scholarly journals Improvement of the Immunochromatographic NG-Test Carba 5 Assay for the Detection of IMP Variants Previously Undetected

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Volland ◽  
Delphine Girlich ◽  
Marine Laguide ◽  
Camille Gonzalez ◽  
Virginie Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Variant Detection

ABSTRACT Here, we evaluated the immunochromatographic assay NG-Test Carba 5v2 (NG-Biotech), with improved IMP variant detection on 31 IMP producers, representing the different branches of the IMP phylogeny, including 32 OXA-48, 19 KPC, 12 VIM, 14 NDM, and 13 multiple carbapenemase producers (CPs), 13 CPs that were not targeted, and 13 carbapenemase-negative isolates. All tested IMP variants were accurately detected without impairing detection of the other carbapenemases. Thus, NG-Test Carba 5v2 is now well adapted to countries with high IMP prevalence and to the epidemiology of CP-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where IMPs are most frequently detected.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of pulp extracts from three populations of Ziziphus lotus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaimae Rais ◽  
Asmae Driouch ◽  
Chaimae Slimani ◽  
Aymane Bessi ◽  
Mounyr Balouiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of the jujube fruit. Design/methodology/approach The fruit samples were harvested from Ziziphus lotus L. in three regions of Morocco: Aïn Chifae (Immouzer), Saiss (Fez) and Guercif. The fruit extracts were obtained by Soxhlet method using ethanol, methanol and water, and then a phytochemical screening was done for each extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were also determined. Afterward, the antimicrobial activity of the studied extracts was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. To estimate the total antioxidant effect of these extracts, the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging and phosphomolybdate tests were performed. Findings Results showed that the highest content of polyphenols and flavonoids was found for ethanol and methanol extracts, while the lowest content was found in the aqueous extracts for all populations studied. Thus, results showed that the highest content of phenolic compounds was recorded in the population of Fez. Methanol extract of this population was the richest in polyphenols (30.36 mg/g) and in flavonoids (13.03 mg/g). The antimicrobial tests showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most sensitive (6.25 mg/ml), compared to the other tested strains. Based on the minimal bactericidal concentrations/minimal fungicidal concentration or MFC/MIC ratio, it seems that ethanol extracts showed a bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis, and a bacteriostatic effect against Enterococcus faecalis. On the other hand, the methanol extract showed bacteriostatic effect against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, methanol extracts of Ziziphus lotus have significant antioxidant potent. Originality/value Methanol and ethanol extracts of Ziziphus lotus fruit have demonstrated strong antimicrobial effect. Moreover, the authors were able to show that the extract of Ziziphus lotus fruit has a very important antioxidant power.

scholarly journals IMP-29, a Novel IMP-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2187-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Jeannot ◽  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Marjorie Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Pascal Cholley ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACTAnalysis of two clonally related multiresistantPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates led to the identification of a novel IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase. IMP-29 was significantly different from the other IMP variants (the closest variant being IMP-5 with 93% amino acid identity). TheblaIMP-29gene cassette was carried by a class 1 integron in strain 10.298, while in strain 10.266 it was located in a rearranged DNA region on a 30-kb conjugative plasmid. Biochemical analysis confirmed that IMP-29 efficiently hydrolyzed carbapenems.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Genes Responsible for Overexpression ofampCin Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 5987-5993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Tsutsumi ◽  
Haruyoshi Tomita ◽  
Koichi Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pao1 ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Resistant Mutants

ABSTRACTThe development of resistance to antipseudomonal penicillins and cephalosporins mediated by the chromosomalampCgene inPseudomonas aeruginosais of clinical importance. We isolated piperacillin-resistant mutants derived fromP. aeruginosaPAO1 and analyzed two mutants that had an insertion inmplandnuoN. One mutant, YT1677, was resistant to piperacillin and ceftazidime and had an insertion inmpl, which encodes UDP-N-acetylmuramate:l-alanyl-γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate ligase. The other mutant, YT7988, showed increased MICs of piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefoperazone, and the insertion was mapped tonuoN, which encodes NADH dehydrogenase I chain N. Complementation experiments demonstrated that these mutations resulted in higher levels of resistance to β-lactams. The expression of genes reported to be involved in β-lactam resistance was examined by real-time PCR in YT1677 and YT7988 mutants. Overexpression was observed for onlyampC, and other genes were expressed normally. Deletion of theampRgene in YT1677 and YT7988 resulted in decreased expression ofampC, indicating that the mutations in YT1677 and YT7988 affected the expression ofampCthrough the function of AmpR.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa of Czech Origin and Evidence for Clonal Spread of Extensively Resistant Sequence Type 357 Expressing IMP-7 Metallo-β-Lactamase

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas C. Papagiannitsis ◽  
Matej Medvecky ◽  
Katerina Chudejova ◽  
Anna Skalova ◽  
Veronika Rotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clonal Spread

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to perform molecular surveillance for assessing the spread of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Czech hospitals. One hundred thirty-six carbapenemase-producing isolates were recovered from 22 hospitals located throughout the country. Sequence type 357 (ST357) dominated (n = 120) among carbapenemase producers. One hundred seventeen isolates produced IMP-type (IMP-7 [n = 116] and IMP-1 [n = 1]) metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs), 15 produced the VIM-2 MβL, and the remaining isolates expressed the GES-5 enzyme. The bla IMP-like genes were located in three main integron types, with In-p110-like being the most prevalent (n = 115). The two other IMP-encoding integrons (In1392 and In1393) have not been described previously. bla VIM-2-carrying integrons included In59-like, In56, and a novel element (In1391). bla GES-5 was carried by In717. Sequencing data showed that In-p110-like was associated with a Tn4380-like transposon inserted in genomic island LESGI-3 in the P. aeruginosa chromosome. The other integrons were also integrated into the P. aeruginosa chromosome. These findings indicated the clonal spread of ST357 P. aeruginosa, carrying the IMP-7-encoding integron In-p110, in Czech hospitals. Additionally, the sporadic emergence of P. aeruginosa producing different carbapenemase types, associated with divergent or novel integrons, punctuated the ongoing evolution of these bacteria.

Posterior approach for cervical intramedullary arteriovenous malformation with diffuse-type nidus

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ohata ◽  
Toshihiro Takami ◽  
Alaa El-Naggar ◽  
Michiharu Morino ◽  
Akimasa Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Spinal Artery ◽  
Neural Element ◽  
Feeding Artery ◽  
Diffuse Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The treatment of spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with a diffuse-type nidus that contains a neural element poses different challenges compared with a glomus-type nidus. The surgical elimination of such lesions involves the risk of spinal cord ischemia that results from coagulation of the feeding artery that, at the same time, supplies cord parenchyma. However, based on evaluation of the risks involved in performing embolization, together with the frequent occurrence of reperfusion, which necessitates frequent reembolization, the authors consider surgery to be a one-stage solution to a disease that otherwise has a very poor prognosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed diffuse-type intramedullary AVMs in the cervical spinal cords of three patients who subsequently underwent surgery via the posterior approach. The AVM was supplied by the anterior spinal artery in one case and by both the anterior and posterior spinal arteries in the other two cases. In all three cases, a posterior median myelotomy was performed up to the vicinity of the anterior median fissure that divided the spinal cord together with the nidus, and the feeding artery was coagulated and severed at its origin from the anterior spinal artery. In the two cases in which the posterior spinal artery fed the AVM, the feeding artery was coagulated on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. Neurological outcome improved in one patient and deteriorated slightly to mildly in the other two patients. Postoperative angiography demonstrated complete disappearance of the AVM in all cases. Because of the extremely poor prognosis of patients with spinal intramedullary AVMs, this surgical technique for the treatment of diffuse-type AVMs provides acceptable operative outcome. Surgical intervention should be considered when managing a patient with a diffuse-type intramedullary AVM in the cervical spinal cord.

Biodegradation of chlorophenols by immobilized pure-culture microorganisms

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chih-Jen ◽  
Lee Chi-Mei ◽  
Huang Chiou-Zong
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Lag Period

The biodegradation of phenol and chlorophenols by immobilized pure-culture cells was conducted by a series of batch reactors. The microorganisms used in this study were Pseudomonas putida, Psuedomonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Agrobacterium radiobacter. All four species showed the ortho-cleavage pathway to metabolize chlorophenols. Among the four species, P. testosteroni, P. putida, and P. aeruginosa could effectively remove phenol at 200 mg/l. P. testosteroni could effectively remove 2-chlorophenol at 10mg/l. However, the other three species, P. putida, P. aeruginosa, and A. radiobacter, could not effectively remove 2-chlorophenol. Although 3-chlorophenol is a recalcitrant compound, P. testosteroni also could rapidly metabolize 3-chlorophenol at 10 mg/l. The removal of 4-chlorophenol at 10 mg/l by P. testosteroni reached 98% within one day. P. aeruginosa and A. radiobacter also could metabolize 4-chlorophenol after 2 and 7 days of lag period, respectively.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 Enhances the Efficacy of Norfloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus Newman Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Orazi ◽  
Fabrice Jean-Pierre ◽  
George A. O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The thick mucus within the airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) promotes frequent respiratory infections that are often polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two of the most prevalent pathogens that cause CF pulmonary infections, and both are among the most common etiologic agents of chronic wound infections. Furthermore, the ability of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus to form biofilms promotes the establishment of chronic infections that are often difficult to eradicate using antimicrobial agents. In this study, we found that multiple LasR-regulated exoproducts of P. aeruginosa, including 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO), siderophores, phenazines, and rhamnolipids, likely contribute to the ability of P. aeruginosa PA14 to shift S. aureus Newman norfloxacin susceptibility profiles. Here, we observe that exposure to P. aeruginosa exoproducts leads to an increase in intracellular norfloxacin accumulation by S. aureus. We previously showed that P. aeruginosa supernatant dissipates the S. aureus membrane potential, and furthermore, depletion of the S. aureus proton motive force recapitulates the effect of the P. aeruginosa PA14 supernatant on shifting norfloxacin sensitivity profiles of biofilm-grown S. aureus Newman. From these results, we hypothesize that exposure to P. aeruginosa PA14 exoproducts leads to increased uptake of the drug and/or an impaired ability of S. aureus Newman to efflux norfloxacin. Surprisingly, the effect observed here of P. aeruginosa PA14 exoproducts on S. aureus Newman susceptibility to norfloxacin seemed to be specific to these strains and this antibiotic. Our results illustrate that microbially derived products can alter the ability of antimicrobial agents to kill bacterial biofilms. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are frequently coisolated from multiple infection sites, including the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers. Coinfection with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus has been shown to produce worse outcomes compared to infection with either organism alone. Furthermore, the ability of these pathogens to form biofilms enables them to cause persistent infection and withstand antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we found that P. aeruginosa-secreted products dramatically increase the ability of the antibiotic norfloxacin to kill S. aureus biofilms. Understanding how interspecies interactions alter the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial biofilms may inform treatment decisions and inspire the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds: case of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Rifki Ismal ◽  
Nurul Izzati Septiana
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exchange Rate Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Risk Identify ◽  
Hajj Season ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Purpose The demand for Saudi Arabian real (SAR) is very high in the pilgrimage (hajj) season while the authority, unfortunately, does not hedge the hajj funds. As such, the hajj funds are potentially exposed to exchange rate risk, which can impact the value of hajj funds and generate extra cost to the pilgrims. The purpose of this paper is to conduct simulations of Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds to: mitigate and minimize exchange rate risk, identify and recommend the ideal time, amount and tenors of Islamic hedging for hajj funds, estimate cost saving by pursuing Islamic hedging and propose technical and general recommendations for the authority. Design/methodology/approach Forward transaction mechanism is adopted to compute Islamic forward between SAR and Rupiah (Indonesian currency) or IDR. Findings – based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Findings Based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Research limitations/implications The research suggests the authority to (and not to) hedge the hajj fund, depending on economic conditions and market indicators. Even though the assessment is for the Indonesian case, other countries maintaining hajj funds might also learn from this paper. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first paper in Indonesia that attempts to simulate the optimal hedging of hajj funds.

Relief of facial pain after combined removal of precentral and postcentral cortex

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lende ◽  
Wolff M. Kirsch ◽  
Ralph Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Burning Pain ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Frontal Lobotomy

✓ Cortical removals which included precentral and postcentral facial representations resulted in relief of facial pain in two patients. Because of known failures following only postcentral (SmI) ablations, these operations were designed to eliminate also the cutaneous afferent projection to the precentral gyrus (MsI) and the second somatic sensory area (SmII). In one case burning pain developed after a stroke involving the brain stem and was not improved by total fifth nerve section; prompt relief followed corticectomy and lasted until death from heart disease 20 months later. In the other case persistent steady pain that developed after fifth rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia proved refractory to frontal lobotomy; relief after corticectomy was immediate and has lasted 14 months. Cortical localization was established by stimulation under local anesthesia. Each removal extended up to the border of the arm representation and down to the upper border of the insula. Such a resection necessarily included SmII, and in one case responses presumably from SmII were obtained before removal. The suggestions of Biemond (1956) and Poggio and Mountcastle (1960) that SmII might be concerned with pain sensibility may be pertinent in these cases.

scholarly journals Revisiting the quorum-sensing hierarchy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the transcriptional regulator RhlR regulates LasR-specific factors

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Dekimpe ◽  
Eric Déziel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Late Stationary Phase ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Specific Factors

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the two major quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory systems las and rhl to modulate the expression of many of its virulence factors. The las system is considered to stand at the top of the QS hierarchy. However, some virulence factors such as pyocyanin have been reported to still be produced in lasR mutants under certain conditions. Interestingly, such mutants arise spontaneously under various conditions, including in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Using transcriptional lacZ reporters, LC/MS quantification and phenotypic assays, we have investigated the regulation of QS-controlled factors by the las system. Our results show that activity of the rhl system is only delayed in a lasR mutant, thus allowing the expression of multiple virulence determinants such as pyocyanin, rhamnolipids and C4-homoserine lactone (HSL) during the late stationary phase. Moreover, at this stage, RhlR is able to overcome the absence of the las system by activating specific LasR-controlled functions, including production of 3-oxo-C12-HSL and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). P. aeruginosa is thus able to circumvent the deficiency of one of its QS systems by allowing the other to take over. This work demonstrates that the QS hierarchy is more complex than the model simply presenting the las system above the rhl system.

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