Repair-and-renewal operations of pipelines from the data on their maintenance

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
E. S. Toropov ◽  
S. M. Dorofeev ◽  
T. G. Ponomareva ◽  
S. Yu. Toropov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Factor

Maintaining of the pipeline system in an operational condition can't be achieved without solving the problem of their protection from internal corrosion as the main factor that leads to numerous accidents. In conditions of limited funding, the creation of scientifically based methods that regulate repair work on difficult areas [1] or those that are not repairable using "classical" methods is a very urgent task. In this way, the use of repair methods without stopping product pumping, in terms of justifying the placement of technological equipment, even more increase the importance of the problem being solved. Research methods are experimental and theoretical character and based on the analysis and processing of statistical data received during the experimental studies of field objects. The result of this work was the creation of a methodology that allows determining the order of repair work on pipelines with different degrees of corrosion damage and its speed on different sections of the route [2]. And as a result, reasonable placement of technological equipment along the pipeline route for in-line pipeline repair, without stopping the pumping of the transported product.

Microbiological substantiation of application of phytopreparations in treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Abdurakhmanova ◽  
G. S. Runova ◽  
M. S. Podporin ◽  
E. V. Tsareva ◽  
E. V. Ippolitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Streptococcus Constellatus ◽  
Urgent Task

Relevance: Inflammatory-destructive periodontal diseases are the most complicated and became the main cause of tooth loss in adult population. Herbal medicines have a variety of pharmacological properties, so the development and introduction of new forms for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is an urgent task today.Purpose – experimental evaluation of effectiveness of the use of herbal medicines “Tonzinal” and “CM-1” in relation to the priority periodontal pathogenes.Materials and methods: in experimental studies, the basis for the experiment was the system for the cultivation of microorganisms in real time – the Revers-Spinner RTS-1 bioreactor. With the priority strains of periodontitis pathogens, the study of the growth dynamics of the culture was carried out in several parallels.Results: herbal medicines “CM-1” and “Tonsinal” has a multilateral therapeutic effect, exerting a diverse influence on the key stages of development of such bacterial populations as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus constellatus, Candida albicans.Conclusion: tan integrated approach in the treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases is promising and will contribute to a more prolonged remission and increase the effectiveness of treatment. 

scholarly journals Hydraulic Transients in Viscoelastic Pipeline System with Sudden Cross-Section Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Michał Kubrak ◽  
Agnieszka Malesińska ◽  
Apoloniusz Kodura ◽  
Kamil Urbanowicz ◽  
Michał Stosiak
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Hydraulic Transients ◽  
Single Pipe

It is well known that the water hammer phenomenon can lead to pipeline system failures. For this reason, there is an increased need for simulation of hydraulic transients. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are commonly used in various pressurised pipeline systems. Most studies have only focused on water hammer events in a single pipe. However, typical fluid distribution networks are composed of serially connected pipes with various inner diameters. The present paper aims to investigate the influence of sudden cross-section changes in an HDPE pipeline system on pressure oscillations during the water hammer phenomenon. Numerical and experimental studies have been conducted. In order to include the viscoelastic behaviour of the HDPE pipe wall, the generalised Kelvin–Voigt model was introduced into the continuity equation. Transient equations were numerically solved using the explicit MacCormack method. A numerical model that involves assigning two values of flow velocity to the connection node was used. The aim of the conducted experiments was to record pressure changes downstream of the pipeline system during valve-induced water hammer. In order to validate the numerical model, the simulation results were compared with experimental data. A satisfactory compliance between the results of the numerical calculations and laboratory data was obtained.

Integrity Assessment of Non-Piggable Pipeline Through Direct Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Prakash Sah ◽  
Mohammad Tanweer Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
External Corrosion

Managing the integrity of pipeline system is the primary goal of every pipeline operator. To ensure the integrity of pipeline system, its health assessment is very important and critical for ensuring safety of environment, human resources and its assets. In long term, managing pipeline integrity is an investment to asset protection which ultimately results in cost saving. Typically, the health assessment to managing the integrity of pipeline system is a function of operational experience and corporate philosophy. There is no single approach that can provide the best solution for all pipeline system. Only a comprehensive, systematic and integrated integrity management program provides the means to improve the safety of pipeline systems. Such programme provides the information for an operator to effectively allocate resources for appropriate prevention, detection and mitigation activities that will result in improved safety and a reduction in the number of incidents. Presently GAIL (INDIA) LTD. is operating & maintaining approximately 10,000Kms of natural gas/RLNG/LPG pipeline and HVJ Pipeline is the largest pipeline network of India which transports more than 50% of total gas being consumed in this country. HVJ pipeline system consists of more than 4500 Kms of pipeline having diameter range from 04” to 48”, which consist of piggable as well as non-piggable pipeline. Though, lengthwise non-piggable pipeline is very less but their importance cannot be ignored in to the totality because of their critical nature. Typically, pipeline with small length & connected to dispatch terminal are non-piggable and these pipelines are used to feed the gas to the consumer. Today pipeline industries are having three different types of inspection techniques available for inspection of the pipeline. 1. Inline inspection 2. Hydrostatic pressure testing 3. Direct assessment (DA) Inline inspection is possible only for piggable pipeline i.e. pipeline with facilities of pig launching & receiving and hydrostatic pressure testing is not possible for the pipeline under continuous operation. Thus we are left with direct assessment method to assess health of the non-piggable pipelines. Basically, direct assessment is a structured multi-step evaluation method to examine and identify the potential problem areas relating to internal corrosion, external corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking using ICDA (Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment), ECDA (External Corrosion Direct Assessment) and SCCDA (Stress Corrosion Direct Assessment). All the above DA is four steps iterative method & consist of following steps; a. Pre assessment b. Indirect assessment c. Direct assessment d. Post assessment Considering the importance of non-piggable pipeline, integrity assessment of following non piggable pipeline has done through direct assessment method. 1. 30 inch dia pipeline of length 0.6 km and handling 18.4 MMSCMD of natural gas 2. 18 inch dia pipeline of length 3.65 km and handling 4.0 MMSCMD of natural gas 3. 12 inch dia pipeline of length 2.08 km and handling 3.4 MMSCMD of natural gas In addition to ICDA, ECDA & SCCDA, Long Range Ultrasonic Thickness (LRUT-a guided wave technology) has also been carried out to detect the metal loss at excavated locations observed by ICDA & ECDA. Direct assessment survey for above pipelines has been conducted and based on the survey; high consequence areas have been identified. All the high consequence area has been excavated and inspected. No appreciable corrosion and thickness loss have observed at any area. However, pipeline segments have been identified which are most vulnerable and may have corrosion in future.

Design Issues Related to the Creation and Delivery of Asynchronous Multimedia Presentations

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-356
Author(s):  
Jay M. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Multimedia Presentations ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Digital Multimedia ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Physical Layout ◽  
Main Factor

Technology has advanced to the point where it is now possible to create and distribute digital multimedia recordings of class lecture over the Internet to remote learners. More importantly, the price of this technology has decreased to the point where it is also affordable to most instructional institutions. The main factor limiting its widespread use is the knowledge required to setup and apply the technology. This article attempts to alleviate this situation by providing a detailed design for a multimedia-enabled classroom. The design includes components, physical layout, and pricing considerations. It concludes by profiling an actual implementation of the design and discussing future research plans that take advantage of the unique capabilities provided by the room.

How to create a human communication system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey J. Lister ◽  
Nicolas Fay
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Interactive Feedback ◽  
Single Modality

Following a synthesis of naturalistic and experimental studies of language creation, we propose a theoretical model that describes the process through which human communication systems might arise and evolve. Three key processes are proposed that give rise to effective, efficient and shared human communication systems: (1) motivated signs that directly resemble their meaning facilitate cognitive alignment, improving communication success; (2) behavioral alignment onto an inventory of shared sign-to-meaning mappings bolsters cognitive alignment between interacting partners; (3) sign refinement, through interactive feedback, enhances the efficiency of the evolving communication system. By integrating the findings across a range of diverse studies, we propose a theoretical model of the process through which the earliest human communication systems might have arisen and evolved. Importantly, because our model is not bound to a single modality it can describe the creation of shared sign systems across a range of contexts, informing theories of language creation and evolution.

Automation of the technology of connecting parts in the manufacture of aerospace products

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
S. I. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diffusion Welding ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
State University ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Aided Design

The paper describes the improvement of the technology of manufacturing parts and components of aerospace production using computer-aided design and technological process control. The theoretical foundations and algorithms for constructing the technological process of manufacturing parts and components of the aerospace industry using various methods of joining heat-resistant materials, for example, by diffusion welding, are designed on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies proposed by the author of the patented connection method «Method for joining a heat-resistant cobalt-based alloy with silicon nitride-based ceramics» and technological equipment «Installation for obtaining metal-ceramic products», as well as «Attribute database for creating technological processes for obtaining parts of aerospace production by diffusion welding» and «Attribute database of technological equipment, tools and devices for mechanical processing of aerospace production parts», registered in the register of databases of the Russian Federation. The research is conducted at the Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics of the Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after academician M.F. Reshetnev.

A procedure to estimate the lateral force in clay-pipe interaction after breakout

2021 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Pablo Cesar Trejo ◽  
Jose Renato M.S. Oliveira ◽  
Márcio S.S. Almeida ◽  
Maria C.F. Almeida ◽  
Mario A. Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Centrifuge Tests ◽  
Clay Pipe

The development of new offshore oil and gas fields is continuously expanding to ultra-deep waters. This tendency and the necessity of reducing project costs have been stimulating the development of new technologies as well as the enhancement of floating production systems. In this regard, pipelines and flexible riser systems have been getting more attention due to its low cost of installation and operation. In order to project a pipeline system, it is important to understand the pipe-soil interaction mechanisms and quantify the influence of soil behaviour on pipe response caused by lateral movement such as thermal buckling. The loads that a pipeline is subjected have been a topic of many experimental studies that aim to reproduce those loads in a realistic manner. This present study concerns the analysis of lateral clay-pipe interaction associated with large deformations and berm formation process at the leading edge of the pipe during movement at given burial depths. A series of centrifuge tests was conducted to assess the relationship between horizontal force and lateral pipe displacement. The breakout force experimental results were compared with different literature proposals, showing a good agreement. A procedure was also proposed to evaluate the normalized lateral force through the combination of two different approaches. The results showed a good comparison with the centrifuge experimental data.

Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Light For Mitigating Risk of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Steel Pipeline

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. F. M. Ali ◽  
N. Md. Noor ◽  
N. Yahaya ◽  
A. A. Bakar ◽  
M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Steel Pipeline

Pipelines play an extremely important role in the transportation of gases and liquids over long distance throughout the world. Internal corrosion due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the major integrity problems in oil and gas industry and is responsible for most of the internal corrosion in transportation pipelines. The presence of microorganisms such as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in pipeline system has raised deep concern within the oil and gas industry. Biocide treatment and cathodic protection are commonly used to control MIC. However, the solution is too expensive and may create environmental problems by being too corrosive. Recently, Ultraviolet (UV) as one of the benign techniques to enhance mitigation of MIC risk in pipeline system has gained interest among researchers. An amount of 100 ml of modified Baar’s medium and 5 ml of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain 7577) seeds was grown in 125 ml anaerobic vials with carbon steel grade API 5L-X70 coupons at the optimum temperature of 37°C and pH 9.5 for fifteen days. This was then followed by exposing the medium to UV for one hour. Results from present study showed that UV radiation has the ability to disinfect bacteria, hence minimizing the risk of metal loss due to corrosion in steel pipeline. 

Evaluation of Methods for Detecting and Monitoring of Corrosion Damage in Risers

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Lozev ◽  
R. W. Smith ◽  
B. B. Grimmett
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Splash Zone ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Torsional Waves ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
External Corrosion

Offshore pipeline failure statistics have been collected for more than 30 years now and illustrate that the riser predominantly fails as a result of corrosion. The consistent wetting and drying in the splash zone combined with defects in the coatings are the usual contributors to the problem. Risers are inspected at some determined frequency and can be done by internal and external methods. Inspecting by either means brings into account caveats and limitations from the technology used as well as human factors. For example, external inspections can be inefficient and inaccurate with some tools missing defects in areas of coating disbondment. In addition, internal inspections sometimes create false positives and can miss defects. These inaccuracies in the technologies or the techniques used may miss defects that eventually lead to failure. On the other hand, using corrosion mapping and fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment from the data collected, along with the inherent conservatism of this data from limited measurement accuracy, may result in the premature replacement of risers. A literature search is being conducted to review existing riser inspection methods and identify candidate nondestructive methods for riser inspection. These methods should be capable of detecting and monitoring general corrosion, localized corrosion pitting, and stress-corrosion cracking (sulfide or hydrogen induced) as external or internal corrosion damage. Thus far, this search has found that assessing the remaining service life of aging risers is largely dependent on the accuracy of analyzing corrosion damage to the riser surface in the atmospheric, splash (tidal), submerged, and buried environmental zones. The accuracy of each technology was analyzed. The capabilities and limitations of each method/technique used for riser inspection are summarized. The investigation is focused on long- and short-range ultrasonic techniques used for initial screening and corrosion mapping. These techniques can be deployed to detect a significant reduction in wall thickness using guided and torsional waves or to map accurately a corrosion damage using single/multiple transducers and phased-array probes in manual or automated mode. A pulsed eddy-current technique that uses a stepped or pulsed input signal for the detection of corrosion areas under insulation (CUI) is also being evaluated. This allows the detection of wall-thinning areas in the riser without removing the outside coatings. In addition, it is found that filmless, real-time, and digital radiography can be used to find internal and external corrosion defects in an insulated splash zone while the riser remains in service. A survey of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) manufacturing companies, NDE inspection companies, and operating companies was completed to collect information about current instrumentation and inspection/operators’ experience for riser inspection. Examples of advanced riser inspection instrumentation and field results are included. The ability of the candidate technologies to be adapted to riser variations, the stage of standardization, and costs are also discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of hole drilling operations in stress-strain workpiecematerial

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kuts ◽  
Mikhail S. Razumov ◽  
Aleksandr S. Byshkin
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
South West ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Proportionality Limit

Drilling holes is one of the most common operations in the part production. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of this process is an urgent task. To improve the efficiency of the drilling process, the South- West University developed a method of drilling for pre-stressed and prestrained workpiece material, which requires a sample to be subjected to elastic strain under load not exceeding the proportionality limit of the workpiece material. That is, when the load is removed, the dimensions of the workpiece remain unchanged. The paper presents the experimental device designed to determine the axial force and torque when drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiece material. Multi-factor experiments were carried out to obtain empirical dependences of the axial force and torque arising in drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiecematerial on the process parameters.

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