scholarly journals Plasmid-mediated dissemination of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaIMP among clinically isolated strains of Serratia marcescens.

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ito ◽  
Y Arakawa ◽  
S Ohsuka ◽  
R Wacharotayankun ◽  
N Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aichi Prefecture ◽  
Imipenem Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The distribution of strains producing metallo-beta-lactamase among 105 strains of Serratia marcescens was investigated. All of these strains were isolated in seven general hospitals located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, from April to May 1993. Southern hybridization analysis suggested that four S. marcescens strains, AK9373, AK9374, AK9385, and AK9391, had a metallo-beta-lactamase genes similar to the blaIMP gene found by our laboratory (E. Osano, Y. Arakawa, R. Wacharotayankun, M. Ohta, T. Horii, H. Ito, F. Yoshimura, and N. Kato, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:71-78, 1994), and these four strains showed resistance to carbapenems as well as to the other broad-spectrum beta-lactams. In particular, strains AK9373, AK9374, and AK9391 showed an extraordinarily high-level resistance to imipenem (MICs, > or = 64 micrograms/ml), whereas strain AK9385 demonstrated moderate imipenem resistance (MIC, 8 micrograms/ml). The imipenem resistance of AK9373 was transferred to Escherichia coli CSH2 by conjugation with a frequency of 10(-5). The DNA probe of the blaIMP gene hybridized to a large plasmid (approximately 120 kb) transferred into the E. coli transconjugant as well as to the large plasmids harbored by AK9373. On the other hand, although we failed in the conjugational transfer of imipenem resistance from strains AK9374, AK9385, and AK9391 to E. coli CSH2, imipenem resistance was transferred from these strains to E. coli HB101 by transformation. A plasmid (approximately 25 kb) was observed in each transformant which acquired imipenem resistance. The amino acid sequence at the N terminus of the enzyme purified from strain AK9373 was identical to that of the metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1. In contrast, strains ES9348, AK9386, and AK93101, which were moderately resistant to imipenem (MICs, > or = 4 to < or = 8 micrograms/ml), had no detectable blaIMP gene. As a conclusion, 19% of clinically isolated S. marcescens strains in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, in 1993 were resistant to imipenem (MICs, > or = 2 micrograms/ml), and strains which showed high-level imipenem resistance because of acquisition of a plasmid-mediated blaIMP-like metallo-beta-lactamase gene had already proliferated as nosocomial infections, at least in a general hospital.

scholarly journals Multifocal outbreaks of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to broad-spectrum beta-lactams, including carbapenems.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Senda ◽  
Y Arakawa ◽  
K Nakashima ◽  
H Ito ◽  
S Ichiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Hybridization Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Imipenem Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lactamase Gene

A total of 3,700 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from 17 general hospitals in Japan from 1992 to 1994. Of these isolates, 132 carbapenem-resistant strains were subjected to DNA hybridization analysis with the metallo-beta-lactamase gene (blaIMP)-specific probe. Fifteen strains carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene were identified in five hospitals in different geographical areas. Three strains of P. aeruginosa demonstrated high-level imipenem resistance (MIC, > or = 128 micrograms/ml), two strains exhibited low-level imipenem resistance (MIC, < or = 4 micrograms/ml), and the rest of the strains were in between. These results revealed that the acquisition of a metallo-beta-lactamase gene alone does not necessarily confer elevated resistance to carbapenems. In several strains, the metallo-beta-lactamase gene was carried by large plasmids, and carbapenem resistance was transferred from P. aeruginosa to Escherichia coli by electroporation in association with the acquisition of the large plasmid. Southern hybridization analysis and genomic DNA fingerprinting profiles revealed different genetic backgrounds for these 15 isolates, although considerable similarity was observed for the strains isolated from the same hospital. These findings suggest that the metallo-beta-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa strains are not confined to a unique clonal lineage but proliferated multifocally by plasmid-mediated dissemination of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene in strains of different genetic backgrounds. Thus, further proliferation of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains with resistance to various beta-lactams may well be inevitable in the future, which emphasizes the need for early recognition of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains, rigorous infection control, and restricted clinical use of broad-spectrum beta-lactams including carbapenems.

scholarly journals SENSITIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS ESBL-PRODUCING AND NOT PRODUCING ESBL STRAINS OF E. COLI IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
N. I. Dimitrova ◽  
T. D. Gasretova ◽  
E. L. Alutina ◽  
G. G. Kharseeva
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

As a result of the conducted researches it is shown that 44.1% of urinary tract infections (UTIS) caused by E. coli are accounted for by producers of beta-lactamase of the extended spectrum of action (ESBL). Associated resistance to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole was found in 93.3% of BLRS-producing E. coli strains. All studied strains regardless of ESBL production were sensitive to imipenem, the majority showed sensitivity to ertapenem, gentamicin and resistance to doxycycline. Not producing ESBL strains of E. coli were sensitive to fosfomycin. Comparison of data obtained during testing of isolated cultures on ESBL, study of their sensitivity and resistance to beta-lactams (amoxicillin/clavulanate, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, imipenem) indicates the need to test isolates for AmpC products. To this end, during the screening test for ESBL and the method of «double disks», along with cephalosporins of III generation, it is necessary to use a phenotypic test for sensitivity to cefepime. The use of test results of E. coli isolates isolated from patients with UTIS for the production of ESBL, ampC enzymes, carbapenemase and sensitivity to AMP will improve the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy and will help to curb the formation and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Hassan ◽  
Baha Abdalhamid
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis). In addition, different methods for detection of these enzymes, including the newly introduced CHROMagar ESBL, were evaluated. Methodology: A total of 382 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were obtained from King Fahad Specialist Hospital – Dammam, during 2011 and screened for production of ESBL using advanced expert system of Vitek 2, CHROMagar and ESBL-E-strips. PCR assay was used to detect blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics was determined. Results: The overall proportion of ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates was 30.6%, which was higher in E. coli (35.8%) than in K. pneumoniae (25.7%). ESBL genotypes showed remarkable increase in the CTX-M (97.4%) compared to SHV (23.1%). The predominant ESBL was CTX-M- 15 (92.1 %). No TEM ESBL was detected in this study. The Vitek2 showed the highest sensitivity (100%), and the CHROMagar had the lowest specificity (97.3%) compared to the molecular method. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusions: This study confirms a high level of blaCTX-M positive ESBL isolates are circulating in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The trend of a multidrug-resistant profile associated with the recovery of the blaCTX-M gene is alarming.

scholarly journals Nosocomial spread of cephem-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying multiple Toho-1-like beta-lactamase genes.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2606-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yagi ◽  
H Kurokawa ◽  
K Senda ◽  
S Ichiyama ◽  
H Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Similar Genetic Background ◽  
Different Origins

Escherichia coli HKY56, which demonstrated resistance to various beta-lactams except carbapenems, was isolated from the throat swab of an inpatient in 1994. Conjugal transfer of cephem resistance from HKY56 to E. coli CSH2 was not successful. Three cefotaxime-resistant E. coli clones harboring plasmid pMRE001, pMRE002, or pMRE003, each of which carried a 3.4-, 5.8-, or 6.2-kb EcoRI fragment insert, respectively, were obtained from HKY56. Although restriction analysis suggested their different origins, these clones showed similar profiles of resistance to various beta-lactams. The sequence of 10 amino acid residues at the N terminus of beta-lactamase purified from E. coli HB101(pMRE001) was identical to that of Toho-1. This Toho-1-like beta-lactamase-1 (TLB-1) was able to hydrolyze cefoperazone and cefotaxime efficiently, but it failed to hydrolyze cephamycins. A Toho-1-specific DNA probe was hybridized with three distinct EcoRI fragments derived from the chromosomal DNA of strain HKY56, and these fragments corresponded to DNA inserts carried by pMRE001, pMRE002, and pMRE003, respectively. PCR and Southern hybridization analysis suggested that all six cephem-resistant E. coli strains, strains HKY273, HKY285, HKY288, HKY305, HKY316, and HKY335, which were isolated in 1996 at the same hospital where strain HKY56 had been isolated, also possessed multiple Toho-1-like beta-lactamase (TLB) genes, and the hybridization patterns obtained with the Toho-1-specific probe were quite similar among these six isolates. The DNA fingerprinting patterns observed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that among the E. coli isolates tested, all isolates except HKY56 possessed a similar genetic background. These findings suggested that E. coli strains that carry chromosomally multiplied TLB genes may have been proliferating and transmitted among patients in the same hospital.

Occurrence of beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy and diarrhoeic dogs in Andhra Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mohammad Sharif ◽  
B. Sreedevi ◽  
R. K. Chaitanya ◽  
Ch. Srilatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Group 2

The present study was carried out to characterize beta-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy and diarrhoeic dogs. A total of 93 E. coli were isolated from the rectal swabs of 136 dogs (60/92 of healthy dogs and 33/44 of diarrhoeic dogs). Predominant serotypes detected include rough (19 isolates), O141 (5), O9 (2), O126 (2), O128 (2), O15, O20, O35, O49, O63, O85, O101, O116, O117, O118, O119 (1 isolate each) and the rest of 52 isolates were untypable (UT). Disc diffusion method revealed resistance to cefotaxime (41.9%), ceftriaxone (34.4%), ceftazidime (30.1%) and aztreonam (18.2%). Overall frequency of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was found to be 29% (27/93). Beta-lactamase genes detected include blaAmpC (86.0%), blaSHV (30.1%), blaCTX-M group-1 (19.3%), blaTEM (17.2%), blaOXA (13.9%) and blaCTX-M group-2 (7.5%). The study revealed resistance to commonly prescribed beta-lactams, with ESBL phenotype in E. coli of canine origin in Andhra Pradesh, India.

scholarly journals A Multicenter Study of Beta-Lactamase ResistantEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeReveals High Level Chromosome Mediated Extended SpectrumβLactamase Resistance in Ogun State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasoge A. Adeyankinnu ◽  
Babatunde O. Motayo ◽  
Akinniyi Akinduti ◽  
John Akinbo ◽  
Joseph I. Ogiogwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
High Level

As a result of the ever increasing problem of multiresistant bacteria, we instituted a surveillance program with the aim of identifying the basic molecular properties of ESBL in our environment. About 197 isolates ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaewere selected and tested for ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility. Plasmid profiles were determined and curing ability was tested. ESBL prevalence was 26.4% for all isolates tested, withE. colihaving a greater proportion. There was absolute resistance to ampicilin, tetracycline, and co-trimaxole among tested isolates. There was above average susceptibility to the 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Plasmid profiles of tested isolates ranged from 9 kbp to 26 kbp with average of14.99±2.3 kbp forE. coliand20.98±1.8 kbpK. pneumoniae, 9.6% of ESBL positiveE. coliplasmids were cured, while 3.9% ofK. pneumoniaeplasmids were cured after treatment. The present study shows an upsurge in ESBL acquisition by gram negative bacteria and evidence of cocirculation of varying subtypes of ESBL with both plasmid transmissible and chromosome encoded subtypes. This calls for universal surveillance and more effort towards molecular epidemiology of this public health treatment.

scholarly journals AmpN-AmpG Operon Is Essential for Expression of L1 and L2 β-Lactamases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2583-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Huang ◽  
Cheng-Wen Lin ◽  
Rouh-Mei Hu ◽  
Yu-Tzu Lin ◽  
Tung-Ching Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Murein Sacculus ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
L1 And L2

ABSTRACT AmpG is an inner membrane permease which transports products of murein sacculus degradation from the periplasm into the cytosol in Gram-negative bacteria. This process is linked to induction of the chromosomal ampC beta-lactamase gene in some members of the Enterobacteriaceae and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the ampG homologue of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ was analyzed. The ampG homologue and its upstream ampN gene form an operon and are cotranscribed under the control of the promoter P ampN. Expression from P ampN was found to be independent of β-lactam exposure and ampN and ampG products. A ΔampN allele exerted a polar effect on the expression of ampG and resulted in a phenotype of null β-lactamase inducibility. Complementation assays elucidated that an intact ampN-ampG operon is essential for β-lactamase induction. Consistent with ampG of Escherichia coli, the ampN-ampG operon of S. maltophilia did not exhibit a gene dosage effect on β-lactamase expression. The AmpG permease of E. coli could complement the β-lactamase inducibility of ampN or ampG mutants of S. maltophilia, indicating that both species have the same precursor of activator ligand(s) for β-lactamase induction.

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