scholarly journals Sequence Analyses of Just Four Genes To Detect Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Undergoing Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 3353-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Feuerriegel ◽  
Helen S. Cox ◽  
Nana Zarkua ◽  
Hamraev A. Karimovich ◽  
Kai Braker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to second-line drugs is crucial for the institution of appropriate treatment regimens as early as possible. Although molecular methods have successfully been used for the rapid detection of resistance to first-line drugs, there are limited data on mutations that confer resistance to second-line drugs. To address this question, we analyzed Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to ofloxacin (n = 26) and to capreomycin and/or amikacin (n = 48) from Uzbekistan for variations in target genes (gyrA, gyrB, rrs, and tlyA). Strains susceptible to ofloxacin (n = 49) and capreomycin and/or amikacin (n = 39) were included as controls. Mutations in gyrA or gyrB were found in 96% (25/26 strains) of the ofloxacin-resistant strains, while none of the susceptible strains displayed mutations in those two genes. The most common mutation occurred in gyrA at codon 94 (17/26 strains [65.4%]), followed by mutations at codons 90 and 91. Two strains showed a mutation in gyrB, at codons 485 and 543, respectively; both mutations have not been reported previously. The most frequent mutation in strains resistant to both amikacin and capreomycin was A1401G in rrs (34/40 strains [85.0%]). Three strains had mutations in tlyA, of which two (at codons 18 and 118) were associated with resistance to capreomycin alone. Overall, none of the 10 resistant strains (5 amikacin-resistant and capreomycin-susceptible strains) and none of the 39 susceptible control strains had mutations in the genes investigated. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of sequence analyses of short regions of relatively few target genes for the rapid detection of resistance to second-line drugs among strains isolated from patients undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The mechanisms that confer amikacin resistance in this setting remain unclear.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutations Associated with Reduced Susceptibility to Linezolid

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2542-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Jiazhen Chen ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Xiaohong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACTLinezolid (LZD) has become increasingly important for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), but its mechanisms of resistance are not well characterized. We isolated 32 mutants ofMycobacterium tuberculosiswith reduced susceptibility to LZD, which was accounted for byrrlandrplCmutations in almost equal proportions, causing lower and higher MICs, respectively. Our findings provide useful information for the rapid detection of LZD resistance for improved treatment of MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Profil De Résistance Des Mycobabcterium Tuberculosis Des Malades En Retraitement Dans La Région De Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Ravahatra Kiady ◽  
Rakotondrabe Iantsotiana Davidson ◽  
Rasoafaranirina Marie Odette ◽  
Tiaray Harison Michel ◽  
Nandimbiniaina Anjara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The University

Introduction: Relapse, failure and defaulted treatment are a risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to anti-tuberculosis. The objective of our study is to determine the resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of patients in retreatment at the Haute Matriatra area. Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study carried out on the basis of the data contained in the register of the Haute Matsiatra Regional Tuberculosis Laboratory of the University Hospital of Fianarantsoa, from May 2014 to December 2016 (31 months). We included patients with retreatment in the study. Results: We found 138 patients in retreatment. The average age was 39.32 years with a sex ratio of 2.11. Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid was respectively 2.17% and 2.82%, The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 0.72%. Conclusion: Tuberculosi resistance, monoresistance or multidrug resistance is a reality in the region of Haute Matsiatra with a prevalence that is still low, reflecting the effectiveness of the tuberculosis control program. However, monoresistances require special attention and monitoring to avoid the emergence of multidrug resistant strains.

scholarly journals High Level of Cross-Resistance between Kanamycin, Amikacin, and Capreomycin among Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Georgia and a Close Relation with Mutations in the rrs Gene

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 5064-5068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Jugheli ◽  
Nino Bzekalava ◽  
Pim de Rijk ◽  
Krista Fissette ◽  
Françoise Portaels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin and the macrocyclic peptide capreomycin are key drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The increasing rates of resistance to these drugs and the possible cross-resistance between them are concerns for MDR-TB therapy. Mutations in the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) have been associated with resistance to each of the drugs, and mutations of the tlyA gene, which encodes a putative rRNA methyltransferase, are thought to confer capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Studies of possible cross-resistance have shown variable results. In this study, the MICs of these drugs for 145 clinical isolates from Georgia and the sequences of the rrs and tlyA genes of the isolates were determined. Of 78 kanamycin-resistant strains, 9 (11.5%) were susceptible to amikacin and 16 (20.5%) were susceptible to capreomycin. Four strains were resistant to capreomycin but were susceptible to the other drugs, whereas all amikacin-resistant isolates were resistant to kanamycin. Sequencing revealed six types of mutations in the rrs gene (A514C, C517T, A1401G, C1402T, C1443G, T1521C) but no mutations in the tlyA gene. The A514C, C517T, C1443G, and T1521C mutations showed no association with resistance to any of the drugs. The A1401G and C1402T mutations were observed in 65 kanamycin-resistant isolates and the 4 capreomycin-resistant isolates, respectively, whereas none of the susceptible isolates showed either of those mutations. The four mutants with the C1402T mutations showed high levels of resistance to capreomycin but no resistance to kanamycin and amikacin. Detection of the A1401G mutation appeared to be 100% specific for the detection of resistance to kanamycin and amikacin, while the sensitivities reached 85.9% and 94.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in India and China

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathika K Weerasuriya ◽  
Rebecca C Harris ◽  
C Finn McQuaid ◽  
Fiammetta Bozzani ◽  
Yunzhou Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
China And India ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background Despite recent advances through the development pipeline, how novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines might affect rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is unknown. We investigated the epidemiologic impact, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of hypothetical novel prophylactic prevention of disease TB vaccines on RR/MDR-TB in China and India. Methods We constructed a deterministic, compartmental, age-, drug-resistance- and treatment history-stratified dynamic transmission model of tuberculosis. We introduced novel vaccines from 2027, with post- (PSI) or both pre- and post-infection (P&PI) efficacy, conferring 10 years of protection, with 50% efficacy. We measured vaccine cost-effectiveness over 2027–2050 as USD/DALY averted-against 1-times GDP/capita, and two healthcare opportunity cost-based (HCOC), thresholds. We carried out scenario analyses. Results By 2050, the P&PI vaccine reduced RR/MDR-TB incidence rate by 71% (UI: 69–72) and 72% (UI: 70–74), and the PSI vaccine by 31% (UI: 30–32) and 44% (UI: 42–47) in China and India, respectively. In India, we found both USD 10 P&PI and PSI vaccines cost-effective at the 1-times GDP and upper HCOC thresholds and P&PI vaccines cost-effective at the lower HCOC threshold. In China, both vaccines were cost-effective at the 1-times GDP threshold. P&PI vaccine remained cost-effective at the lower HCOC threshold with 49% probability and PSI vaccines at the upper HCOC threshold with 21% probability. The P&PI vaccine was predicted to avert 0.9 million (UI: 0.8–1.1) and 1.1 million (UI: 0.9–1.4) second-line therapy regimens in China and India between 2027 and 2050, respectively. Conclusions Novel TB vaccination is likely to substantially reduce the future burden of RR/MDR-TB, while averting the need for second-line therapy. Vaccination may be cost-effective depending on vaccine characteristics and setting.

Biobank for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis research: Importance of sequential samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoohyun Hwang ◽  
Jiyeon Kim ◽  
Seungkyu Park ◽  
Sungweon Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Sequential Samples ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Since 2013, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital has collected standardized specimens from its tuberculosis patients, which include a large number of multidrug-resistant strains. The repository collects matched participants and their bacilli samples, compiling sequential samples from the beginning of treatment. The repository aims to provide resources for in-depth international research.

scholarly journals Use of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Islam ◽  
Farjana Rahman ◽  
Saurab Kisore Munshi ◽  
Jewel Ahmed ◽  
S M Mostafa Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Auramine O

Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in developing countries including Bangladesh. Present study focused on the rapid identification of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis among treatment failure cases.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 100 category-I and category-II treatment failure cases, assumed as multidrug resistant tuberculosis, were studied through fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining under light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscope. Considering culture method as gold standard, we also compared the results of FDA staining with that of auramine O staining.Results: A total of 85% acid-fast bacilli were detected by FDA staining, 82% by auramine O staining and a total of 85% isolates were detected in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture. The sensitivity of FDA staining (96.47%) was estimated to be slightly higher than that of auramine O staining (91.76%). Moreover,76.47% cases were detected as multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Conclusion: Taken together, FDA staining method has been proposed to be appropriate for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12605 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

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