Conformationally supple glucose monomers enable synthesis of the smallest cyclodextrins

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6441) ◽  
pp. 674-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Ikuta ◽  
Yasuaki Hirata ◽  
Shinnosuke Wakamori ◽  
Hiroaki Shimada ◽  
Yusuke Tomabechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cyclic Trimer ◽  
Cyclic Oligomers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Factor

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers of α-1,4-d-glucopyranoside and are known mainly as hexamers to octamers. The central cavities of CDs can retain small molecules, enabling diverse applications. The smallest members, CD3 and CD4, have ring sizes too small to permit the most stable conformations of glucopyranose and have not been accessible synthetically. In this study, we present methods to chemically synthesize both CD3 and CD4. The main factor in the successful synthesis is the creation of a glucopyranose ring conformationally counterbalanced between equatorial- and axial-rich forms. This suppleness is imparted by a bridge between O-3 and O-6 of glucose, which enables the generation of desirable, albeit deformed, conformers when synthesizing the cyclic trimer and tetramer.

Design Issues Related to the Creation and Delivery of Asynchronous Multimedia Presentations

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-356
Author(s):  
Jay M. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Multimedia Presentations ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Digital Multimedia ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Physical Layout ◽  
Main Factor

Technology has advanced to the point where it is now possible to create and distribute digital multimedia recordings of class lecture over the Internet to remote learners. More importantly, the price of this technology has decreased to the point where it is also affordable to most instructional institutions. The main factor limiting its widespread use is the knowledge required to setup and apply the technology. This article attempts to alleviate this situation by providing a detailed design for a multimedia-enabled classroom. The design includes components, physical layout, and pricing considerations. It concludes by profiling an actual implementation of the design and discussing future research plans that take advantage of the unique capabilities provided by the room.

scholarly journals WANITA CANTIK DAN KEJATUHAN PEMERINTAHAN HEBAT DALAM FILEM “TUN FATIMAH” (1962)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Ayu Haswida Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Factor

Beautiful women have often been associated with great men of authority and governance in various kingdoms. However, according to scholars, the beautiful female subject also serves as a domineering figure that monopolises the man himself. She can also be a contributing factor towards the downfall of an empire and the world of the man she exists in. For instance, this phenomenon occurred during certain Chinese dynasties. Hence, this research, using the film titled “Tun Fatimah” (1962), focuses on studying and analysing the relationship between the beauty of Tun Fatimah – the daughter of the “Dato‟ Bendahara” of Malacca and the wife of Tun Ali – and the creation of a “sultan” (king), who was still a bachelor and governed tyrannically. Subsequently, history witnessed the king‟s downfall as a ruler in the larger context of the Malay World. It also led to fissures within the great Malaccan sultanate. This research utilises a qualitative approach, focusing on the detailed textual-narrative analysis of the film, supported by the epistemology of desire. Findings show that Tun Fatimah‟s beauty, which was befitting as queen for the Malaccan sultanate, is the main factor in contributing to the libido imbalance of the king and the weakness of hegemonic masculinity in the empire. The imbalance triggered the king‟s irrationality as shown through his emotions such as the thirst for vengeance, anger, jealousy, guilt and regret. In conclusion, the factors proved they did contribute fully to creating a tyrannical Malaccan king.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A PETROCHEMICAL CLUSTER AND THE CREATION OF AN INTEGRATED PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX IN KAZAKHSTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Assel Kadyrbergenova ◽  
Saule Yegemberdiyeva ◽  
Kulman Orazbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Factor

The problems associated with the development of the petrochemical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan are investigated by creating a petrochemical cluster in the western oil and gas region of the country. The issues of a forming petrochemical cluster in Kazakhstan and creating an integrated petrochemical complex in Atyrau region are considered. The essence of the cluster approach as the main factor for increasing the regional competitiveness of the Atyrau region is opened, the expediency and efficiency of the creation of the petrochemical cluster and an integrated petrochemical complex is substantiated. The stages of construction of an integrated petrochemical complex are described, depending on the sources of supply of the used raw materials. An integrated scheme of the petrochemical complex was created and investment petrochemical projects in the Atyrau region were considered. The main groups of factors substantiating the opportunities for the formation of a petrochemical cluster and the achievement of an economic effect in western Kazakhstan are defined.

scholarly journals The Chip and The Pale Truth by V. Zazubrin and Chocolate by A. Tarasov-Rodionov as “irrelevant” works: to the problem of “Red Terror” in the literature 1920s

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Elena Proskurina
Keyword(s):  
Hard Work ◽  
Main Character ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
The Revolution

In the article, the problem of «red terror» is revealed in a little-known material. The story of the Siberian writer V. Zazubrin (1895–1937) The Pale Truth (1923) was published only once in Soviet times – in 1923 in the journal “Siberian Lights”; the novella “Sliver” (1923) was not published during the life of the author and was first published only in 1989. The story of A. Tarasov-Rodionov (1885–1938) Chocolate (1922) was reprinted several times in the 1920s, after which it was forgotten for decades. The work traces the history of the creation of the Chip, which until now contains many “white spots”. The originality of the plot is revealed, in which the image of the main character contradicts the canon of the “iron knight of the revolution”: tired of his firing “hard work”, he is going crazy. The typological similarity of the Chip with the story Chocolate is shown, the plot of which is also based on the dramatic story of the hero. Particular attention is paid to the receptive dialogue of the story The Pale Truth notch with Chocolate: in both works, heroes devoted to the cause of the revolution become its innocent victims.Both works echo and, in their pathos of justifying the “Red Terror”, the idea of “the future of beautiful humanity”. In terms of creative reception, the plot rolls of The Pale Truth with Chocolate, similarities in the images of the main characters and individual elements of poetics are shown. The “irrelevance” of Zazubrin and Tarasov-Rodionov’s works for Soviet literature is substantiated. The main factor is the discrepancy between their plots and the leading ideological maxims of the era.

scholarly journals The identity of architectural and lighting solutions of stone mosques of the late XVIII – early XX centuries in Kazan

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Olga Rachkova ◽  
Albina Khabibulina
Keyword(s):  
Light Environment ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Factor

The work aims to analyze the influence of translucent fences on the light environment in the prayer hall and internal premises with the traditional volumetric-spatial solution of stone mosques of the late XVIII - early ХХ centuries in Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). Based on the study of stone mosques in Kazan it was revealed that the main factor was the creation of a complete architectural image of the mosque following the temporary style and solution of the internal light environment through windows and stained-glass windows. Windows and stained-glass windows were scaled using architectural elements and decor for the holistic perception of the object. The significance of the obtained results for architecture is to present recommendations for the organic use of the studied techniques and methods of work on the objects of the architectural heritage in the restoration and design of modern mosques.

scholarly journals Issues of organizing and carrying out educational work with convicts registered with the penal inspectorates

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
SVETLANA I. BYAKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Main Factor

The article analyzes the problems of organizing and conducting educational work with convicts who are registered with the penal inspectorates of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, reveals the importance of its proper legal regulation and implementation of an individual approach to offenders in the context of the humanization of penal policy. The article considers the official statistics, domestic legislation and scientific literature and the results of the author’s study on the topic of the work. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve the legal regulation of the considered activity area of penal inspectorates, namely, the creation of a normative legal act that discloses the procedure for conducting edu- cational work with convicts registered with penal inspectorates that is taking into account the peculiarities of such work. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the statistical method, analysis, synthesis, induction, system-structural and formal-logical methods. As a result of the work carried out, the main factor influencing the state of educational work with those sentenced to punishments without isolation from society, i.e. the legal support, has been analyzed. It is noted that the legal support is the determining factor for improving the analyzed vector of activity. The necessity of an individual approach to the educational influence on convicts has been substantiated. It has been established that the creation of a normative act on the organization and conducting educational work with convicts will contribute to the coordination of the efforts of interested subjects, as well as to overcoming the negative attitudes of the convicts, will contribute to their desire for correction. These decisions will have a positive effect on the improvement of the current penal legislation.

Repair-and-renewal operations of pipelines from the data on their maintenance

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
E. S. Toropov ◽  
S. M. Dorofeev ◽  
T. G. Ponomareva ◽  
S. Yu. Toropov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Factor

Maintaining of the pipeline system in an operational condition can't be achieved without solving the problem of their protection from internal corrosion as the main factor that leads to numerous accidents. In conditions of limited funding, the creation of scientifically based methods that regulate repair work on difficult areas [1] or those that are not repairable using "classical" methods is a very urgent task. In this way, the use of repair methods without stopping product pumping, in terms of justifying the placement of technological equipment, even more increase the importance of the problem being solved. Research methods are experimental and theoretical character and based on the analysis and processing of statistical data received during the experimental studies of field objects. The result of this work was the creation of a methodology that allows determining the order of repair work on pipelines with different degrees of corrosion damage and its speed on different sections of the route [2]. And as a result, reasonable placement of technological equipment along the pipeline route for in-line pipeline repair, without stopping the pumping of the transported product.

The influence of roman law on the formation and development of the romano-germanic legal family

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
Yuri Nikolaevich Potokin
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Dialectical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Factor Of Influence ◽  
Main Factor

The purpose of the present work is to analyze the little-studied aspects of the influence of Roman law on the formation and establishment of modern legal systems related to the Romano-Germanic legal family. The author conducts a historical and dialectical analysis of the formation of the sources of Roman law, makes assumptions about their origin, and highlights the specifics of some of them. Legal reception has been considered separately as the main factor of influence of Roman law on the creation and formation of the law of the states of the Romano-Germanic legal family. It has been concluded that it is necessary to harmonize the sources of national law with the requirements of Roman law, the hypothesis has been proved that it was the qualitative characteristics of Roman law that served as the main reason for its reception by the states of the Romano-Germanic legal family.

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