scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Humans, Environmental Surfaces, and Companion Animals in Households of Children with Community-Onset Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6634-6637 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Morelli ◽  
Patrick G. Hogan ◽  
Melanie L. Sullivan ◽  
Carol E. Muenks ◽  
Jeffrey W. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Community Onset

ABSTRACTOur objective was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates recovered from 110 households of children with community-onset methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) infections. Cultures were obtained from household members, household objects, and dogs and cats, yielding 1,633S. aureusisolates. TheS. aureusisolates were heterogeneous, although more than half were methicillin resistant. The highest proportion of MRSA was found in bathrooms. The majority of isolates were susceptible to antibiotics prescribed in outpatient settings.

scholarly journals A Shared Population of Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15 Circulates in Humans and Companion Animals

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan M. Harrison ◽  
Lucy A. Weinert ◽  
Matthew T. G. Holden ◽  
John J. Welch ◽  
Katherine Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
One Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The One ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a global human health problem causing infections in both hospitals and the community. Companion animals, such as cats, dogs, and horses, are also frequently colonized by MRSA and can become infected. We sequenced the genomes of 46 multilocus sequence type (ST) 22 MRSA isolates from cats and dogs in the United Kingdom and compared these to an extensive population framework of human isolates from the same lineage. Phylogenomic analyses showed that all companion animal isolates were interspersed throughout the epidemic MRSA-15 (EMRSA-15) pandemic clade and clustered with human isolates from the United Kingdom, with human isolates basal to those from companion animals, suggesting a human source for isolates infecting companion animals. A number of isolates from the same veterinary hospital clustered together, suggesting that as in human hospitals, EMRSA-15 isolates are readily transmitted in the veterinary hospital setting. Genome-wide association analysis did not identify any host-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or virulence factors. However, isolates from companion animals were significantly less likely to harbor a plasmid encoding erythromycin resistance. When this plasmid was present in animal-associated isolates, it was more likely to contain mutations mediating resistance to clindamycin. This finding is consistent with the low levels of erythromycin and high levels of clindamycin used in veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom. This study furthers the “one health” view of infectious diseases that the pathogen pool of human and animal populations are intrinsically linked and provides evidence that antibiotic usage in animal medicine is shaping the population of a major human pathogen.IMPORTANCEMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is major problem in human medicine. Companion animals, such as cats, dogs, and horses, can also become colonized and infected by MRSA. Here, we demonstrate that a shared population of an important and globally disseminated lineage of MRSA can infect both humans and companion animals without undergoing host adaptation. This suggests that companion animals might act as a reservoir for human infections. We also show that the isolates from companion animals have differences in the presence of certain antibiotic resistance genes. This study furthers the “one health” view of infectious diseases by demonstrating that the pool of MRSA isolates in the human and animal populations are shared and highlights how different antibiotic usage patterns between human and veterinary medicine can shape the population of bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Household Transmission of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiteng Zhu ◽  
Hemu Zhuang ◽  
Shujuan Ji ◽  
Er Xu ◽  
Lingfang Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Identification ◽  
Colonization Dynamics ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Currently, the mechanism of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) transmission mechanism is unclear; however, it must be considered in conjunction with asymptomatic S. aureus strains colonization dynamics. This epidemiological study aimed to determine the role of the household in CA-MRSA transmission in China. Five patients with culture-confirmed CA-MRSA infection and five control patients were recruited from the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital in Zhejiang, China, between December 2019 and January 2020. The household members of the patients, their pets, and environmental surfaces were sampled and screened for MRSA colonization. Mass spectrometry identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on the MRSA isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) were performed to determine the origin and transmission of the MRSA isolates in the households. Overall, 14 S. aureus-positive specimens (14.1%, 14/99) were obtained from the five households of patients with CA-MRSA infections, of which 12 (85.7%) were MRSA. The overall positivity of MRSA was 12.1% (12/99) among the samples from the CA-MRSA households, while no MRSA isolates were detected in the five control households. Most MRSA isolates belonged to epidemic CA-MRSA clones, such as ST59 (15/35, 42.9%) and ST508 (15/35, 42.9%). The cgMLST results confirmed that MRSA was transmitted among patients, contacts, and pets in the households and was present on environmental surfaces in the CA-MRSA patients' households. In conclusion, the study revealed that the home environment was an important MRSA reservoir. Therefore, focusing on MRSA decolonization in patients alone is not sufficient for infection control of CA-MRSA.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from U.S. Hospitals: Results from 7 Years of the Ceftaroline (AWARE) Surveillance Program, 2010 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Jennifer M. Streit ◽  
Robert K. Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers

ABSTRACT We evaluated trends in Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial susceptibility in U.S. hospitals in the 2010–2016 period. A total of 21,056 clinical isolates from 42 medical centers were tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution methods. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) rates decreased from 50.0% (in 2010) to 42.2% (in 2016). Susceptibility to erythromycin, levofloxacin, and clindamycin increased slightly, whereas susceptibility to ceftaroline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline remained stable. Ceftaroline retained potent activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA (97.2% susceptible) with no marked variations.

scholarly journals A New Local Variant (ST764) of the Globally Disseminated ST5 Lineage of Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Carrying the Virulence Determinants of Community-Associated MRSA

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takano ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
Michiko Shibuya ◽  
Wataru Higuchi ◽  
Yasuhisa Iwao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Variant ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

ABSTRACTThe ST5 lineage of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is one of the most globally disseminated hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) lineages. We isolated a new local variant (designated ST764) over at least 5 years that causes invasive infections, including necrotizing fasciitis, and is carried by medical students, as well as household members. Analysis of the genome sequence of one isolate compared to that of the reference ST5 strain revealed that ST764 had acquired virulence traits similar to those of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) through the acquisition of two new mobile genetic elements, ACMEII and SaPInn54, which carried ACMEarcAand the staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene (seb), respectively, and through enhanced expression of cytolytic peptide genes, although ST764 was negative for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Other differences between ST764 and ST5 included the acquisition of an ACMEII-related cassette (cJR1), prophage φ2NN54, and streptococcal Tn5251and decreased numbers of copies of Tn554. As for superantigen genes, although the two possessedseg,sei,sem,sen, andseo, ST764 lackedtst,sec,sel, andsep. The data suggest that ST764 MRSA is a novel hybrid variant of ST5 HA-MRSA with the characteristics of CA-MRSA and that the evolution of ST764 includes multiple steps, e.g., acquisition of novel or nonstaphylococcal mobile elements.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Ceftaroline and Comparator Agents against Bacterial Organisms Causing Bacteremia in Patients with Skin and Skin Structure Infections in U.S. Medical Centers, 2008 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2558-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical Centers

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,454 organisms consecutively collected from patients with bacteremia associated with skin and skin structure infections. The most common organisms obtained wereStaphylococcus aureus(670 organisms [46.1%]),Escherichia coli(200 organisms [13.8%]), β-hemolytic streptococci (βHS) (138 organisms [9.5%]), andKlebsiella pneumoniae(109 organisms [7.5%]). The susceptibility rates for ceftaroline were 97.9% forS. aureus(95.9% among methicillin-resistantS. aureus[MRSA]), 100.0% for βHS, 86.5% forE. coli, and 89.0% forK. pneumoniae. Ceftaroline and tigecycline provided the best overall coverage.

scholarly journals Transmission and Persistence of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Veterinarians and Their Household Members

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bosch ◽  
E. Verkade ◽  
M. van Luit ◽  
F. Landman ◽  
J. Kluytmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genome Maps ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTAfter the first isolation of livestock-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(LA-MRSA) in 2003, this MRSA variant quickly became the predominant MRSA obtained from humans as part of the Dutch national MRSA surveillance. Previous studies have suggested that human-to-human transmission of LA-MRSA, compared to that of other MRSA lineages, rarely occurs. However, these reports describe the transmission of LA-MRSA based on epidemiology and limited molecular characterization of isolates, making it difficult to assess whether transmission actually occurred. In this study, we used whole-genome maps (WGMs) to identify possible transmission of LA-MRSA between humans. For this, we used LA-MRSA isolates originating from a 2-year prospective longitudinal cohort study in which livestock veterinarians and their household members were repeatedly sampled for the presence ofS. aureus. A considerable degree of genotypic variation among LA-MRSA strains was observed. However, there was very limited variability between the maps of the isolates originating from the same veterinarian, indicating that each of the veterinarians persistently carried or had reacquired the same LA-MRSA strain. Comparison of WGMs revealed that LA-MRSA transmission had likely occurred within virtually every veterinarian household. Yet only a single LA-MRSA strain per household appeared to be involved in transmission. The results corroborate our previous finding that LA-MRSA is genetically diverse. Furthermore, this study shows that transmission of LA-MRSA between humans occurs and that carriage of LA-MRSA can be persistent, thus posing a potential risk for spread of this highly resistant pathogen in the community.

scholarly journals Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) prevalence in humans in close contact with animals and measures to reduce on-farm colonisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo ◽  
Peadar G. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
On Farm

AbstractSince the 1940s, Staphylococcus aureus has adapted to the use of different antimicrobials to treat infections. Although S. aureus can act as a commensal bacterium, some strains are facultative pathogens and acquiring them can be fatal. In particular, treating infections caused by S. aureus with acquired antimicrobial resistance is problematic, as their treatment is more difficult. Some of these S. aureus variants are methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with prevalence across the globe in health-care facilities, community settings and on livestock farms. Apart from humans, MRSA can colonise other animal species, and because of this, resistance to new antimicrobials can appear and jump between species. Livestock and companion animals are particularly important in this regard considering the relatively high usage of antimicrobials in these species. There is a risk to humans who come into direct contact with animals acquiring MRSA but there is also the risk of animals acquiring MRSA from colonised humans. In this review, we summarise studies conducted worldwide to characterise the prevalence of MRSA in veterinarians, farmers and other personnel who come into close contact with animals. Finally, alternative treatment, preventive measures and on-farm strategies to reduce MRSA introduction to a farm and carriage within a herd are discussed.

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