Exploring NCAA Division I Athletic Administrator Perceptions of Male and Female Athletic Directors’ Achievements: A Photo Elicitation Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Comeaux ◽  
Adam Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Division I ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Administrator Perceptions ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
Gendered Stereotypes

This study employed the concept of hegemonic masculinity as an interpretive framework to explore NCAA Division I athletic administrator perceptions regarding the professional accomplishments of male and female athletic directors. Using photo elicitation methodology, athletic administrators (e.g., athletic directors, academic advisors/counselors for athletes, and coaches) responded to a photograph of and vignette about either a male or female athletic director. This study found that while some athletic administrators were supportive of the achievements of both male and female athletic directors, some subscribed to hegemonic masculinity, gendered stereotypes, and homologous reproduction. These findings have implications for stakeholders in the affairs of athletics who are committed to creating more equitable athletic environments.

Career Implications of Having a Female-Friendly Supervisor

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bednar ◽  
Dora Gicheva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Mentoring Model

The authors study how variations in supervisors’ attitudes toward working with females generate gender differences in workers’ observed career outcomes. The employment records of athletic directors and head coaches in a set of NCAA Division I programs provide longitudinal matched employer–worker data. Supervisors are observed at multiple establishments, which allows the authors to construct a measure of revealed type and to examine its role for the performance and turnover of lower-level employees. The authors observe that the careers of male and female workers progress differently depending on supervisor type in a way that is consistent with a type-based mentoring model. The results suggest that more focus should be placed on managerial attitudes revealed through actions in addition to observable attributes such as gender.

Bases for Determining Need: Perspectives of Intercollegiate Athletic Directors and Athletic Board Chairs

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Mahony ◽  
Mary A. Hums ◽  
Harold A. Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
Program Costs

The distribution of resources in intercollegiate athletics has been controversial for many years. Prior research indicated various stakeholders believed need-based distributions were fair and were more likely to be used. It was not clear, however, how the stakeholders determined need or which sports had the greatest needs. The results of the current study indicate that athletic administrators believe programs need more resources when they lack resources, have high program costs, or lack adequate resources to be competitively successful. Although these three reasons were each identified by all groups, Division I administrators cited competitive success more often, and Division III administrators cited high program costs more often. The current study also found that football was the sport believed to have the greatest needs at both the NCAA Division I and Division III levels, and men’s sports were generally believed to have greater needs.

Graduate-Level Professional Preparation for Athletic Directors

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Cuneen
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Division I ◽  
Sports Management ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Graduate Curriculum

The purpose of this research was to design a curriculum for graduate-level preparation of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and II athletic directors. A survey instrument, consisting of a composite of 41 courses and based on R. Hay's model, Proposed Sports Management Curriculum and Related Strategies, was mailed to the full population of NCAA Division I and II athletic directors (N=569). A total of 307 completed surveys were returned from directors of men's, women's and merged athletic departments. Respondents rated each course using a 5-point Likert scale ranging fromnot important(1) toessential(5). There were 17 courses that were rated very important according to the acceptance criterion of a mean of 3.5 or greater. Results of a 2 × 3 (Division × Program type) factorial ANOVA, with alpha adjusted from .05 to .001 by Bonferroni's contrasting procedure, indicated that there were no differences in determined levels of course importance. It was concluded that a graduate curriculum to prepare a collegiate director of athletics should be implemented through the collaborative effort of an interdisciplinary faculty and that the program should culminate with a doctoral degree.

An Assessment of the Perception of Management and Leadership Skills by Intercollegiate Athletics Conference Commissioners

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Quarterman
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Brain Hemisphere ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Management And Leadership

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the perceptions of intercollegiate athletics conference commissioners regarding skills associated with management and leadership. A descriptive survey design was used to collect the data. The study showed that commissioners (N = 75) of NCAA Division I, II, and III conferences rated skills associated with management higher than those associated with leadership (f[l,69] = 5.109, p = .0001). Based on a 5-point Likert scale, the survey concluded: (a) Overall mean rates for management (M = 3.61, SD = .680) were higher than for leadership (M = 3.28, SD = .636), and (b) mean rates for both management and leadership were above average (M = 3.00). Serendipitously, the skills of management and leadership were discovered to be associated with brain hemisphere and whole brain thinking. The investigation's findings may serve as a guide for further research on management and leadership of intercollegiate athletic administrators.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Desirable Attributes for Strength and Conditioning Coaches as Perceived by Male and Female Population of Collegiate Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Severiano Tiberi ◽  
Jeremy Moody
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study aimed to suggest desirable attributes and characteristics for strength and conditioning coaches as perceived by the male and female population of collegiate athletes and statistically evaluate differences of perception between genders. Participants were 99 NCAA division I student-athletes (Male=56, Female=43) aged between 18-22 years of age, with a mean of 2.98 S&C sessions per week. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire to rank the importance of 17 research-based attributes through a 5-point Likert-type-scale. Descriptive statistics revealed that overall, “knowledgeable” and “communicative” were considered the most important attributes, whereas “overall size/muscularity” and “male gender” were the least desirable. With regards to perceived importance, attributes were ranked in the following order: knowledgeable, communicative, motivator, trustworthy, give positive feedback, approachable, organised, supportive, positive, honest, confident, role model, intense, physical fitness, sense of humour, overall size/muscularity, male gender. “Male gender” as an attribute was identified as the only significant difference in perception between genders (p = .017). The observed results are consistent with previous research that highlighted how several attributes and characteristics are important for strength and conditioning coaches. Thus, these results might foster reflection and guide personal and professional development of strength and conditioning coaches.

scholarly journals Are Female Supervisors More Female-Friendly?

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bednar ◽  
Dora Gicheva
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Mentoring Relationship

We introduce the idea that easily inferable demographic characteristics such as gender may not be sufficient to define type in the supervisor-employee mentoring relationship. We use longitudinal data on athletic directors at NCAA Division I programs to identify through observed mobility the propensity of top-level administrators to hire and retain female head coaches, above and beyond an organization's culture. We show that supervisor gender appears to be unrelated to female friendliness in this setting. Overall, our findings indicate that more focus should be placed on the more complex manager type defined by attitudes in addition to attributes.

The Demand for Programs at a College Football Game: OLS and LMS Estimates of Optimal Prices

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-229
Author(s):  
Stephen Jarrell ◽  
Robert F. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Football Game ◽  
Football Programs

College athletic directors face the difficulty of setting a price for goods and services they provide to the public. One complementary good provided as a part of major college sports events is game-day programs. This paper estimates a demand function for football programs using 11 years of data for an NCAA Division I-AA college. Least median of squares (LMS), a new outlier-resistant estimation technique, is used to refine the model and provide a more useful estimate of the demand function. The revenue- and profit-maximizing program price is found and compared with prices actually charged throughout the sample period.

Distributive Justice in Intercollegiate Athletics: Perceptions of Athletic Directors and Athletic Board Chairs

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Mahony ◽  
Mary A. Hums ◽  
Harold A. Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Division Iii

Hums and Chelladurai (1994b) found NCAA coaches and administrators believed distributing resources based on equality and need was more just than distributing them based on equity (i.e., contribution). However, Mahony and Pastore (1998) found actual distributions, particularly at the NCAA Division I level, appear to be based on equity over equality and need. The main purpose of the current study was to determine why the findings in these studies differed. The authors of the current study reexamined the principles from Hums and Chelladurai's (1994b) study, while making significant changes in the sample examined, asking new questions, and adding more distribution options. The results indicated that need based principles were considered to be the most fair, but there was less support for equality than in prior research. In addition, the current study found differences between Division I and Division III administrators with regards to some equality and equity based principles.

scholarly journals Testing The Utility Of The Pythagorean Expectation Formula On Division One College Football: An Examination And Comparison To The Morey Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Cary A. Caro ◽  
Ryan Machtmes
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
College Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Football Programs ◽  
Defense Production ◽  
Division I Football

<p>The Pythagorean Expectation Formula was the impetus for the statistical revolution of Major League Baseball. The formula, introduced by Bill James, has been used by baseball statisticians to forecast the number of wins a team should have given the total number of runs scored versus those allowed. Since its use in baseball, the formula has been applied to the NFL, the NBA, and the NHL. This study examines if the original formula, as introduced by James, can be fitted for and used to retrospectively predict winning percentage for NCAA Division I football teams. Residual analysis helps the authors conclude that the Pythagorean Expectation Formula provides an accurate prediction of the expected winning percentage for a team given its scoring offense and scoring defense production. Given the formulas predictive ability, coaches and athletic directors can now examine the achievement of their teams and make decisions about filling potential vacancies at college football programs.</p>

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