scholarly journals Loss of mcr Genes Mediated by Plasmid Elimination and ISApl1

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Li Bai ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Ruichao Li
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plasmid Elimination

ABSTRACT We characterized the stability of a plasmid pCP53-mcr1_3 encoding mcr-1 and mcr-3.19 with and without colistin exposure during cultural passages via S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and nanopore MinION sequencing. Both mcr-1 and mcr-3.19 were missing in certain subclones, mediated by genetic excision (ISApl1-mcr-1-pap2), and deletions of large multidrug resistance (MDR) regions confirmed by ISApl1 and plasmid elimination. Without colistin exposure, the eradication of mcr genes is feasible, while the factors influencing the elimination processes warrant further study.

Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance inShigella dysenteriaeandShigella boydiistrains isolated from children aged <5 years in Egypt

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. EL-GENDY ◽  
A. MANSOUR ◽  
M. A. WEINER ◽  
G. PIMENTEL ◽  
A. W. ARMSTRONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYDiversity withinShigella dysenteriae(n=40) andShigella boydii(n=30) isolates from children living in Egypt aged <5 years was investigated.Shigella-associated diarrhoea occurred mainly in summer months and in children aged <3 years, it commonly presented with vomiting and fever. Serotypes 7 (30%), 2 (28%), and 3 (23%) accounted for most ofS. dysenteriaeisolates; 50% ofS. boydiiisolates were serotype 2.S. dysenteriaeandS. boydiiisolates were often resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (42%, 17%, respectively), although resistance varied among serotypes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis separated the isolates into distinct clusters correlating with species and serotype. Genetic differences in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and β-lactam-encoding resistance genes were also evident.S. dysenteriaeandS. boydiiare genetically diverse pathogens in Egypt; the high level of multidrug resistance associated with both pathogens and resistance to the most available inexpensive antibiotics underlines the importance of continuing surveillance.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multidrug Resistance in Ubiquitous and Dominant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serogroup O:11

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayotis T. Tassios ◽  
Vassiliki Gennimata ◽  
Anthony N. Maniatis ◽  
Caroline Fock ◽  
Nicholas J. Legakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Greek Hospitals ◽  
O 11

The serotypes of 88 nonreplicate nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from 11 Greek hospitals were studied in relation to their antibiotic susceptibilities. Rates of resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones ranged from 31 to 65%, except for those to ceftazidime (15%) and imipenem (21%). Four serotypes were dominant: O:12 (25% of isolates), O:1 (17%), O:11 (16%), and O:6 (10%). Multidrug resistance rates in the major serogroups O:12 (91%) and O:11 (79%) were higher than those in serogroups O:1 (40%) and O:6 (43%). Further typing with respect to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns following XbaI digestion of genomic DNA discriminated the isolates into 74 types. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the ubiquitous O:12 group was genetically homogeneous, since 95% of strains belonged to two clusters of genotypic similarity, while the O:11 strains, present in 8 of the 11 hospitals, were distributed among five such clusters. Therefore, apart from the already reported O:12 multidrug-resistant European clone, an O:11 population, characterized by a serotype known to be dominant in the environment and the hospital in several parts of the world, but previously not associated with multidrug resistance to antibiotics, has progressed to a multidrug-resistant state.

scholarly journals Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis to Determine the Source of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-610
Author(s):  
Eugene Y. H. Yeung ◽  
Ivan Gorn
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Cases

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has historically been considered the gold standard in fingerprinting bacterial strains in epidemiological studies and outbreak investigations; little is known regarding its use in individual clinical cases. The current study detailed two clinical cases in which PFGE helped to determine the source of their methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Patient A was found to have MRSA bacteremia after trauma in her pelvic area. MRSA was also found in her groin but not in her nostril and rectum. PFGE was performed that showed variable bands of her MRSA isolates from blood and groin, suggestive of different strains of MRSA. Her MRSA bacteremia was determined to be unrelated to her pelvic trauma. Patient B was found to have MRSA bacteremia after colonoscopy. MRSA was also found in his nostril and rectum. PFGE was performed that showed variable bands of his MRSA isolates from blood and rectum but identical bands of MRSA isolates from his blood and nostril. His MRSA bacteremia was determined to be unrelated to his colonoscopy procedure. The current study demonstrates the use of PFGE to rule out the source of bacteremia in individual clinical cases.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates by PCR and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3674-3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thisted Lambertz ◽  
M.-L. Danielsson-Tham
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Pork Samples

ABSTRACT Approximately 550 to 600 yersiniosis patients are reported annually in Sweden. Although pigs are thought to be the main reservoir of food-borne pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, the role of pork meat as a vehicle for transmission to humans is still unclear. Pork meat collected from refrigerators and local shops frequented by yersiniosis patients (n = 48) were examined for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia spp. A combined culture and PCR method was used for detection, and a multiplex PCR was developed and evaluated as a tool for efficient identification of pathogenic food and patient isolates. The results obtained with the multiplex PCR were compared to phenotypic test results and confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In all, 118 pork products (91 raw and 27 ready-to-eat) were collected. Pathogenic Yersinia spp. were detected by PCR in 10% (9 of 91) of the raw pork samples (loin of pork, fillet of pork, pork chop, ham, and minced meat) but in none of the ready-to-eat products. Isolates of Y. enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 were recovered from six of the PCR-positive raw pork samples; all harbored the virulence plasmid. All isolates were recovered from food collected in shops and, thus, none were from the patients' home. When subjected to PFGE, the six isolates displayed four different NotI profiles. The same four NotI profiles were also present among isolates recovered from the yersiniosis patients. The application of a multiplex PCR was shown to be an efficient tool for identification of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates in naturally contaminated raw pork.

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