scholarly journals Identification of an Efflux Pump Gene,pmrA, Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Gill ◽  
Nigel P. Brenwald ◽  
Richard Wise
Keyword(s):  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Transmembrane Segment ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Resistant Pneumococcus

ABSTRACT An open reading frame (ORF) homologous to norA was insertionally inactivated with cat in a fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococcus with an efflux phenotype; this inactivation caused reversion to drug sensitivity. The ORF product has 24% amino acid sequence identity each to NorA and Bmr, which suggests that it is a major facilitator system pump of the 12-transmembrane-segment class.

scholarly journals SatR Is a Repressor of Fluoroquinolone Efflux Pump SatAB

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 3430-3433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Escudero ◽  
Alvaro San Millan ◽  
Natalia Montero ◽  
Belen Gutierrez ◽  
Cristina Martinez Ovejero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporter ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACTStreptococcus suisis an emerging zoonotic agent responsible for high-mortality outbreaks among the human population in China. In this species, the ABC transporter SatAB mediates fluoroquinolone resistance when overexpressed. Here, we describe and characterizesatR, an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a MarR superfamily regulator that acts as a repressor ofsatAB. satRis cotranscribed withsatAB, and its interruption entails the overexpression of the pump, leading to a clinically relevant increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of a Sulfonate/α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (18) ◽  
pp. 5876-5879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Hogan ◽  
Thomas A. Auchtung ◽  
Robert P. Hausinger
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Yeast Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase

ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frame YLL057c is predicted to encode a gene product with 31.5% amino acid sequence identity to Escherichia coli taurine/α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase and 27% identity to Ralstonia eutropha TfdA, a herbicide-degrading enzyme. Purified recombinant yeast protein is shown to be an Fe(II)-dependent sulfonate/α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase. Although taurine is a poor substrate, a variety of other sulfonates are utilized, with the best natural substrates being isethionate and taurocholate. Disruption of the gene encoding this enzyme negatively affects the use of isethionate and taurine as sulfur sources byS. cerevisiae, providing strong evidence that YLL057c plays a role in sulfonate catabolism.

scholarly journals Efflux Pump Lde Is Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 704-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Godreuil ◽  
Marc Galimand ◽  
Guy Gerbaud ◽  
Christine Jacquet ◽  
Patrice Courvalin
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Transmembrane Segment ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Insertional Inactivation ◽  
Major Facilitator

ABSTRACT Five Listeria monocytogenes isolates (CLIP 21369, CLIP 73298, CLIP 74811, CLIP 75679, and CLIP 79372) were found to be resistant to fluoroquinolones during the screening for antibiotic resistance of 488 L. monocytogenes isolates from human cases of listeriosis in France. On the basis of a fourfold or greater decrease in the ciprofloxacin MIC in the presence of reserpine, fluoroquinolone resistance was attributed to active efflux of the drugs. The lde gene (Listeria drug efflux; formerly lmo2741) encodes a 12-transmembrane-segment putative efflux pump belonging to the major facilitator superfamily of secondary transporters that displayed 44% identity with PmrA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Insertional inactivation of the lde gene in CLIP 21369 indicated that the corresponding protein was responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance and was involved in the level of susceptibility to dyes such as ethidium bromide and acridine orange.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships among sandfly fever group viruses (Phlebovirus: Bunyaviridae) based on the small genome segment

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 2312-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangling Xu ◽  
Hongli Chen ◽  
Amelia P. A. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Robert B. Tesh ◽  
Shu-Yuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genome Segment ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Small Genome ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Nucleoprotein N ◽  
Antigenic Relationships

The phleboviruses are more diverse in terms of arthropod vectors and antigenic relationships than most other genera of arthropod-borne viruses. In this study, 30 sandfly fever group viruses from the Naples, Sicilian, Punta Toro, Icoaraci and Frijoles serocomplexes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the sequence of the open reading frame for the nucleoprotein (N) and non-structural (NSs) protein genes of the small (S) segment. The five resultant genotypic lineages correlated with the serological grouping and were similar to analysis of M segment sequences. The sequence identity for N and NSs genes within the Sicilian, Naples, Punta Toro, Icoaraci and Frijoles serocomplexes was determined. The results indicated that genetic divergence for the S segment is lower than that for the M segment, suggesting that the S segment is more stable during evolution.

scholarly journals YojI of Escherichia coli Functions as a Microcin J25 Efflux Pump

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (10) ◽  
pp. 3465-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica A. Delgado ◽  
Paula A. Vincent ◽  
Ricardo N. Farías ◽  
Raúl A. Salomón
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Peptide Antibiotic ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Multicopy Vector ◽  
Microcin J25 ◽  
Sequence Similarities

ABSTRACT In the present study, we showed that yojI, an Escherichia coli open reading frame with an unknown function, mediates resistance to the peptide antibiotic microcin J25 when it is expressed from a multicopy vector. Disruption of the single chromosomal copy of yojI increased sensitivity of cells to microcin J25. The YojI protein was previously assumed to be an ATP-binding-cassette-type exporter on the basis of sequence similarities. We demonstrate that YojI is capable of pumping out microcin molecules. Thus, one obvious explanation for the protective effect against microcin J25 is that YojI action keeps the intracellular concentration of the peptide below a toxic level. The outer membrane protein TolC in addition to YojI is required for export of microcin J25 out of the cell. Microcin J25 is thus the first known substrate for YojI.

scholarly journals A Newly Discovered Bacteroides Conjugative Transposon, CTnGERM1, Contains Genes Also Found in Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4595-4603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Wang ◽  
Gui-Rong Wang ◽  
Aikiesha Shelby ◽  
Nadja B. Shoemaker ◽  
Abigail A. Salyers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Conjugative Transposon ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Predominant Type

ABSTRACT Results of a recent study of antibiotic resistance genes in human colonic Bacteroides strains suggested that gene transfer events between members of this genus are fairly common. The identification of Bacteroides isolates that carried an erythromycin resistance gene, ermG, whose DNA sequence was 99% identical to that of an ermG gene found previously only in gram-positive bacteria raised the further possibility that conjugal elements were moving into Bacteroides species from other genera. Six of seven ermG-containing Bacteroides strains tested were able to transfer ermG by conjugation. One of these strains was chosen for further investigation. Results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the conjugal element carrying ermG in this strain is an integrated element about 75 kb in size. Thus, the element appears to be a conjugative transposon (CTn) and was designated CTnGERM1. CTnGERM1 proved to be unrelated to the predominant type of CTn found in Bacteroides isolates—CTns of the CTnERL/CTnDOT family—which sometimes carry another type of erm gene, ermF. A 19-kbp segment of DNA from CTnGERM1 was cloned and sequenced. A 10-kbp portion of this segment hybridized not only to DNA from all the ermG-containing strains but also to DNA from strains that did not carry ermG. Thus, CTnGERM1 seems to be part of a family of CTns, some of which have acquired ermG. The percentage of G+C content of the ermG region was significantly lower than that of the chromosome of Bacteroides species—an indication that CTnGERM1 may have entered Bacteroides strains from some other bacterial genus. A survey of strains isolated before 1970 and after 1990 suggests that the CTnGERM1 type of CTn entered Bacteroides species relatively recently. One of the genes located upstream of ermG encoded a protein that had 85% amino acid sequence identity with a macrolide efflux pump, MefA, from Streptococcus pyogenes. Our having found >90% sequence identity of two upstream genes, including mefA, and the remnants of two transposon-carried genes downstream of ermG with genes found previously only in gram-positive bacteria raises the possibility that gram-positive bacteria could have been the origin of CTnGERM1.

scholarly journals Glutathione S-transferase class Kappa: characterization by the cloning of rat mitochondrial GST and identification of a human homologue

1996 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally E PEMBLE ◽  
Anthony F WARDLE ◽  
John B TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Methionine Residue ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Related Proteins

We have isolated a cDNA clone that encodes rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunit 13, a GST originally isolated from rat liver mitochondrial matrix by Harris, Meyer, Coles and Ketterer [(1991) Biochem. J. 278, 137–141]. The 896 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame of 678 bp encoding a deduced protein sequence of which the first 33 residues (excluding the initiation methionine residue) correspond to the N-terminal sequence reported by Harris et al. Hence like many other nuclear-encoded, mitochondrially located proteins, there is no cleavable mitochondrial presequence at the N-terminus. GST subunit 13 was originally placed into the Theta class of GSTs on the basis of sequence identity at the N-terminus; however, this is the only identity with the Theta class and in fact GST subunit 13 shows little sequence similarity to any of the known GST classes. Most importantly it lacks the SNAIL/TRAIL motif that has so far been a characteristic of soluble GSTs, although it does possess a second motif (FGXXXXVXXVDGXXXXXF) reported for GST-related proteins (Koonin, Mushegian, Tatusov, Altschul, Bryant, Bork and Valencia [(1994) Protein Sci. 3, 2045–2054]. Southern and Northern blot analyses of rat DNA and mRNA are consistent with GST subunit 13's being the product of a single hybridizing gene locus. Searches of EST databases identified numerous similar human DNA sequences and a single pig sequence. We have derived a human cDNA sequence from these EST sequences which shows a high nucleotide similarity (77%) to rat GST subunit 13. The largest open reading frame is identical in length with subunit 13 and yields a deduced protein sequence identity of 70%. Most unusually the 3´ non-coding nucleotide sequence identity is also 77%. We conclude that these cDNAs belong to a novel GST class hereby designated Kappa, with the rat GST subunit 13 gene designated rGSTK1 and the human gene being called hGSTK1.

scholarly journals Identification of a Divergent Isolate of Ryegrass Mosaic Virus in Ohio Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Hodge ◽  
P. A. Paul ◽  
L. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Identity ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Virus Sequence

ABSTRACT A divergent isolate of ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV) has been identified that is associated with wheat samples collected in Ohio. The complete genome of the virus is 9,570 nucleotides, with a polyprotein open reading frame that shares 77.2% nucleotide sequence identity with the reference ryegrass mosaic virus sequence.

scholarly journals A Tripartite Efflux Pump Involved in Gastrointestinal Colonization by Klebsiella pneumoniae Confers a Tolerance Response to Inorganic Acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 4633-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Coudeyras ◽  
Laurence Nakusi ◽  
Nicolas Charbonnel ◽  
Christiane Forestier
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Inorganic Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Tolerance Response

ABSTRACT The colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of patients by the opportunistic gram-negative bacillus Klebsiella pneumoniae generally occurs prior to the development of nosocomial infections. Mutant strain C-81 was isolated owing to its reduced capacity to colonize the digestive tract in a murine model following transposon mutagenesis (N. Maroncle, D. Balestrino, C. Rich, and C. Forestier, Infect. Immun. 70:4729-4734, 2002). Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the transposon had inserted into the first open reading frame, eefA, of a three-gene locus (eefABC) whose homologue encodes a tripartite efflux pump in Enterobacter aerogenes (M. Masi, J. M. Pages, C. Villard, and E. Pradel, J. Bacteriol. 187:3894-3897, 2005), and this operon includes an additional short (183-bp) potential open reading frame, eefX, upstream of eefA. In vivo assays showed that a ΔeefA isogenic mutant strain normally colonized the gastrointestinal tract in single-strain tests but was significantly impaired in competition against wild-type strain LM21. Although the cecum was the compartment with the highest number of CFU, the ΔeefA mutant also was detected in the stomach in numbers smaller than those of the wild-type strain. The expression of this potential efflux pump could not be linked to any antimicrobial drug resistance phenotype, but it conferred on the bacteria an acid tolerance response to inorganic acid. The expression of the eef promoter region, measured via a lacZ reporter construction, was slightly induced by an acidic environment and also by hyperosmolarity but not by the presence of bile salts. These results suggest that an efflux pump can confer measurable ecological benefits on K. pneumoniae in an environment with high competition potential.

scholarly journals Correlation of Rhs elements with Escherichia coli population structure.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
C W Hill ◽  
G Feulner ◽  
M S Brody ◽  
S Zhao ◽  
A B Sadosky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Recent Variation ◽  
Fourth Member

Abstract The Rhs family of composite genetic elements was assessed for variation among independent Escherichia coli strains of the ECOR reference collection. The location and content of the RhsA-B-C-F subfamily correlates highly with the clonal structure of the ECOR collection. This correlation exists at several levels: the presence of Rhs core homology in the strain, the location of the Rhs elements present, and the identity of the Rhs core-extensions associated with each element. A provocative finding was that an identical 1518-bp segment, covering core-extension-b1 and its associated downstream open reading frame, is present in two distinct clonal groups, but in association with different Rhs elements. The sequence identity of this segment when contrasted with the divergence of other chromosomal segments suggests that shuffling of Rhs core extensions has been a relatively recent variation. Nevertheless the copies of core-extension-b1 were placed within the respective Rhs elements before the emergence of the clonal groups. In the course of this analysis, two new Rhs elements absent from E. coli K-12 were discovered: RhsF, a fourth member of the RhsA-B-C-F subfamily, and RhsG, the prototype of a third Rhs subfamily.

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