Mobilizing Fun: Provisioning Resources in Leisure Worlds

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Alan Fine
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Little League ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Over Time

Despite the tendency to think of leisure activity in terms of personal preferences, leisure can also be understood in terms of the ability of organizations to provide resources for participants. Drawing on the resource mobilization approach to social movements, I outline a theoretical approach, labeled Provisioning Theory, which attempts to explain how leisure organizations use resources to attract and retain participants. Organizations must mobilize “fun” for members if they are to continue over time and the leisure activity is to increase in popularity. After describing how Provisioning Theory applies to a voluntary leisure subculture (mushroom collecting), I examine two special cases of the provisioning of resources: games that are “owned” or controlled by a corporation (Dungeons & Dragons) and voluntary sports activities organized with multiple levels of authority (Little League baseball).

How Collective-Action Failure Shapes Group Heterogeneity and Engagement in Conventional and Radical Action Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097056
Author(s):  
Morgana Lizzio-Wilson ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Brittany Wilcockson ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Extensive research has identified factors influencing collective-action participation. However, less is known about how collective-action outcomes (i.e., success and failure) shape engagement in social movements over time. Using data collected before and after the 2017 marriage-equality debate in Australia, we conducted a latent profile analysis that indicated that success unified supporters of change ( n = 420), whereas failure created subgroups among opponents ( n = 419), reflecting four divergent responses: disengagement (resigned acceptors), moderate disengagement and continued investment (moderates), and renewed commitment to the cause using similar strategies (stay-the-course opponents) or new strategies (innovators). Resigned acceptors were least inclined to act following failure, whereas innovators were generally more likely to engage in conventional action and justify using radical action relative to the other profiles. These divergent reactions were predicted by differing baseline levels of social identification, group efficacy, and anger. Collective-action outcomes dynamically shape participation in social movements; this is an important direction for future research.

scholarly journals Modeling Belief in Dynamic Systems, Part II: Revision and Update

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Friedman ◽  
J. Y. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Belief Revision ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Epistemic Modalities ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Framework

The study of belief change has been an active area in philosophy and AI. In recent years two special cases of belief change, belief revision and belief update, have been studied in detail. In a companion paper (Friedman & Halpern, 1997), we introduce a new framework to model belief change. This framework combines temporal and epistemic modalities with a notion of plausibility, allowing us to examine the change of beliefs over time. In this paper, we show how belief revision and belief update can be captured in our framework. This allows us to compare the assumptions made by each method, and to better understand the principles underlying them. In particular, it shows that Katsuno and Mendelzon's notion of belief update (Katsuno & Mendelzon, 1991a) depends on several strong assumptions that may limit its applicability in artificial intelligence. Finally, our analysis allow us to identify a notion of minimal change that underlies a broad range of belief change operations including revision and update.

Behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders: Multiple levels of a resilience process

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Amey Degnan ◽  
Nathan A. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Withdrawal Motivation ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Over Time

Behavioral inhibition is reported to be one of the most stable temperamental characteristics in childhood. However, there is also evidence for discontinuity of this trait, with infants and toddlers who were extremely inhibited displaying less withdrawn social behavior as school-age children or adolescents. There are many possible explanations for the discontinuity in this temperament over time. They include the development of adaptive attention and regulatory skills, the influence of particular styles of parenting or caregiving contexts, and individual characteristics of the child such as their level of approach–withdrawal motivation or their gender. These discontinuous trajectories of behaviorally inhibited children and the factors that form them are discussed as examples of the resilience process.

Trajectories of Leisure Activity and Disability in Older Adults Over 11 Years in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei Yu ◽  
Tung-liang Chiang ◽  
Duan-Rung Chen ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu ◽  
Ya-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Over Time

We aimed to identify leisure activity (LA) trajectories and examined the association among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and the later disability among older Taiwanese adults. Data were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging Survey for the years 1996-2007 ( N = 3,186). LA trajectories were identified by using latent class growth curve modeling. Regression analyses were applied to predict the relationships among baseline characteristics, LA trajectories, and disability. Four LA trajectories—consistent high, consistent low, increasing, and decreasing—were identified. Lower depressive symptom was related to consistently active in LAs. Younger age and fewer comorbidities were related to develop an increasing LA trajectory. Participants in the consistent-high or increasing LA trajectories were more likely to be functionally independent, but those in the decreasing LA subgroup were more at risk of developing disability. The findings suggested that long-term changes in LA over time have benefits on physical health in older population.

The Meaning of Correctional Crowding: Steps Toward an Index of Severity

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Klofas ◽  
Stan Stojkovic ◽  
David A. Kalinich
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Index Of Severity ◽  
Over Time

Correctional crowding remains an ill-defined and poorly measured concept, particularly at the institutional level. Its usefulness for research and management is limited because measures do not facilitate comparisons over time or across facilities. To address this problem, a focus group was used to identify variables for an index of the severity of jail crowding. Group members described a comprehensive model of jail crowding in which severity is a function of population factors, facilities, and management practices. The participants also drew on a theoretical approach to understanding institutions that has received little attention in the study of prison or jail crowding.

scholarly journals A walk in the park: political emotions and ethnographic vacillation in activist research

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa L Petray
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Power And Resistance ◽  
Political Emotions

Critically engaged activist research blends a theoretical approach towards power and resistance with a practical methodology for ethnographies of social movements. However, when undertaking this sort of research it can be easy to lose sight of critical analysis because of the political emotions that researchers share with activist participants. I was reminded of the need for critical reflection by a particularly jarring ethnographic moment: during a quiet, early morning walk through Brisbane’s Musgrave Park I became a witness in a murder investigation. This moment, and the aftermath of it, led me to critically analyse my own political emotions and those of my research participants. This article examines the role of activist researchers through the lens of my moment in the park. I argue that, while it is important to share political emotions with research participants, activist researchers must remain reflexive and critical of those emotions.

Social Movements and the State

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Resource Mobilization Theory ◽  
Mobilization Theory

This article modifies resource mobilization theory to emphasize interaction among social movements, countermovements, and government agencies. The framework developed for tracing social movement-state relationships gives special attention to movement and countermovement agency alignments. There are six stages of movement-state relationships illustrated with an analysis of the contemporary environmental movement.

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