What Female Sport Management Professors Think: Adherence to Gender Roles and the Impact on Salary Negotiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Heidi Grappendorf ◽  
Cynthia M. Veraldo ◽  
Annemarie Farrell ◽  
AJ Grube
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Salary Negotiation ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Faculty

Female faculty earn 81.4% of what male faculty earn. Salary negotiation is a critical component of job offers and can have lasting implications for pay during a career. To better understand the salary negotiation process for female sport management professors, this study examined perceived barriers held by participants. A qualitative approach was taken, utilizing in-person and phone interviews to collect the participant’s experiences with salary negotiation. Results indicated that female sport management professors perceived the main barrier in salary negotiation to be the expected adherence to gender roles. Subthemes that emerged from the expected adherence to gender roles included believing stereotypes and lacking confidence. Understanding the influence of gender role adherence in salary negotiations can contribute to the education and skills necessary for students as well as professors in implementing pedagogical strategies related to salary negotiation. Implementing these strategies can contribute to a field that continues to strive to embrace diversity and promote an inclusive environment.

scholarly journals Linked(In)g Sport Management Education with the Sport Industry: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Samuel López-Carril ◽  
Miguel Villamón ◽  
María Huertas González-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Management Students ◽  
The Impact

Social media are one of the most valuable management tools used by sport managers in the fulfilment of their daily tasks. However, the studies that share and analyse the impact of educational experiences that incorporate social media into sport management education for professional purposes are scarce to date. Thus, this study presents an educational innovation piloted in a sport management course where LinkedIn—the social media most associated with the professional sphere—is introduced through an experiential learning methodology, as a driver of students’ career development and as a tool to keep up to date and interact with the sport industry. To assess the learning outcomes, a new scale was developed and tested. A total of 90 Spanish undergraduate sport management students (M = 22.71; SD = 3.84) participated in the study, partaking in a pre-test and a post-test. Regarding the results linked to the testing of the scale, the statistical analysis reflects the scale’s two-dimensional nature, explaining 68.78% of the variance, presenting good psychometric properties (α = 0.95). On the other hand, significant increases in all the scale items between the two measures were obtained, with large effects size in the two dimensions (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.80). Therefore, it is concluded that LinkedIn can help to develop the professional profile of sport management students, Linked(In)g what is taught in the classroom with what the sport industry demands.

scholarly journals International framework agreements: new paths to workers' participation in multinationals' governance?

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Schömann ◽  
André Sobzack ◽  
Eckhard Voss ◽  
Peter Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

This article describes the results of a major study on the impact of codes of conduct and international framework agreements (IFAs) on social regulation at company level. The limits of labour legislation at the national, as well as the international, level provide a strong motivation for both multinationals and trade unions to negotiate and sign IFAs. IFAs offer a way to regulate the social consequences of globalisation and to secure adherence to labour and social standards. They thus form part of the growing political debate on the international working and production standards of private actors. Examination of the negotiation process, the motivations of the parties, and the content of the agreements and implementation measures provides valuable insights into the impact of IFAs on multinationals' behaviour in respect of social dialogue and core labour standards. Finally, the article highlights the influence of such agreements on public policy-making and the limits of private self-regulation at European and international level, addressing the growing and controversial debate on the need for supranational structures to regulate labour standards and industrial relations.

scholarly journals Do gender differences in career aspirations contribute to sticky floors?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Deschacht ◽  
Ann-Sophie De Pauw ◽  
Stijn Baert
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employee Preferences ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Female Professionals ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test hypotheses regarding the importance of employee preferences in explaining sticky floors, the pattern that women are, compared to men, less likely to start to climb the job ladder. Design/methodology/approach The authors use original data obtained using a survey and a vignette study in which participants had to score the likeliness with which they would accept job offers with different promotion characteristics. Findings The main findings are that young female professionals have a less pronounced preference for more demanding and less routinary jobs and that this effect is mediated by the greater risk aversion and anticipated gender discrimination among women. No gender differences were found in the relative likeliness to apply for jobs that involve a promotion in terms of job authority. Research limitations/implications The vignette method assumes that artificial settings with low stakes do not bias results. Another limitation follows from the focus on inter-organizational promotions among young professionals, which raises the question to what extent the results can be generalized to broader settings. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on gender differences in careers by measuring the impact of employee preferences on gender differences in career decisions.

Identifying the Role of Digital Technologies in Sport Spectators Customer Experiences through Qualitative Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Glebova ◽  
Michel Desbordes
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
International Sport ◽  
The Impact

The massive uptake of digital technologies has changed the way how fans and the sports service field communicate and interact. In the current paper, we would like to emphasize the role of technology holistically in sport spectators customer experiences (SSCX) as a "game-changer" marketing in sports and the digitalization of SSCX. In this paper, we aim to explore and qualitatively describe by interviewees verbatim how new technologies impact SSCX. It draws on the literature review, combined with the primary data collected on unstructured interviews with international sport management and technology experts (N=10). It brings sports marketing insights followed by examples from industry professionals. Iterative analysis of data combined with literature review let us achieve to outline the crucial points and trends of technological transformations in sports spectacle. We offer an updated perspective on the SSCX through the prism of the impact of digital technologies and reshaping sports consumption culture. To this end, we develop a conceptual model that captures the nature of modern SSCX influenced by digital technologies. Keywords: technological transformation, sports spectacle, customer experience, co-creation, connectivity

Barriers to Development of Selected Municipalities of Sulu Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-463
Author(s):  
Abdurahim S. Tahil ◽  
Shernahar K. Tahil
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Qualitative Part

This study was conducted to determine the barrier to the development of selected municipalities of Sulu province.  It aimed to find out the Suluanos’ concept of development in terms of political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and ecological aspects, including how these perceived barriers affect the development of Sulu. This research utilized the descriptive method where the Quantitative aspect gathered the data from 400 adults of ten big municipalities using a checklist questionnaire. The respondents were selected through systematic sampling.  For the qualitative part, the collected data were from 90 participants through focus group discussions. The statistical tools used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and group means. The finding revealed that the Suluanos’ concept of development upheld the development policies which are participatory, equitable, appropriateness, concertizing, and environment friendly and the corresponding functions of development such as the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and ecological aspects. Of the five development functions, the economic aspect (2.95) was the main barrier to development.  It is followed by the technological aspect (2.91), the political (2.79), and ecological (2.42) as the fourth rank. On the other hand, the socio-cultural part (2.21) was the least encountered barrier. The perceived barriers that affected the development of Sulu were related to lack of high ethical standards, transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and lack of respect for and commitment to social justice, human rights, environmental life protection, and people's empowerment. Based on the data gathered, the findings made the researcher conclude that the political, economic, technological, socio-cultural, and ecological aspects in Sulu were considered barriers to development.  They were not within the bounds of good governance.   Bureaucracy was weak due to the leaders' personalities, who were neither transactional nor transformational. At the same time, they were not within the context of the alternative model of development. To minimize if not eliminate the barriers to development, the government's efforts should be geared towards accountability to improve the quality of governance and dispensation of justice. Further studies are recommended to determine other predictors that can similarly evaluate the development conditions of Sulu Province.     

scholarly journals ‘Food is life’: Documenting the politics of food in Melanesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Ceridwen Spark
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Population Management ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Impact

In this article, I discuss two recent examples of women’s filmmaking in Melanesia. The documentaries are Tanah Mama (2014), focused on West Papua and Café Niugini (2015), set in Papua New Guinea. Both films explore and represent food in profoundly different ways. Here, I consider their respective depictions of food, demonstrating that Tanah Mama represents food as sustenance while Café Niugini renders food as ‘cuisine’ through the ‘creative performance’ of cookery. Nevertheless, and as I argue, both documentaries reflect the filmmakers’ interest in representing issues associated with food in the Pacific, including the importance of Indigenous access to land, population management, gender roles and the impact of changing cultural values on food consumption and health.

scholarly journals The Importance of Marketing Communication in the Touristic Negotiation

10.26458/1423 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ana Maria MIHALI
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Business World ◽  
Original Field ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with a complex and original field of analysis – the role that promotional communication can have within the commercial negotiation process between tour-operating agencies and hotels. In a business world dominated by competitiveness, every method regarding the optimization of the negotiation process is welcomed from the point of view of modern organizations. Therefore, the present research finds its utility through its scope – measuring the impact of marketing communication upon the stages of the negotiation process in the field of touristic services.I propose a series of factors - variables that influence the different stages of negotiation, and analyse their importance into the context.The research conclusions reveal the fact that some correlations can be outlined between the different aspects of the negotiation process and the promotional communications of the two parties involved. Also, a very interesting path for further research is represented by the effect that the correlation between internal and external marketing communication can have upon the activity of the two partners in the negotiations process.  

scholarly journals UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, October 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Slow Virus ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
The Impact

International travel plunges 70% in the first eight months of 2020 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) declined 70% in the first eight months of 2020 over the same period of last year, amid global travel restrictions including many borders fully closed, to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. International arrivals plunged 81% in July and 79% in August, traditionally the two busiest months of the year and the peak of the Northern Hemisphere summer season. Despite such large declines, this represents a relative improvement over the 90% or greater decreases of the previous months, as some destinations started to reopen to international tourism, mostly in the European Union. The decline in January-August 2020 represents 700 million fewer international tourist arrivals compared to the same period in 2019, and translates into a loss of US$ 730 billion in export revenues from international tourism, more than 8 times the loss in 2009 under the impact of the global economic crisis. Asia and the Pacific, the first region to suffer the impact of the pandemic, saw a 79% decrease in arrivals in January-August 2020. Africa and the Middle East both recorded a 69% drop this eight-month period, while Europe saw a 68% decline and the Americas 65%. Data on international tourism expenditure continues to reflect very weak demand for outbound travel, though in several large markets such as the United States, Germany and Italy there is a small uptick in spending in the months of July and August. Based on latest trends, a 75% decrease in international arrivals is estimated for the month of September and a drop of close to 70% for the whole of 2020. While demand for international travel remains subdued, domestic tourism is strengthening recovery in several large markets such as China and Russia. The UNWTO Confidence Index continues at record lows. Most UNWTO Panel Experts expect a rebound in international tourism by the third quarter of 2021 and a return to pre-pandemic 2019 levels not before 2023. Experts consider travel restrictions as the main barrier weighing on the recovery of international tourism, along with slow virus containment and low consumer confidence.

scholarly journals Implementing Specialized Vestibular Physiotherapy in An Emergency Department: A Process Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Ip ◽  
Melanie Lloyd ◽  
Allison Luscombe ◽  
Danielle Hitch
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Organizational Readiness For Change ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Parihs Framework ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Dizziness and vertigo-like symptoms, often caused by common peripheral vestibular disorders such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), may have a significant detrimental impact on function and quality of life. The impact of these symptoms often result in Emergency Department (ED) presentations. Evidence based clinical practice guidelines strongly recommend the use of physical assessment and treatment maneuvers for the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of implementing specialized vestibular physiotherapy in an emergency department, from the clinician perspective.Methods: This implementation study utilized a retrospective mixed methods process evaluation to understand how specialized vestibular physiotherapy operated in an Australian emergency department. The PARiHS Framework was embedded within the methodology and analytical approach of the study, to ensure a comprehensive approach which was closely aligned to implementation science. Nine clinicians retrospectively completed the Organizational Readiness for Change Assessment (ORCA), Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Seven clinicians also participate in a focus group or interview.Results: A range of barriers and facilitators to the implementation process were identified by participants, some of which spanned multiple domains of the PARiHS framework. Relationships with service leaders, champions and medical staff were found to be a key facilitator to implementation, along with a generally held perception that specialized vestibular physiotherapy was acceptable and feasible. The main barrier identified was a lack of capacity to deliver and support this innovation, both within the physiotherapy workforce and the broader multidisciplinary team.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the process of implementation of a specialized vestibular physiotherapy team in an ED setting was generally well received by clinicians, but also involved some challenges and barriers. Services looking to implement specialized vestibular physiotherapy in the ED may refer to the recommendations arising from the findings of this study to guide their approach to innovation.

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