scholarly journals Are Female Supervisors More Female-Friendly?

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bednar ◽  
Dora Gicheva
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Mentoring Relationship

We introduce the idea that easily inferable demographic characteristics such as gender may not be sufficient to define type in the supervisor-employee mentoring relationship. We use longitudinal data on athletic directors at NCAA Division I programs to identify through observed mobility the propensity of top-level administrators to hire and retain female head coaches, above and beyond an organization's culture. We show that supervisor gender appears to be unrelated to female friendliness in this setting. Overall, our findings indicate that more focus should be placed on the more complex manager type defined by attitudes in addition to attributes.

Career Implications of Having a Female-Friendly Supervisor

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bednar ◽  
Dora Gicheva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Mentoring Model

The authors study how variations in supervisors’ attitudes toward working with females generate gender differences in workers’ observed career outcomes. The employment records of athletic directors and head coaches in a set of NCAA Division I programs provide longitudinal matched employer–worker data. Supervisors are observed at multiple establishments, which allows the authors to construct a measure of revealed type and to examine its role for the performance and turnover of lower-level employees. The authors observe that the careers of male and female workers progress differently depending on supervisor type in a way that is consistent with a type-based mentoring model. The results suggest that more focus should be placed on managerial attitudes revealed through actions in addition to observable attributes such as gender.

NCAA Division I Female Head Coaches’ Experiences of Exemplary Care Within Coaching

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah K. Knust ◽  
Leslee Anne Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
The Self ◽  
Division I ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Ongoing Development

In this paper, the experiences of 12 NCAA Division I female head coaches exemplifying care in their coaching are described. After a brief review of literature and terms, coaches’ own words from interview transcripts are used to illustrate four major themes: (a) team as “family”; (b) holistic care of student-athletes; (c) development of the “self-as-coach”; and (d) institutional care. We conclude by addressing why we believe that care is a coach education issue and why coaches should engage with the ongoing development of exemplary care.

scholarly journals More than Just Letting Them Play: Parental Influence on Women’s Lifetime Sport Involvement

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene A. Dixon ◽  
Stacy M. Warner ◽  
Jennifer E. Bruening
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Enduring Involvement ◽  
Participation Decisions

This qualitative study uses expectancy-value and life course theories (Giele & Elder, 1998) to examine both the proximal and distal impact of early family socialization on enduring female participation in sport. Seventeen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female head coaches from the U.S. participated in interviews regarding parental influence on their sport involvement. Participants revealed three general mechanisms of sport socialization: a) role modeling, b) providing experience, and c) interpreting experience. Parental influence impacted their enduring involvement in sport by normalizing the sport experience, particularly in terms of gender, and by allowing them a voice in their own participation decisions. Insights regarding the roles of both parents and the interactive and contextual nature of socialization for increasing female participation are discussed.

Graduate-Level Professional Preparation for Athletic Directors

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Cuneen
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Division I ◽  
Sports Management ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Graduate Curriculum

The purpose of this research was to design a curriculum for graduate-level preparation of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and II athletic directors. A survey instrument, consisting of a composite of 41 courses and based on R. Hay's model, Proposed Sports Management Curriculum and Related Strategies, was mailed to the full population of NCAA Division I and II athletic directors (N=569). A total of 307 completed surveys were returned from directors of men's, women's and merged athletic departments. Respondents rated each course using a 5-point Likert scale ranging fromnot important(1) toessential(5). There were 17 courses that were rated very important according to the acceptance criterion of a mean of 3.5 or greater. Results of a 2 × 3 (Division × Program type) factorial ANOVA, with alpha adjusted from .05 to .001 by Bonferroni's contrasting procedure, indicated that there were no differences in determined levels of course importance. It was concluded that a graduate curriculum to prepare a collegiate director of athletics should be implemented through the collaborative effort of an interdisciplinary faculty and that the program should culminate with a doctoral degree.

Exploring NCAA Division I Athletic Administrator Perceptions of Male and Female Athletic Directors’ Achievements: A Photo Elicitation Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Comeaux ◽  
Adam Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Division I ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Administrator Perceptions ◽  
Athletic Administrators ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Elicitation Study ◽  
Gendered Stereotypes

This study employed the concept of hegemonic masculinity as an interpretive framework to explore NCAA Division I athletic administrator perceptions regarding the professional accomplishments of male and female athletic directors. Using photo elicitation methodology, athletic administrators (e.g., athletic directors, academic advisors/counselors for athletes, and coaches) responded to a photograph of and vignette about either a male or female athletic director. This study found that while some athletic administrators were supportive of the achievements of both male and female athletic directors, some subscribed to hegemonic masculinity, gendered stereotypes, and homologous reproduction. These findings have implications for stakeholders in the affairs of athletics who are committed to creating more equitable athletic environments.

scholarly journals Are Women Coached by Women More Likely to Become Sport Coaches? Head Coach Gender and Female Collegiate Athletes’ Entry into the Coaching Profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matea Wasend ◽  
Nicole M. LaVoi
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes

A plethora of research on barriers facing women in the coaching profession exists, but less attention has been devoted to female student-athletes’ transition into coaching. Some research suggests that female athletes who are coached by women are more likely to become coaches. In the present study, existing research is extended by examining the relationship between collegiate female basketball players’ post-playing career behavior and the gender of their collegiate head coach. Two research questions are addressed: (1) Are female collegiate Division-I basketball players who are coached by female head coaches more likely to enter the coaching profession than athletes who are coached by men? And; (2) If female basketball players do enter coaching, are those who were coached by women more likely to persist in coaching? Collegiate head coach gender did not emerge as a significant predictor of athletes’ likelihood to enter coaching, but logistic regression indicated that athletes who did enter coaching were 4.1-times more likely to stay in coaching if they had a female head coach. This study extends the scarce and outdated body of research on the potential salience of same-sex coaching role models for female athletes and provides baseline data on collegiate athletes’ entry rate into coaching, lending support to advocacy aimed at reversing the current stagnation of women in the sport coaching profession.

“Good Old Boys” and “Good Old Girls” Clubs: Myth or Reality?

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Lovett ◽  
Carla D. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Title Ix ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Women Coaches ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Homologous Reproduction ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Old Boys Network

Two reasons given for the dramatic decline in the percentage of women coaches since the passage of Title IX have been the effectiveness of the “good old boys” network and the lack or ineffectiveness of the “good old girls” network. With homologous reproduction used as a theoretical basis for these networks, 1,106 public secondary schools were surveyed to determine their administrative structures based on the sex of the principals and the athletic directors. Two types of administrative structures were identified with four models under each type. The numbers of male and female head coaches in the girls' athletics program under each administrative structure were determined and analyzed for independence. Significant differences were found between the different administrative models and the gender of the head coaches. Findings are discussed in terms of the prevailing administrative structures and the representation of females in coaching as a result of the dominant group reproducing itself.

The Demand for Programs at a College Football Game: OLS and LMS Estimates of Optimal Prices

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-229
Author(s):  
Stephen Jarrell ◽  
Robert F. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Football Game ◽  
Football Programs

College athletic directors face the difficulty of setting a price for goods and services they provide to the public. One complementary good provided as a part of major college sports events is game-day programs. This paper estimates a demand function for football programs using 11 years of data for an NCAA Division I-AA college. Least median of squares (LMS), a new outlier-resistant estimation technique, is used to refine the model and provide a more useful estimate of the demand function. The revenue- and profit-maximizing program price is found and compared with prices actually charged throughout the sample period.

Distributive Justice in Intercollegiate Athletics: Perceptions of Athletic Directors and Athletic Board Chairs

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Mahony ◽  
Mary A. Hums ◽  
Harold A. Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Division I ◽  
Division Iii

Hums and Chelladurai (1994b) found NCAA coaches and administrators believed distributing resources based on equality and need was more just than distributing them based on equity (i.e., contribution). However, Mahony and Pastore (1998) found actual distributions, particularly at the NCAA Division I level, appear to be based on equity over equality and need. The main purpose of the current study was to determine why the findings in these studies differed. The authors of the current study reexamined the principles from Hums and Chelladurai's (1994b) study, while making significant changes in the sample examined, asking new questions, and adding more distribution options. The results indicated that need based principles were considered to be the most fair, but there was less support for equality than in prior research. In addition, the current study found differences between Division I and Division III administrators with regards to some equality and equity based principles.

scholarly journals Testing The Utility Of The Pythagorean Expectation Formula On Division One College Football: An Examination And Comparison To The Morey Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Cary A. Caro ◽  
Ryan Machtmes
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
College Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Football Programs ◽  
Defense Production ◽  
Division I Football

<p>The Pythagorean Expectation Formula was the impetus for the statistical revolution of Major League Baseball. The formula, introduced by Bill James, has been used by baseball statisticians to forecast the number of wins a team should have given the total number of runs scored versus those allowed. Since its use in baseball, the formula has been applied to the NFL, the NBA, and the NHL. This study examines if the original formula, as introduced by James, can be fitted for and used to retrospectively predict winning percentage for NCAA Division I football teams. Residual analysis helps the authors conclude that the Pythagorean Expectation Formula provides an accurate prediction of the expected winning percentage for a team given its scoring offense and scoring defense production. Given the formulas predictive ability, coaches and athletic directors can now examine the achievement of their teams and make decisions about filling potential vacancies at college football programs.</p>

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