Precompetitive Anxiety in Sport: The Contribution of Achievement Goals and Perfectionism

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard K. Hall ◽  
Alistair W. Kerr ◽  
Julie Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
And Task

This investigation employed Smith’s (1996) model of performance-related anxiety to examine links between perfectionism, achievement goals, and the temporal patterning of multidimensional state anxiety in 119 high school runners. Instruments assessed achievement goals (Roberts & Balague, 1989), perfectionism (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990), and multidimensional state anxiety (Martens, Burton, & Vealey, 1990) on 4 occasions prior to a cross-country meet. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that overall perfectionism was a consistent, significant predictor of cognitive anxiety. Perceived ability was a consistent predictor of confidence, and ego and task goals contributed to the prediction of cognitive anxiety and confidence, respectively. Concern over mistakes, doubts about action, and personal standards were consistent predictors of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and confidence, respectively. The findings help further develop Smith’s (1996) model and suggest that the appraisal process underlying multidimensional state anxiety is influenced by individual differences in a number of achievement-related constructs.

Trait-State Anxiety, Worry, Emotionality, and Self-Confidence in Top-Level Soccer Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Man ◽  
Iva Stuchlíková ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cognitive Interference ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spielberger’s trait-state anxiety theory suggests that persons high in trait anxiety have a greater tendency to perceive an ego-involving situation as threatening, and hence, they are expected to respond to this situation with elevated state anxiety (A-state). To test this hypothesis measurements of A-trait (low vs. high) as a between-subjects factor, measurements of stress level (low vs. high) as a within-subjects factor, and measurements of state anxiety, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and cognitive interference as dependent variables were made on 45 top-level soccer players. Statistical analysis revealed a significant person-situation interaction only in self-confidence. The lack of sensitivity in the state anxiety scores can be ascribed to the fact that soccer players play important games regularly and so become desensitized to precompetitive anxiety responses. A subsequent multiple regression analysis showed that task irrelevant cognitions are correlated only with cognitive anxiety and not with either self-confidence or somatic anxiety.

Motivational Antecedents of Precompetitive Anxiety in Youth Sport

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard K. Hall ◽  
Alistair W. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Motivational Constructs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measuring Achievement

The present investigation tested the conceptual links between goal orientations and achievement anxiety which have been suggested by Roberts (1986) and Dweck and Leggett (1988). One hundred and eleven junior fencers between the ages of 10 and 18 completed a series of questionnaires measuring achievement goals (TEOSQ), perceived ability and multidimensional state anxiety (CSAI-2) on four occasions prior to a regional fencing tournament. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived ability was a consistent predictor of all three dimensions of the CSAI-2 at each different time period. In addition, an ego orientation was found to contribute significantly to the prediction of cognitive anxiety on two occasions prior to competition. When goals assessed immediately before performing were entered as predictors of CSAI-2 dimensions, a task orientation was found to contribute to the prediction of both somatic anxiety and confidence. The findings also suggest that an awareness of an athlete’s achievement goals and perceived ability will allow coaches a more parsimonious understanding of the motivational antecedents of precompetitive anxiety than previous approaches which have considered other motivational constructs to be crucial antecedents of precompetitive affect (e.g., Swain & Jones, 1992).

scholarly journals Does Perfectionism Predict Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Life Satisfaction After Controlling for Neuroticism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Smith ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Gonggu Yan ◽  
Simon B. Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes

Abstract. Neuroticism overlaps substantially with several perfectionism dimensions, depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction. Accordingly, research testing whether perfectionism dimensions explain unique variance in these outcomes beyond neuroticism is needed. Research on cultural differences in perfectionism is also scarce. And it is especially unclear whether the link between perfectionism and psychological distress differs across individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Our study addressed these important gaps in knowledge. A sample of undergraduates from a traditionally individualistic culture (Canada; N = 449) and a traditionally collectivistic culture (China; N = 585) completed measures of self-oriented perfectionism, personal standards, socially prescribed perfectionism, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life. To test the incremental validity of perfectionism dimensions beyond neuroticism, as well as to test potential moderating effects of culture, four hierarchical regression analyses with interactions were conducted. Results supported the explanatory power of concern over mistakes and doubts about actions, beyond neuroticism and culture, in the prediction of depression, anxiety, and stress. As the first study to explore the incremental validity of perfectionism dimensions across undergraduates from traditionally individualistic and collectivistic cultures, our research both extends and clarifies understanding of the predictive power of perfectionism in important ways.

Relationship between Two Aspects of Perfectionism and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship

In this study was investigated the relationship between two aspects of perfectionism (Concern over Mistakes and Personal Standards) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. College students (57 men and 193 women: M age = 19.5 yr., SD = 1.9) majoring in psychology were from introductory psychology classes and a psychological assessment practice class. They completed the Padua Inventory, which assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the subscales of Concern over Mistakes and Personal Standards of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, which assess the tendency to be concerned about making mistakes and the tendency to set excessively high standards, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that only the Concern over Mistakes scores predicted significantly all Padua Inventory subscale scores. Perhaps only being concerned over making mistakes may be associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The tendency to set high standards was not strongly correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Further, the relationship between setting high standards and having obsessive-compulsive symptoms reported in previous studies may be spurious. Further work is required to untangle these associations.

scholarly journals Difference Among Similarity: A Study on Macao Students’ Adjustment Experiences in Taiwan’s Higher Education Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 209653112091877
Author(s):  
Chi Fong Chan ◽  
Ying-Jie Jheng
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
International Students ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Adjustment Issues

Purpose: Instead of studying cross-country problems of international students, this study focused on cross-region issues to explore whether Macao students have adjustment issues while studying and living in Taiwan. Design/Approach/Methods: A total of 663 Macao students were surveyed in Taiwan, and the statistical methods, including correlation, t-test, analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression analysis were addressed to analyze the data. Findings: Macao students, even while studying in a Chinese context, did have social and psychological adjustment issues (i.e., social support and self-efficacy). Originality/Value: This study could shed some light on understanding cross-region students as well as providing practical guides for relevant governmental departments in their policy regarding cross-border students.

scholarly journals Mental toughness as predictor of state anxiety of Serbian athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ivana Zubić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
The One

The goal of this research was to test whether and to what extent mental toughness contribute to the explanation of state anxiety in athletes. This study relied on a multidimensional construct of anxiety which includes somatic and cognitive anxiety. Dimensions of anxiety were measured with “Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2” (cognitive and somatic anxiety), and mental toughness was measured with “Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire”. The research sample consisted of 117 athletes, 67 men and 50 women, who have been actively engaged in various competitive sports. The structure of the sample by age was: 64 athletes are from 20 to 25 years old; 19 respondents aged 25 to 30; 31 athletes aged 30 to 35; and 4 respondents are over 35 years old. The results showed statistically significant correlations between dimensions and overall mental toughness on the one hand and cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety on the other. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the aim of predicting the dimensions of anxiety based on mental toughness. Based on the dimensions of mental toughness, 25% of the variability of cognitive anxiety and 22% of somatic anxiety were explained. Self-confidence as a dimension of mental strength is a predictor of all dimensions of the state of anxiety. This study has indicated a great significance of developing athletes’ mental toughness with the goal of reducing anxiety and achieving better performance in competitions.

Mindset Misconception? Comparing Mindsets, Perfectionism, and Attitudes of Achievement in Gifted, Advanced, and Typical Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Mofield ◽  
Megan Parker Peters
Keyword(s):  
Gifted Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Fixed Mindset ◽  
Evaluative Concerns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Achievement Attitudes ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes

The study compared mindset beliefs, perfectionism, and achievement attitudes among gifted, advanced, and typical students in Grades 6 to 8 ( N = 416) and explored the relationship between these variables. Welch’s F tests revealed no statistically significant difference in growth or fixed mindset beliefs about intelligence among groups. Gifted and advanced students scored higher on Personal Standards (gifted, d = 0.68; advanced, d = 0.62) and Academic Self-Perception (gifted, d = 0.72; advanced, d = 0.58) compared with typical students. In hierarchical regression models, giftedness was a statistically significant predictor for Concern over Mistakes (β = 0.20) and Personal Standards (β = 0.27); both gifted (β = 0.31) and advanced (β = 0.17) status were statistically significant predictors for Academic Self-Perception. Various models showed a positive association between growth mindset and Positive Strivings Perfectionism and achievement attitudes and a positive association between fixed mindset and Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism. Findings suggest that gifted students are not more vulnerable to develop fixed mindsets.

scholarly journals Explanation of students' academic procrastination behaviors with, anxiety, fear of failure, self-esteem and achievement goals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kandemir
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Gathering Data

The goal of this study is to explain academic procrastination behaviors of students about their academic responsibilities with the anxiety, fear of failure, self esteem and achievement goals. Study group of this research, in which descriptive survey model was used, consist of students preparing for university exam in different training centers in Ankara. Totally 376 students were questioned in scope of this research; 176 of them were male while 200 of them were female. Academic Procrastination Scale, Spielberg State Anxiety Inventory, Fear of Failure Scale, Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory and Achievement Goals Scale were used for gathering data in the research. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis of data. At the end of the research, it was found that, in the study, in which self esteem, anxiety, fear of failure and achievement goals variables were used in order to explain postponement behaviors, explain academic procrastination behaviors in a model.

Power, Conflict, and Effectiveness

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afzalur Rahim ◽  
David Antonioni ◽  
Krum Krumov ◽  
Snejana Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Analysis ◽  
Referent Power ◽  
Legitimate Power ◽  
Power Base ◽  
Effectiveness Data

This study investigated the relationships of bases of leader power (coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent) and styles of handling interpersonal conflict (integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising) to subordinates' effectiveness. Data for this study were collected with questionnaires from the United States and Bulgaria and analyzed with hierarchical regression analysis for each country. Results indicated that in the United States referent power base of supervisors and integrating style of handling conflict of subordinates were positively associated with effectiveness. In Bulgaria, legitimate power base of supervisors was positively associated with effectiveness, but the subordinates' conflict styles were not associated with effectiveness.

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