Motivational Antecedents of Precompetitive Anxiety in Youth Sport

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard K. Hall ◽  
Alistair W. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Motivational Constructs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measuring Achievement

The present investigation tested the conceptual links between goal orientations and achievement anxiety which have been suggested by Roberts (1986) and Dweck and Leggett (1988). One hundred and eleven junior fencers between the ages of 10 and 18 completed a series of questionnaires measuring achievement goals (TEOSQ), perceived ability and multidimensional state anxiety (CSAI-2) on four occasions prior to a regional fencing tournament. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived ability was a consistent predictor of all three dimensions of the CSAI-2 at each different time period. In addition, an ego orientation was found to contribute significantly to the prediction of cognitive anxiety on two occasions prior to competition. When goals assessed immediately before performing were entered as predictors of CSAI-2 dimensions, a task orientation was found to contribute to the prediction of both somatic anxiety and confidence. The findings also suggest that an awareness of an athlete’s achievement goals and perceived ability will allow coaches a more parsimonious understanding of the motivational antecedents of precompetitive anxiety than previous approaches which have considered other motivational constructs to be crucial antecedents of precompetitive affect (e.g., Swain & Jones, 1992).

Prediction of Goal Orientation and Perceived Competence on Intensity and Direction of Precompetitive Anxiety among Adolescent Handball Players

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Huang Li ◽  
Likang Chi
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the main and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on intensity and direction of the symptoms of precompetitive cognitive and somatic anxiety. 109 handball players from 16 high school teams ( M = 16.2 yr., SD = 1.5) participated. All were asked to complete the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, Perceived Competence Questionnaire, and a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Using separated multiple hierarchical regression analyses, direction of the symptoms of precompetitive somatic anxiety was predicted by perceived competence and interaction of ego orientation x perceived competence. Perceived competence and the interaction of ego orientation x task orientation x perceived competence were significant predictors of direction of the symptoms of precompetitive cognitive anxiety. The results suggest that perceptions of competence and task orientation moderate the relationship between ego orientation and direction of the symptoms of precompetitive anxiety.

Relationship of Player Status and Time of Season to Achievement Goals and Perceived Ability in Interscholastic Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Petlichkoff
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Achievement Goal Orientations ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Interscholastic Sport ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Interscholastic Athletes ◽  
Relationship Of

The purpose of this investigation was to replicate and extend previous research (16) that examined group differences (starters, primary and secondary substitutes) on achievement goal orientations, perceived ability, and level of satisfaction. Athletes (N=417), ranging in age from 14 to 18 years, responded to an interscholastic sport questionnaire at preseason and postseason. Multivariate analyses revealed significant player status and time-of-season main effects for males, females, and age groups 14–15 years, 16 years, and 17–18 years. Follow-up analyses indicated that starters were significantly higher on their perceived ability rating than primary and secondary substitutes. Group differences also revealed there were player status differences on the ability and mastery goal orientations for males and females, and for 17- to 18-year-olds. The time main effect revealed that the mastery orientation decreased from the preseason to postseason assessment.

Goal Orientations, Perceptions of Aggression, and Sportspersonship in Elite Male Youth Ice Hockey Players

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G.H. Dunn ◽  
Janice Causgrove Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Goal Theory ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Ego Orientation

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between goal orientations, perceptions of athletic aggression, and sportspersonship among elite male youth ice hockey players (M age = 13.08 years). Athletes (N = 171) completed questionnaires to assess their goal orientations, attitudes toward directing aggressive behaviors during competition, and non-aggression-related sportspersonship. In accordance with Vallerand, Deshaies, Cuerrier, Brière, and Pelletier (1996), sportspersonship was conceptualized as a five-dimensional construct. Multiple regression analyses revealed that high ego-oriented athletes were more inclined to approve of aggressive behaviors than those with low ego orientation. Players with higher levels of task orientation (rather than low task orientation) had higher sportspersonship levels on three dimensions. An analysis of goal orientation patterns revealed that regardless of ego orientation, low (compared to high) task orientation was more motivationally detrimental to several sportspersonship dimensions. The practical implications of these results are discussed in the context of Nicholls’s (1989) achievement goal theory.

scholarly journals The role of dispositional factors achievement goals and volition in the formation of athletic identity people with physical disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Ioannis Proios
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Dispositional Factors

Introduction: According to cognitive identity theory internal components can be likely to influence athletic identity formation. The purpose of the present study was to examine relationship between athletic identity of people with physical disabilities and goal perspectives (task and ego) and volitional competences (persistence, purposefulness and expedience). Material and methods: The participants were 134 people with physical disability (n=103 men, and n=31 women). Their age ranging from 14 to 67 years (M=34.98, SD=10.59). All participants participated in physical activities (competitive and recreational). The subjects filled in three questionnaires: Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Measure Athletes’ Volition – Short (MAV-S). Results: The results revealed that goal orientations and volitional competencies can be predictors of athletic identity dimensions for people with disabilities participating in physical activities. In addition, they suggested that task orientation predicts the three identities (social β=0.43, exclusivity β=0.31 and negative affectivity β=0.38), purposefulness competence predicts two identities (social β=0.34 and exclusivity β=0.30), while persistence competence predicts the negative affectivity identity (β=0.49). Conclusions: In conclusion, dispositional factors achievement goals and volitional competencies can be predicting the athletic identity dimensions.

Orthogonality of Achievement Goals and Its Relationship to Beliefs about Success and Satisfaction in Sport

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn C. Roberts ◽  
Darren C. Treasure ◽  
Maria Kavussanu
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Achievement Goal Orientations ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Research Task ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between dispositional achievement goal orientations and satisfaction and beliefs about success in sport. Participants were 333 students who were administered the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) (Roberts & Balague, 1989,1991; Roberts, Treasure, & Balague, 1995), Beliefs about Success, and Satisfaction/Interest/Boredom Questionnaires (Duda & Nicholls, 1992). Consistent with theory (Nicholls, 1984, 1989) and previous research, task and ego goal orientations were found to be orthogonal. Following an extreme group split of the task and ego subscales of the POSQ, results of a 2 X 2 (High/Low Ego; High/Low Task) multivariate analyses of variance revealed a significant interaction effect between task and ego orientation. Specifically, participants high in ego and low in task orientation believed effort to be less a cause of success while high tasMow ego-oriented individuals were the least likely to attribute success to external factors. The findings are discussed in terms of their motivational implications for athletes.

Precompetitive Anxiety in Sport: The Contribution of Achievement Goals and Perfectionism

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard K. Hall ◽  
Alistair W. Kerr ◽  
Julie Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
And Task

This investigation employed Smith’s (1996) model of performance-related anxiety to examine links between perfectionism, achievement goals, and the temporal patterning of multidimensional state anxiety in 119 high school runners. Instruments assessed achievement goals (Roberts & Balague, 1989), perfectionism (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990), and multidimensional state anxiety (Martens, Burton, & Vealey, 1990) on 4 occasions prior to a cross-country meet. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that overall perfectionism was a consistent, significant predictor of cognitive anxiety. Perceived ability was a consistent predictor of confidence, and ego and task goals contributed to the prediction of cognitive anxiety and confidence, respectively. Concern over mistakes, doubts about action, and personal standards were consistent predictors of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and confidence, respectively. The findings help further develop Smith’s (1996) model and suggest that the appraisal process underlying multidimensional state anxiety is influenced by individual differences in a number of achievement-related constructs.

Achievement Goals and Moral Competence in Sport

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Mouratidou ◽  
Vassilis Barkoukis ◽  
Stelios Rizos
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Avoidance Performance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Perceived Ability

Achievement goal approaches proliferated that mastery goals are associated with higher moral competence compared to performance goals. Several demographic characteristics have also been found to influence this relationship. The 2 × 2 achievement goal approach is the newest development in achievement goal approaches suggesting the existence of four achievement goals: mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, and performance avoidance. So far there has been no research evidence associating these achievement goals to moral competence and the role of demographic characteristics. The present study was designed to examine the effect of the 2 × 2 achievement goals on moral competence and the moderating role of athletes’ age, experience, playing position, level and league of participation, education, job, and perceived ability. The sample of the study was comprised of 208 football and basketball athletes (Mage = 22.71 years old and SD ±5.09 years). The participants completed a Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Achievement Goals Questionnaire – Sport and the Moral Judgment Test. The results of the moderated hierarchical regression analyses indicated that athletes’ adopting performance goals were associated with low moral competence. This relationship was moderated by several demographic characteristics such as age and experience, level of participation, and perceived ability. Among athletes adopting performance-approach goals, less moral competent athletes were found to be the older, the more experienced, and those participating in professional clubs. Among performance-avoidance-oriented athletes those with high perceived ability revealed less moral competence. No significant effect was found regarding mastery goals. These findings provide important information regarding the effect of achievement goals on moral competence and the role several demographic characteristics can play.

Moral Functioning in Sport: An Achievement Goal Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Glyn C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Moral Functioning ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
And Behavior

This study examined the role of achievement goals on indices of moral functioning (i.e., moral judgment, intention and behavior), unsportsmanlike attitudes, and judgments about the legitimacy of intentionally injurious acts in college basketball players. Male (n = 56) and female (n = 143) athletes completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences according to gender on the variables of interest. Specifically, male athletes reported higher ego orientation, lower task orientation, lower levels of moral functioning, and greater approval of unsportsmanlike behaviors, and they were more likely than females to judge injurious acts as legitimate. For the female sample, canonical correlation analysis indicated the presence of a significant but weak relationship between goal orientations and the set of moral variables. Higher ego orientation was related to lower levels of the judgment and intention indices of moral functioning and greater acceptance of intentionally injurious acts. Although this relationship was significant, the strength of the association between the two sets of variables accounted for only 9% of the variance in the set of moral variables.

Senior Olympians’ Achievement Goals and Motivational Responses

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Newton ◽  
Mary D. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Perspective Theory ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
Senior Athletes

The purpose of this study was of examine the motivational perspectives of athletes participating in the Senior Olympic Games. One hundred thirty-seven senior athletes (54 males. 82 females, and 1 nonidentifier) completed measures of goal orientations, beliefs about the causes of success in sport, intrinsic motivation, and views about the purpose of sport. Multivariate analysis revealed a positive association between task orientation and intrinsic motivation, the belief that success in sport is achieved through hard work, and self-improvement-based purposes of sport. In contrast, ego orientation was associated with the belief that success in sport is achieved by those who are gifted with natural ability and who know how to maximize external and deceptive factors. Further, ego orientation was linked to the belief that the purpose of sport was for personal gain. The motivational implications of the present findings are discussed based on the tenets of goal perspective theory.

Modeling the Relation of Goal Orientations to Achievement-Related Affect in Physical Education: Does Perceived Ability Matter?

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Symeon Vlachopoulos ◽  
Stuart J.H. Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Achievement Goal Orientations ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Ego Orientation

This study investigated likely determinants of achievement-related affect in physical education. In particular, interrelationships were examined between achievement goal orientations, success perceptions, personally controllable attributions, and achievement-related affect based on data collected from 1,070 British students aged 11-16 years. A positive association emerged between task orientation and success perception, but not between ego orientation and success perception. In addition, perceived success positively influenced personally controllable attributions and positive affect, but had no effect on negative emotion. Furthermore, personally controllable attributions augmented positive emotion and minimized negative affect. Perceived ability moderated the relation between ego orientation and personally controllable attributions. Hence, under the low perceived ability condition, ego orientation was associated with personally uncontrollable attributions, but the opposite was true for the high perceived ability group. An enhancement of both task orientation and perceived athletic competence is needed for adolescents to derive positive affective experiences from physical education.

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