scholarly journals Dissemination and Persistence of blaCTX-M-9 Are Linked to Class 1 Integrons Containing CR1 Associated with Defective Transposon Derivatives from Tn402 Located in Early Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids of IncHI2, IncP1-α, and IncFI Groups

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2741-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Novais ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
Aránzazu Valverde ◽  
Elisabete Machado ◽  
Juan-Carlos Galán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the diversity of In60, a class 1 integron bearing CR1 and containing bla CTX-M-9, and its association with Tn402, Tn21, and classical conjugative plasmids among 45 CTX-M-9-producing clinical strains (41 Escherichia coli strains, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 1 Salmonella enterica strain, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae strain). Forty-five patients in a Spanish tertiary care hospital were studied (1996 to 2003). The diversity of In60 and association of In60 with Tn402 or mercury resistance transposons were investigated by overlapping PCR assays and/or hybridization. Plasmid characterization included comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and determination of incompatibility group by PCR-based replicon typing, sequencing, and hybridization. CTX-M-9 plasmids belonged to IncHI2 (n = 26), IncP-1α (n = 10), IncFI (n = 4), and IncI (n = 1) groups. Genetic platforms containing bla CTX-M-9 were classified in six types in relation to the In60 backbone and in eight subtypes in relation to Tn402 derivatives. They were associated with Tn21 sequences when located in IncP-1α or IncHI2 plasmids. Our study identified bla CTX-M-9 in a high diversity of CR1-bearing class 1 integrons linked to different Tn402 derivatives, often to Tn21, highlighting the role of recombination events in the evolution of antibiotic resistance plasmids. The presence of bla CTX-M-9 on broad-host-range IncP-1α plasmids might contribute to its dissemination to hosts that were not members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of Biofilm-Producing Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-587
Author(s):  
Balaram Khamari ◽  
Manmath Lama ◽  
Chanakya Pachi Pulusu ◽  
Amarendra Pratap  Biswal ◽  
Sai Manoz Lingamallu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Class 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the study was to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) genes, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in 14 biofilm-producing clinical isolates of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> PCR amplification was performed to analyse the prevalence of genes associated with antibiotic resistance (extended-spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs] and metallo-β-lactamases [MBLs]), virulence factors, MGEs (class 1 integron, Tn<i>1213</i>, and <i>A. baumannii</i> antibiotic resistance [AbaR]), and <i>comM</i> among the study isolates. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR was then deployed to understand their phylogenetic relationship. All the isolates were investigated for biofilm production. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two isolates were antibiotic-sensitive (AS), 3 were multi-drug-resistant (MDR), and the remaining 9 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The majority of the isolates were found to be positive for biofilm production and were sensitive against tetracycline and colistin only. Ab14 and Ab11 were found to be resistant to minocycline and colistin, respectively. <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>VIM</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>SIM</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>PER-1</sub>; class 1 integron; composite transposon Tn<i>1213</i>; AbaR island, and virulence factor genes were detected among the isolates. These pathogens were found to have originated from multiple clonal lineages. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Biofilm-producing <i>A. baumannii</i> with multiple virulence and AMR genes pose serious clinical challenges. The presence of MGEs further compounds the situation as these isolates serve as potential reservoirs of AMR and virulence genes. Together with their capacity for natural competence, <i>A. baumannii</i>, if left unchecked, will lead to the spread of resistance determinants to previously sensitive bacteria and may aid in the emergence of untreatable pan-drug-resistant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Sarmin Satter ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Esbl Producers

This study was conducted to determine the presence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh, as well as to observe the patterns of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance genes among them. A total of 166 Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from urine, wound swab, pus, sputum and blood samples of patients of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility test wasperformed by disk-diffusion technique. ESBL producers were detected phenotypically by Double-disk synergy (DDS) test. Genotypically ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1) among the ESBL producers with presence of class 1 integron among them were detected by PCR. Eighty seven (52.41%) ESBL producers were detected by DDS test. CTX-M-15 (80.46%) was the dominant genotype in ESBL producing strains detected by PCR. Class 1 integron was found in 58 (66.67%) of the phenotypic positive ESBL producers. The results of this study showed high proportion of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (2): 4-8

Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Class 1 Integrons Among Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Children with Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Hanieh Eshaghi Zadeh ◽  
Hossein Fahimi ◽  
Fatemeh Fardsanei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
C 30

Background: Salmonellosis is a major food-borne disease worldwide. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is concerning. Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify class 1 integron genes and to determine antibiotic resistance patterns among Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea. Methods: A total of 30 Salmonella isolates were recovered from children with diarrhea. The isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened for the presence of class 1 integron genes (i.e. intI1, sulI1, and qacEΔ1). Results: The most prevalent serotype was Enteritidis 36.7%, followed by Paratyphi C (30%), and Typhimurium (16.7%). The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were obtained for nalidixic acid (53.3%), followed by streptomycin (40%), and tetracycline (36.7%). Regarding class 1 integrons, 36.7%, 26.7%, and 33.3% of the isolates carried intI1, SulI, and qacEΔ1, respectively, most of which (81.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of class 1 integron was significantly associated with resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline (p = 0.042). However, there was no association between class 1 integron and other antibiotics used in this study (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The high frequency of integron class 1 gene in MDR Salmonella strains indicates that these mobile genetic elements are versatile among different Salmonella serotypes, and associated with reduced susceptibility to many antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Incidence, Distribution, and Spread of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants and Integron-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes among Motile Aeromonads from a Fish Farming Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5675-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja S. Schmidt ◽  
Morten S. Bruun ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Jens L. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT A collection of 313 motile aeromonads isolated at Danish rainbow trout farms was analyzed to identify some of the genes involved in high levels of antimicrobial resistance found in a previous field trial (A. S. Schmidt, M. S. Bruun, I. Dalsgaard, K. Pedersen, and J. L. Larsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4908–4915, 2000), the predominant resistance phenotype (37%) being a combined oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulphadiazine/trimethoprim resistance. Combined sulphonamide/trimethoprim resistance (135 isolates) appeared closely related to the presence of a class 1 integron (141 strains). Among the isolates containing integrons, four different combinations of integrated resistance gene cassettes occurred, in all cases including a dihydrofolate reductase gene and a downstream aminoglycoside resistance insert (87 isolates) and occasionally an additional chloramphenicol resistance gene cassette (31 isolates). In addition, 23 isolates had “empty” integrons without inserted gene cassettes. As far as OTC resistance was concerned, only 66 (30%) out of 216 resistant aeromonads could be assigned to resistance determinant class A (19 isolates), D (n = 6), or E (n = 39); three isolates contained two tetracycline resistance determinants (AD, AE, and DE). Forty OTC-resistant isolates containing large plasmids were selected as donors in a conjugation assay, 27 of which also contained a class 1 integron. Out of 17 successful R-plasmid transfers to Escherichia coli recipients, the respective integrons were cotransferred along with the tetracycline resistance determinants in 15 matings. Transconjugants were predominantly tetApositive (10 of 17) and contained class 1 integrons with two or more inserted antibiotic resistance genes. While there appeared to be a positive correlation between conjugative R-plasmids andtetA among the OTC-resistant aeromonads, tetEand the unclassified OTC resistance genes as well as class 1 integrons were equally distributed among isolates with and without plasmids. These findings indicate the implication of other mechanisms of gene transfer besides plasmid transfer in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among environmental motile aeromonads.

A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and Correlation with Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Iranian Burn Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Heidarzadeh ◽  
Yasamin Enayati Kaliji ◽  
Reza Pourpaknia ◽  
Alireza Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Mehran Ghazali-Bina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1

Abstract The role of integrons has been highlighted in antibiotic resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Therefore, we here reviewed the prevalence of class 1 integrons and their correlations with antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated from Iranian burn patients. This review was conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Cross-sectional and cohort studies published from January 1, 2000 until December 31, 2018 were enrolled. Meta-analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software using the random effects model, Cochran’s Q, and I2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by Funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test. Nine out of 819 studies met the eligibility criteria. The overall combined prevalence of class 1 integrons in P. aeruginosa isolates was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.5–83%). The highest combined resistance was reported against Cloxacillin (87.7%), followed by Carbenicillin (79.1%) and Ceftriaxone (77.3%). The combined prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates was 79.3% (95% CI: 31.1–97%). Also, a significant correlation was noted between the presence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance in 55.5% of the included studies (P < .05). The results showed high prevalence of class 1 integrons, antibiotic resistance, and MDR strains in P. aeruginosa isolated from Iranian burn patients. Also, most of the included studies showed a significant correlation between the presence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Novel Acquired Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene, blaSIM-1, in a Class 1 Integron from Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates from Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 4485-4491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwon Lee ◽  
Jong Hwa Yum ◽  
Dongeun Yong ◽  
Hyuk Min Lee ◽  
Heung Dong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Carbapenem resistance mediated by acquired carbapenemase genes has been increasingly reported, particularly for clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. Of 1,234 nonduplicate isolates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolated at a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, 211 (17%) were positive for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). Of these, 204 (96%) had either the bla IMP-1 or bla VIM-2 allele. In addition, seven Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were found to have a novel MBL gene, which was designated bla SIM-1. The SIM-1 protein has a pI of 7.2, is a new member of subclass B1, and exhibits 64 to 69% identity with the IMP-type MBLs, which are its closest relatives. All SIM-1-producing isolates exhibited relatively low imipenem and meropenem MICs (8 to 16 μg/ml) and had a multidrug resistance phenotype. Expression of the cloned bla SIM-1 gene in Escherichia coli revealed that the encoded enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing a broad array of β-lactams, including penicillins, narrow- to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and carbapenems. The bla SIM-1 gene was carried on a gene cassette inserted into a class 1 integron, which included three additional cassettes (arr-3, catB3, and aadA1). The strains were isolated from sputum and urine specimens from patients with pneumonia and urinary tract infections, respectively. All patients had various underlying diseases. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SmaI-digested genomic DNAs showed that the strains belonged to two different clonal lineages, indicating that horizontal transfer of this gene had occurred and suggesting the possibility of further spread of resistance in the future.

scholarly journals Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene blaIMP-15 in a Class 1 Integron, In95, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from a Hospital in Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2943-2946 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Garza-Ramos ◽  
R. Morfin-Otero ◽  
H. S. Sader ◽  
R. N. Jones ◽  
E. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT During 2003, 40 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates collected in a Mexican tertiary-care hospital were screened for metallo-β-lactamase production. Thirteen isolates produced IMP-15, and 12 had a single pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. The bla IMP-15 gene cassette was inserted in a plasmid-borne integron with a unique array of gene cassettes and was named In95.

scholarly journals Transposons Tn1696 and Tn21and Their Integrons In4 and In2 Have Independent Origins

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Partridge ◽  
Heidi J. Brown ◽  
H. W. Stokes ◽  
Ruth M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Full Copy

ABSTRACT The first 13.6 kb of the mercury and multidrug resistance transposon Tn1696, which includes the class 1 integron In4, has been sequenced. In4 is 8.33 kb long and contains the 5′-conserved segment (5′-CS) and 2.24 kb of the 3′-conserved segment (3′-CS) flanking four integrated cassettes. The 3′-CS region is followed by one full copy and an adjacent partial copy of the insertion sequence IS6100 flanked, in inverse orientation, by two short segments (123 and 152 bp) from the outer right-hand end of class 1 integrons. This structure is representative of a distinct group of class 1 integrons that differs from In2, found in Tn21, and other related class 1 integrons. In4 does not include transposition genes but is bounded by characteristic 25-bp inverted repeats and flanked by a direct duplication of 5 bp of the target sequence, indicating that it was inserted by a transpositional mechanism. In4 lies between the resII and resIsites of a backbone mercury resistance transposon which is >99.5% identical to Tn5036. Although Tn21 and Tn1696 are both classified as members of the Tn21 subfamily of the Tn3 transposon family, the backbone mercury resistance transposons are only 79 to 96% identical. Tn21 also contains a region of about 0.7 kb not found in Tn1696. The integrons In2 and In4 carrying the antibiotic resistance genes have been inserted at different locations into distinct ancestral mercury resistance transposons. Thus, Tn21 and Tn1696 have independent histories and origins. Other transposons (Tn1403 and Tn1412) that include a class 1 integron also have independent origins. In all except Tn21, the integron is located within theres region of the backbone transposon.

scholarly journals Characterization and Movement of the Class 1 Integron Known as Tn2521 and Tn1405

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Partridge ◽  
Heidi J. Brown ◽  
Ruth M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Backbone Structure

ABSTRACT Two putative transposons, Tn2521 and Tn1405, carrying determinants for the PSE-4 β-lactamase and for resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and sulfonamides were previously isolated from the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dalgleish. Detailed mapping and determination of the complete sequence of Tn2521 revealed that it is a class 1 integron, here renamed In33, with a backbone structure identical to that of In4 from Tn1696. In33 contains two gene cassettes, blaP1 and aadA1, replacing the aacC1-orfE-aadA2-cmlA1 cassette array in In4. Although In33 does not include any transposition genes, movement of In33 (Tn2521) targeted to a single location in the IncP-1 plasmid R18-18 has been reported previously (M. I. Sinclair and B. W. Holloway, J. Bacteriol. 151:569-579, 1982). A 5-bp duplication of the target, which lies within the res site recognized by the ParA resolvase of R18-18, was present, indicating that the mechanism of movement was transposition. Together, these data indicate that class 1 integrons that are defective in self-transposition can move under appropriate circumstances. The Tn1405 isolate studied was found to represent only the cassette array of In33, which had replaced the cassette array in the recipient plasmid R388, probably by homologous recombination.

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