blood lactate concentration were fitted to the biexponential function as follows: [Formula: see text], where the velocity parameters γ1and γ2reflect the capacity to release lactate from the previously active muscle into the blood and to subsequently eliminate lactate from the organism, respectively. In both tests, peak blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the boys (four 30-s sprints: 12.2 ± 3.6 mmol·L−1; single 30-s sprint: 8.7 ± 1.8 mmol·L−1) than men (four 30-s sprints: 16.1 ± 3.3 mmol·L−1; single 30-s sprint: 11.5 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). The boys exhibited faster γ1(1.4531 ± 0.65 min; p < 0.001) and γ2(0.059 ± 0.023 min; p = 0.01) in the single 30-s sprint and faster γ2(0.049 ± 0.016 min; p = 0.01) in the four 30-s sprints. The worsening of performance from the first to the last of the four 30-s sprints was less pronounced in boys (9.2% ± 13.9%) than men (19.2% ± 11.5%; p = 0.01). In the present study boys, when compared with men, exhibited lower Peak blood lactate concentration; less pronounced decline in performance during the sprints concomitantly with more rapid release and elimination during the single 30-s sprint; and faster elimination of lactate following the four 30-s sprints.

Blood Lactate Responses to Exercise in Children: Part 1. Peak Lactate Concentration

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pfitzinger ◽  
Patty Freedson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Metabolism ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Peak Lactate ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Lactate

Part 1 reviews the literature concerning peak blood lactate responses to exercise in children. After a brief overview of lactate metabolism, an analysis is presented comparing children to adults regarding peak blood lactate concentration. Possible factors accounting for lower blood lactate concentrations during maximal exercise in children are considered.

Peak Blood Lactate Concentration and Its Arrival Time Following Different Track Running Events in Under-20 Male Track Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Subir Gupta ◽  
Arkadiusz Stanula ◽  
Asis Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Track Athletes ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Lactate

Purpose: To determine (1) the time of arrival of peak blood lactate concentration ([BLa]peak) followed by various track events and (2) significant correlation, if any, between average velocity and [BLa]peak in these events. Methods: In 58 under-20 male track athletes, heart rate was recorded continuously and blood lactate concentration was determined at various intervals following 100-m (n = 9), 200-m (n = 8), 400-m (flat) (n = 9), 400-m hurdles (n = 8), 800-m (n = 9), 1500-m (n = 8), 3000-m steeplechase (n = 7), and 5000-m (n = 10) runs. Results: The [BLa]peak, in mmol/L, was recorded highest following the 400-m run (18.27 [3.65]) followed by 400-m hurdles (16.25 [3.14]), 800-m (15.53 [3.25]), 1500-m (14.71 [3.00]), 200-m (14.42 [3.40]), 3000-m steeplechase (11.87 [1.48]), 100-m (11.05 [2.36]), and 5000-m runs (8.65 [1.60]). The average velocity of only the 400-m run was found to be significantly correlated (r = .877, p < 0.05) with [BLa]peak. The arrival time of [BLa]peak following 100-m, 200-m, 400-m, 400-m hurdles, 800-m, 1500-m, 3000-m steeplechase, and 5000-m runs was 4.44 (0.83), 4.13 (0.93), 4.22 (0.63), 3.75 (0.83), 3.34 (1.20), 2.06 (1.21), 1.71 (1.44), and 1.06 (1.04) minutes, respectively, of the recovery period. Conclusion: In under-20 runners, (1) [BLa]peak is highest after the 400-m run, (2) the time of appearance of [BLa]peak varies from one event to another but arrives later after sprint events than longer distances, and (3) the 400-m (flat) run is the only event wherein the performance is significantly correlated with the [BLa]peak.

Peak blood lactate and blood lactate vs. workload during acclimatization to 5,050 m and in deacclimatization

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grassi ◽  
M. Marzorati ◽  
B. Kayser ◽  
M. Bordini ◽  
A. Colombini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Peak Blood Lactate

Peak blood lactate ([Labl]peak) and blood lactate concentration ([Labl]) vs. workload (W) relationships during acclimatization to altitude and in the deacclimatization were evaluated in 10 Caucasian lowlanders at sea level (SL0); after approximately 1 wk (Alt1wk), 3 wk (Alt3wk), and 5 wk (Alt5wk) at 5,050 m; and weekly during the first 5 wk after return to sea level (SL1wk-SL5wk). Incremental bicycle ergometer exercises (30 W added every 4 min up to exhaustion) were performed. At Alt1wk and at Alt5wk, the experiments were repeated in hypobaric normoxia (Alt1wk-O2 and Alt5wk-O2). [Labl] was determined at rest and during the last approximately 30 s of each W. [Labl]peak was taken as the highest [Labl] during recovery. Acid-base status (pH and concentration of HCO-3 in arterialized capillary blood) was determined at rest. Mean [Labl]peak values were 11.5 (SL0), 8.0 (Alt1wk), 6.4 (Alt3wk), 6.3 (Alt5wk), 8.0 (SL1wk), 9.4 (SL2wk), 10.8 (SL3wk), 11.3 (SL4wk), and 11.6 (SL5wk) mM. At Alt1wk-O2 and Alt5wk-O2, peak W increased, compared with Alt1wk and Alt5wk, whereas no changes were observed for [Labl]peak. [Labl] vs. W was shifted to the left (i.e., higher [Labl] values were found for the same W) at Alt1wk compared with SL0 and partially shifted back to the right (i.e., lower [Labl] values were found for the same W) at Alt3wk and Alt5wk. At Alt1wk-O2 and Alt5wk-O2, [Labl] vs. W values were superimposed on that at SL0. At SL1wk-SL5wk, [Labl] vs. W values were shifted to the right compared with that at SL0. At Alt1wk, a condition of respiratory alkalosis was found, which was only partially compensated for during acclimatization. At SL1wk, the acid-base status was back to normal. We conclude that 1) the reduced [Labl]peak at altitude is still present for 2-3 wk after return from altitude; is not attributable to reduced peak W nor to hypoxia per se, nor to a reduced buffer capacity; alternatively, it could be related to some central determinants of fatigue. 2) The [Labl] vs. W leftward shift at altitude was due to hypoxia per se. 3) The factor(s) responsible for the [Labl] vs. W partial rightward shift during acclimatization could still be effective during the first weeks after return to sea level.

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