scholarly journals Topical Decolonization Does Not Eradicate the Skin Microbiota of Community-Dwelling or Hospitalized Adults

2016 ◽  
pp. AAC.01289-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey-Ann D. Burnham ◽  
Patrick G. Hogan ◽  
Meghan A. Wallace ◽  
Elena Deych ◽  
William Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intranasal Mupirocin ◽  
Topical Antimicrobials ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Over Time

Topical antimicrobials are often employed for decolonization and infection prevention and may alter the endogenous microbiota of the skin. The objective of this study was to compare the microbial community, richness, and diversity in community-dwelling subjects and intensive care unit (ICU) patients before and after the use of topical decolonization protocols. We enrolled 15 adults at risk forStaphylococcus aureusinfection. Community subjects (n=8) underwent a 5-day decolonization protocol (twice daily intranasal mupirocin and daily dilute bleach water baths) and ICU patients (n=7) received daily chlorhexidine baths. Swab samples were collected from 5 anatomic sites immediately before, and again after, decolonization. A variety of culture media and incubation environments were used to recover bacteria and fungi; isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Overall, 174 unique organisms were recovered. Unique communities of organisms were recovered from the community-dwelling and hospitalized cohorts. In the community-dwelling cohort, microbial richness and diversity did not differ significantly between collections across time points, although the number of body sites colonized withS. aureussignificantly decreased over time (P=0.004). Within the hospitalized cohort, richness and diversity decreased over time compared to the enrollment sampling (from enrollment to final sampling,P=0.01 for both richness and diversity). Topical antimicrobials reduced the burden ofS. aureuswhile preserving other components of the skin and nasal microbiota.

scholarly journals Construction and Application of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Haemophilus parasuis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Kun Ning ◽  
Liping Shen ◽  
Xinyong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Self ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fingerprint Database ◽  
Protein Fingerprint

To construct a protein fingerprint database of Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis), thus improving its clinical diagnosis efficiency. A total of 15 H. parasuis standard strains were collected to establish a protein fingerprint database of H. parasuis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and the effects of different culture media and culture time on the quality and identification results of the protein fingerprint were investigated. The results showed that tryptone soy agar (TSA) and tryptone soy broth (TSB) media and different incubation times had no significant effect on the characteristic peaks of the protein profiles. In addition, 18 clinical isolates were used to compare the identification results of the self-built protein fingerprint database, PCR detection, and basic database. Only one strain was identified in the original VITEK-MS system database, while the self-made protein fingerprint database of H. parasuis was 100% accurate for the detection of 18 clinical isolate strains. The protein fingerprint database of H. parasuis built by our laboratory is suitable for rapid clinical diagnosis of H. parasuis, due to its high accuracy, efficiency, and strong specificity.

scholarly journals Application of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in clinical diagnostic microbiology

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena De Carolis ◽  
Antonietta Vella ◽  
Luisa Vaccaro ◽  
Riccardo Torelli ◽  
Teresa Spanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology ◽  
Tof Ms

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently emerged as a powerful technique for identification of microorganisms, changing the workflow of well-established laboratories so that its impact on microbiological diagnostics has been unparalleled. In comparison with conventional identification methods that rely on biochemical tests and require long incubation procedures, MALDI-TOF MS has the advantage of identifying bacteria and fungi directly from colonies grown on culture plates in a few minutes and with simple procedures. Numerous studies on different systems available demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the method, and new frontiers have been explored besides microbial species level identification, such as direct identification of pathogens from positive blood cultures, subtyping, and drug susceptibility detection.

scholarly journals Oviduct Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Change the Phospholipid Composition of Bovine Embryos Developed In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Banliat ◽  
Daniel Le Bourhis ◽  
Ophélie Bernardi ◽  
Daniel Tomas ◽  
Valérie Labas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oviduct Fluid

Oviduct fluid extracellular vesicles (oEVs) have been proposed as bringing key molecules to the early developing embryo. In order to evaluate the changes induced by oEVs on embryo phospholipids, fresh bovine blastocysts developed in vitro in the presence or absence of oEVs were analyzed by intact cell MALDI-TOF (Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization—Time of flight) mass spectrometry (ICM-MS). The development rates, cryotolerance, and total cell number of blastocysts were also evaluated. The exposure to oEVs did not affect blastocyst yield or cryotolerance but modified the phospholipid content of blastocysts with specific changes before and after blastocoel expansion. The annotation of differential peaks due to oEV exposure evidenced a shift of embryo phospholipids toward more abundant phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and sphingomyelins (SM) with long-chain fatty acids. The lipidomic profiling of oEVs showed that 100% and 33% of the overabundant masses in blastocysts and expanded blastocysts, respectively, were also present in oEVs. In conclusion, this study provides the first analysis of the embryo lipidome regulated by oEVs. Exposure to oEVs induced significant changes in the phospholipid composition of resulting embryos, probably mediated by the incorporation of oEV-phospholipids into embryo membranes and by the modulation of the embryonic lipid metabolism by oEV molecular cargos.

scholarly journals Exploring the Inhibition of CTX-M-9 by β-Lactamase Inhibitors and Carbapenems

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 3465-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Bethel ◽  
Magdalena Taracila ◽  
Teresa Shyr ◽  
Jodi M. Thomson ◽  
Anne M. Distler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enzyme Intermediate

ABSTRACTCurrently, CTX-M β-lactamases are among the most prevalent and most heterogeneous extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). In general, CTX-M enzymes are susceptible to inhibition by β-lactamase inhibitors. However, it is unknown if the pathway to inhibition by β-lactamase inhibitors for CTX-M ESBLs is similar to TEM and SHV β-lactamases and why bacteria possessing only CTX-M ESBLs are so susceptible to carbapenems. Here, we have performed a kinetic analysis and timed electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) studies to reveal the intermediates of inhibition of CTX-M-9, an ESBL representative of this family of enzymes. CTX-M-9 β-lactamase was inactivated by sulbactam, tazobactam, clavulanate, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem, and a 6-methylidene penem, penem 1.Kivalues ranged from 1.6 ± 0.3 μM (mean ± standard error) for tazobactam to 0.02 ± 0.01 μM for penem 1. Before and after tryptic digestion of the CTX-M-9 β-lactamase apo-enzyme and CTX-M-9 inactivation by inhibitors (meropenem, clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam, and penem 1), ESI-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified different adducts attached to the peptide containing the active site Ser70 (+52, 70, 88, and 156 ± 3 atomic mass units). This study shows that a multistep inhibition pathway results from modification or fragmentation with clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam, while a single acyl enzyme intermediate is detected when meropenem and penem 1 inactivate CTX-M-9 β-lactamase. More generally, we propose that Arg276 in CTX-M-9 plays an essential role in the recognition of the C3carboxylate of inhibitors and that the localization of this positive charge to a “region of the active site” rather than a specific residue represents an important evolutionary strategy used by β-lactamases.

scholarly journals Special application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in clinical microbiological diagnostics

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (38) ◽  
pp. 1495-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nagy ◽  
Marianna Ábrók ◽  
Noémi Bartha ◽  
László Bereczki ◽  
Emese Juhász ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Desorption Ionization ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Matrix Assisted Laser ◽  
Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a new possibility for rapid identification of bacteria and fungi revolutionized the clinical microbiological diagnostics. It has an extreme importance in the routine microbiological laboratories, as identification of the pathogenic species rapidly will influence antibiotic selection before the final determination of antibiotic resistance of the isolate. The classical methods for identification of bacteria or fungi, based on biochemical tests, are influenced by many environmental factors. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a rapid method which is able to identify a great variety of the isolated bacteria and fungi based on the composition of conserved ribosomal proteins. Recently several other applications of the method have also been investigated such as direct identification of pathogens from the positive blood cultures. There are possibilities to identify bacteria from the urine samples in urinary tract infection or from other sterile body fluids. Using selective enrichment broth Salmonella sp from the stool samples can be identified more rapidly, too. The extended spectrum beta-lactamase or carbapenemase production of the isolated bacteria can be also detected by this method helping the antibiotic selection in some cases. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry based methods are suitable to investigate changes in deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid, to carry out rapid antibiotic resistance determination or other proteomic analysis. The aim of this paper is to give an overview about present possibilities of using this technique in the clinical microbiological routine procedures. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(38), 1495–1503.

scholarly journals Detection of Frozen–Thawed Duck Fatty Liver by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: A Chemometrics Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Laurent Aubry ◽  
Thierry Sayd ◽  
Claude Ferreira ◽  
Christophe Chambon ◽  
Annie Vénien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Discriminant Power

The marketing of poultry livers is only authorized as fresh, frozen, or deep-frozen. The higher consumer demand for these products for a short period of time may lead to the marketing of frozen–thawed poultry livers: this constitutes fraud. The aim of this study was to design a method for distinguishing frozen–thawed livers from fresh livers. For this, the spectral fingerprint of liver proteins was acquired using Matrix-Assisted Laser Dissociation Ionization-Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometry. The spectra were analyzed using the chemometrics approach. First, principal component analysis studied the expected variability of commercial conditions before and after freezing–thawing. Then, the discriminant power of spectral fingerprint of liver proteins was assessed using supervised model generation. The combined approach of mass spectrometry and chemometrics successfully described the evolution of protein profile during storage time, before and after freezing-thawing, and successfully discriminated the fresh and frozen–thawed livers. These results are promising in terms of fraud detection, providing an opportunity for implementation of a reference method for agencies to fight fraud.

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