Novel Macrolide Resistance Module Carried by the IncP-1β Resistance Plasmid pRSB111, Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant

ABSTRACT The macrolide resistance plasmid pRSB111 was isolated from bacteria residing in the final effluents of a wastewater treatment plant. The 47-kb plasmid confers resistance to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, and tylosin when it is carried by Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 and is very similar to prototype IncP-1β plasmid pB3, which was previously isolated from an activated-sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant. The two plasmids differ in their accessory regions, located downstream of the conjugative transfer module gene traC. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pRSB111 accessory region revealed that it contains a new macrolide resistance module composed of the genes mphR(E), mph(E), and mrx(E), which putatively encode a transcriptional regulator, a macrolide phosphotransferase, and a transmembrane transport protein, respectively. Analysis of the contributions of the individual genes of the macrolide resistance module revealed that mph(E) and mrx(E) are required for high-level macrolide resistance. The resistance genes are flanked by two insertion sequences, namely, ISPa15 and ISRSB111. Two truncated transposable elements, IS6100 and remnants of a Tn3-like transposon, were identified in the vicinity of ISRSB111. The accessory element of pRSB111 apparently replaced the Tn402-like element present on the sister plasmid, pB3, as suggested by the conservation of Tn402-specific terminal inverted repeats on pRSB111.

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Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant in a Chemical Industry Zone: Source, Distribution, and Removal

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2014/352675 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Min Yao ◽

Zhongjian Li ◽

Xingwang Zhang ◽

Lecheng Lei

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Source Distribution ◽

The Individual ◽

Centralized Wastewater Treatment

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could be dissolved in wastewater or adsorbed on particulate. The fate of PCBs in wastewater is essential to evaluate the feasibility of wastewater treatment processes and the environmental risk. Here dissolved and adsorbed concentrations of twenty concerned PCB congeners and total PCBs have been measured in the centralized wastewater treatment plant of a chemical industry zone in Zhejiang, China. It was found that the dyeing chemical processes were the main source of PCBs, which contributed more than 13.6%. The most abundant PCB was PCB-11 in the liquid and solid phase of each treatment stage, accounting for more than 60% of the total 209 PCBs. Partitioning behavior of PCBs between the dissolved and adsorbed phases suggested that Di-CBs were the dominant isomers (>70%) and more than 89.8% of them was adsorbed on the particles and sludge. The total removal efficiency of∑209 PCBs was only 23.2% throughout the whole treatment process. A weak correlation was obtained between the individual PCB concentration and their log Kowin primary sedimentation, anaerobic hydrolysis, aerobic bioprocess stage, and the whole treatment process.

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Antibiotic multiresistance plasmid pRSB101 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant is related to plasmids residing in phytopathogenic bacteria and carries eight different resistance determinants including a multidrug transport system

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.27317-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 150 (11) ◽

pp. 3613-3630 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Rafael Szczepanowski ◽

Irene Krahn ◽

Burkhard Linke ◽

Alexander Goesmann ◽

Alfred Pühler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Transfer Functions ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Macrolide Resistance ◽

Erythromycin Resistance ◽

Transposase Gene ◽

Resistance Plasmids

Ten different antibiotic resistance plasmids conferring high-level erythromycin resistance were isolated from an activated sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant by applying a transformation-based approach. One of these plasmids, designated pRSB101, mediates resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, roxythromycin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, spectinomycin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and low concentrations of norfloxacin. Plasmid pRSB101 was completely sequenced and annotated. Its size is 47 829 bp. Conserved synteny exists between the pRSB101 replication/partition (rep/par) module and the pXAC33-replicon from the phytopathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. The second pRSB101 backbone module encodes a three-Mob-protein type mobilization (mob) system with homology to that of IncQ-like plasmids. Plasmid pRSB101 is mobilizable with the help of the IncP-1α plasmid RP4 providing transfer functions in trans. A 20 kb resistance region on pRSB101 is located within an integron-containing Tn402-like transposon. The variable region of the class 1 integron carries the genes dhfr1 for a dihydrofolate reductase, aadA2 for a spectinomycin/streptomycin adenylyltransferase and bla TLA-2 for a so far unknown Ambler class A extended spectrum β-lactamase. The integron-specific 3′-segment (qacEΔ1-sul1-orf5Δ) is connected to a macrolide resistance operon consisting of the genes mph(A) (macrolide 2′-phosphotransferase I), mrx (hydrophobic protein of unknown function) and mphR(A) (regulatory protein). Finally, a putative mobile element with the tetracycline resistance genes tetA (tetracycline efflux pump) and tetR was identified upstream of the Tn402-specific transposase gene tniA. The second ‘genetic load’ region on pRSB101 harbours four distinct mobile genetic elements, another integron belonging to a new class and footprints of two more transposable elements. A tripartite multidrug (MDR) transporter consisting of an ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-type ATPase and permease, and an efflux membrane fusion protein (MFP) of the RND-family is encoded between the replication/partition and the mobilization module. Homologues of the macrolide resistance genes mph(A), mrx and mphR(A) were detected on eight other erythromycin resistance-plasmids isolated from activated sludge bacteria. Plasmid pRSB101-like repA amplicons were also obtained from plasmid-DNA preparations of the final effluents of the wastewater treatment plant indicating that pRSB101-like plasmids are released with the final effluents into the environment.

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Proposed Options for Noise Reduction from a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Case Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2409

Author(s):

Marek Moravec ◽

Miroslav Badida ◽

Nikoleta Mikušová ◽

Lýdia Sobotová ◽

Jozef Švajlenka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Technical Solution ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Noise Sources ◽

Industrial Installation ◽

Whole Process ◽

Noise Measurements ◽

The Individual

Industry and industrial complexes are often located in the proximity of people’s homes. One of the negative effects of industry is noise emissions into the surrounding environment. With the increasing concentration of the human population and the increase in industrial production, more and more people are exposed to the negative effects of noise. This article discusses a comprehensive approach to reducing noise emissions from industrial operations, and the subsequent impacts on surrounding villages and human health. The first step of the whole process is to understand the current state of the acoustic situation in industrial operation and in the nearby villages, an important part of which is the identification and localization of dominant noise sources. For this purpose, a unique noise visualization tool was used, namely, an acoustic camera. The next important step is to propose a technical solution and measures to reduce the noise of the individual source. Consequently, it is necessary to create a mathematical model, i.e., noise maps, in order to verify whether the proposed measures will be sufficient. Once the proposed measures have been implemented, verification of the effectiveness of these measures needs to be carried out through repeated noise measurements in nearby villages and also on the site of the industrial installation. The above procedure was applied to the operation of a wastewater treatment plant that was causing noise exceeding the permissible levels in the surrounding villages. The application of this approach, the implementation of the proposed measures, and the subsequent verification confirmed a significant reduction in the noise levels in the affected villages, and the measures implemented were assessed as highly effective.

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Decentralized proportional-integral control with carbon addition for wastewater treatment plant

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v9i6.2170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 2278-2285

Author(s):

M. H. Husin ◽

M. F. Rahmat ◽

N. A. Wahab

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Operational Cost ◽

Cost Index ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Aeration Intensity ◽

The Individual

Two main challenges in activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are cost and effluent quality, which has forced the wastewater treatment operator to find an alternative to improve the existing control strategy. The Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1 (BSM1) is applied as operational settings for this study. In BSM1, the standard control variables are the internal recirculation flow rate and the oxygen transfer rate. To improve the existing control strategy of BSM1, three alternative control handles are proposed, which are the individual aeration intensity control, carbon source addition and combination of both. The effect of each control handles in terms of the effluent violation, effluent quality, aeration cost, and total operational cost index are examined. The simulation result has shown that the individual control of aeration intensity improved the effluent quality index, and reduced the aeration, pumping, and total operational cost index when compared to the standard BSM1 control handle. Nonetheless, the addition of a fixed external carbon source has shown a significantly improved effluent quality with a lower number of total nitrogen violations as compared to the standard BSM1 control handles. Thus, the proposed control handles may be beneficial if applied in a real WWTP.

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A Scenic River in Rural Ohio Shows Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Including Acinetobacter Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance, Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

10.1101/2021.04.26.441562 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

April Murphy ◽

Daniel Barich ◽

Siobhan Fennessy ◽

Joan L. Slonczewski

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Wastewater Effluent ◽

Macrolide Resistance ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTRivers in rural areas receive continual influx of wastewater carrying antibiotics originally administered to humans and livestock. The entry of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into aquatic systems has been documented for large municipal wastewater treatment plants, but there is less study of the impact of smaller plants that are situated on small rural rivers. We sampled water metagenomes for ARG and taxa composition from the Kokosing State Scenic River, a small rural river in Knox County, Ohio. Samples were obtained upstream, a few meters downstream, and 6 km downstream from the effluent release of the Mount Vernon wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Through all seasons, the metagenome just downstream of the WWTP effluent showed a substantial elevation of at least 15 different ARGs, including 6 ARGs from Acinetobacter baumannii such as msrE, mphE (macrolide resistance) and tet(39) (tetracycline resistance). The ARGs most prevalent near the effluent pipe persisted 6 km downstream. The taxa distribution near the effluent showed elevation of Acinetobacter species as well as gut-associated taxa, Bacteroides and Firmicutes. The ARG levels and taxa prevalence showed little dependence on seasonal chlorination of effluent. Nitrogen and phosphorus were elevated near the effluent pipe but had no consistent effect on ARG levels. We show that in a rural river microbiome, year-round wastewater effluent substantially elevates ARGs including those of multidrug-resistant A. baumanii.IMPORTANCEAntibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide, with frequent transmission between pathogens and environmental organisms. Rural rivers support recreational use by people unaware of inputs from treated wastewater. In our study, the river water proximal to wastewater effluent shows increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii, an opportunistic pathogen of concern for hospitals but also widespread in natural environments. Our work highlights the importance of wastewater effluent in management of environmental antibiotic resistance.

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EVALUASI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT RK CHARITAS PALEMBANG

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jil.12.2.66-71 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Meylinda Mulyati ◽

JM Sri Narhadi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Hospital Wastewater ◽

Environmental Quality Standards ◽

High Level

Limbah cair rumah sakit merupakan salah satu sumber pencemar bagi lingkungan yang dapat memberi dampak negatif berupa gangguan terhadap kesehatan, kehidupan biotik serta gangguan terhadap keindahan sehingga harus diolah terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Rumah sakit RK Charitas mempunyai Instalasi Pengolahan Air limbah (IPAL) namun selama ini belum pernah dievaluasi. Baku Mutu Lingkungan (BML) Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit antara lain berupa BOD, COD, TSS, amoniak bebas, fosfat, dan total coli. Dari hasil analisis keluaran limbah cair RS RK Charitas Palembang tenyata limbah cair ini masih memiliki kadar amoniak (NH3) dan fosfat (PO4) yang masih tinggi yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu lingkungan (BML) dan syarat BML yang lain berada pada ambang batas. Kadar PO4 sebesar 2,134-2,213 mg/l yang melebihi BML sebesar 2 mg/l dan kadar NH3 sebesar 0,174-0,186 yang melebihi BML sebesar 0,1 mg/l. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan evalusi instalasi IPAL Rumah sakit RK Charitas Palembang dari alur proses, waktu proses pengolahan, bahan pengolah air limbah, dan biaya pengolahan limbah cair dan memberikan solusi penyelesaian berupa redesain IPAL dan membuat miniatur IPAL usulan yang akan disimulasikan. Diharapkan usulan redesain Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) di Rumah Sakit RK Charitas akan menghasilkan kualitas limbah cair yang memenuhi syarat baku mutu lingkungan rumah sakit.Hospital wastewater is one of the pollution sources to the environment that can cause negative impact on human health and disruption into biotic life. Hospital wastewater must be treated before it discharged into the environment. RK Charitas Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has not been evaluated. Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) of wastewater hospital consists of BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, phosphate, and total coliform. The analysis results of RK Charitas Hospital Palembang’s wastewater showed that the wastewater still have high level of ammonia (NH3) and phosphate (PO4) that do not sufficient to the environmental quality standards and other terms are at the threshold. Phosphate (PO4) level is 2.134 to 2.213 mg/l which exceeded the environmental quality standards is 2 mg/l and ammonia (NH3) level is 0.174 to 0.186 that exceeded the environmental quality standards is 0.1 mg/l. This research was conducted to evaluate the process, processing time, material, and costs of WWTP at RK Charitas Hospital Palembang and provide a solution for redesign a miniature WWTP that will be simulated. It is expected that the proposed redesign Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in RK Charitas Hospital will produce eligible effluent of hospital waste water towards environment quality standards.

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