scholarly journals Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli and Persistence in the Infantile Colonic Microbiota

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Karami ◽  
Forough Nowrouzian ◽  
Ingegerd Adlerberth ◽  
Agnes E. Wold
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Population Counts

ABSTRACT The ecological impact of antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure has been poorly studied. We assessed the carriage of tetracycline resistance genes, persistence in the microbiota, fecal population counts and virulence factor genes in 309 commensal, intestinal Escherichia coli strains obtained from 128 Swedish infants followed during the first year of life with regular quantitative fecal cultures. No infant was given tetracycline, but 25% received other antibiotics. Tetracycline resistance was identified in 12% of strains, all of which carried either tet(A) (49%) or tet(B) (51%) genes. Resistance to other antibiotics occurred in 50% of tet(A)-positive strains, 42% of tet(B)-positive strains and 13% of tetracycline-sensitive strains. However, colonization with tetracycline-resistant strains was unrelated to treatment with antibiotics. Strains that were tet(B)- or tet(A)-positive carried the genes for P fimbriae and aerobactin, respectively, more often than susceptible strains. Tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains were equally likely to persist among the intestinal microbiota for ≥3 weeks and had similar population numbers. However, when a resistant strain and a susceptible strain colonized a child simultaneously, the resistant variety showed lower counts (P = 0.03). In cases of long-term colonization by initially tetracycline-resistant E. coli strains, loss of tet genes occurred in 3 of 13 cases with variable effects on population counts. The results indicate that there is limited pressure against the carriage of tet genes in the infantile gut microbiota even in the absence of antibiotics. Resistant strains may possess colonization factors that balance the cost of producing resistance elements.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Tetracycline Resistance Genes among Escherichia coli Isolates from the Phase 3 Clinical Trials for Tigecycline

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 3205-3211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Tuckman ◽  
Peter J. Petersen ◽  
Anita Y. M. Howe ◽  
Mark Orlowski ◽  
Stanley Mullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
A Current ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum

ABSTRACT Tigecycline, a member of the glycylcycline class of antibiotics, was designed to maintain the antibacterial spectrum of the tetracyclines while overcoming the classic mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. The current study was designed to monitor the prevalence of the tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(M) resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates collected during the worldwide tigecycline phase 3 clinical trials. A subset of strains were also screened for the tet(G), tet(K), tet(L), and tet(Y) genes. Of the 1,680 E. coli clinical isolates screened for resistance to classical tetracyclines, 405 (24%) were minocycline resistant (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml) and 248 (15%) were tetracycline resistant (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml) but susceptible to minocycline (MIC ≤ 4 μg/ml). A total of 452 tetracycline-resistant, nonduplicate isolates were positive by PCR for at least one of the six tetracycline resistance determinants examined. Over half of the isolates encoding a single determinant were positive for tet(A) (26%) or tet(B) (32%) with tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(M), collectively, found in 4% of isolates. Approximately 33% of the isolates were positive for more than one resistance determinant, with the tet(B) plus tet(E) combination the most highly represented, found in 11% of isolates. The susceptibilities of the tetracycline-resistant strains to tigecycline (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), regardless of the encoded tet determinant(s), were comparable to the tigecycline susceptibility of tetracycline-susceptible strains (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml). The results provide a current (2002 to 2006) picture of the distribution of common tetracycline resistance determinants encoded in a globally sourced collection of clinical E. coli strains.

EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA AMONG INFANTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ISOLATION OF A NEW SEROTYPE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI: E. COLI 0127:B8

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Merlin L. Cooper ◽  
Edward W. Walters ◽  
Helen M. Keller ◽  
James M. Sutherland ◽  
Hollis J. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
First Year Of Life

During an outbreak of epidemic diarrhea a new serotype of Escherichia coli: E. coli 0127:B8, was isolated from 44 of 145 infants and from 1 nurse among 82 adult personnel in attendance. Among the 44 infants whose rectal swab cultures were positive, 20 were in the first month of life, 16 were 2 to 6 months of age, and 6 were 7 to 12 months of age, a total of 42 being in the first year of life. Severe epidemic diarrhea associated with the presence of E. coli 0127:B8 was characterized by the sudden development of extreme abdominal distention among some of the infants; explosive onset of diarrhea and the presence of a pungent, musty, objectionable odor not noticed around other patients with diarrhea. E. coli 0127: B8 was isolated more frequently while the patients were having diarrhea. Neomycin® was used orally for the specific treatment of patients with diarrhea. The early dosage was small due to our caution in using a new antibiotic. Over the 4 months period of this study the dosage was gradually increased. The average dose was 40 mg./kg./day for the patients with positive cultures and 46 mg./kg./day for those with negative cultures. Of 22 patients with positive cultures, 12 who were treated with Neomycin® alone or in addition to other antibiotics continued to show the presence of E. coli 0127:B8 after Neomycin® therapy had been terminated; however, only 2 of these patients had recurrence of diarrhea, both having had negative cultures while receiving Neomycin®. The administration of Neomycin® to every infant on the 2 wards, regardless of clinical condition, was followed by a decreasing incidence of diarrhea and decreasing detection of E. coli 0127:B8. The dose of Neomycin® was 40 to 50 mg./kg./day. It is our feeling that Neomycin® administered orally was of definite clinical value therapeutically and prophylactically but in the dosage used was inadequate bacteriologically. Four deaths occurred among the 44 infants whose rectal swab cultures were positive for E. coli 0127:B8 and necropsy studies were made on each. A hemorrhagic enteritis was present in 3 infants and in the fourth infant the cause of death was a congenital heart condition. Death of 1 patient with negative rectal swab cultures may very likely be attributed to severe diarrhea. Sera from patients and personnel failed to show the presence of agglutinins for E. coli 0127:B8. in vitro sensitivity tests showed that the order of decreasing bactericidal effectiveness of 5 antibiotics for E. coli 027:B8 was polymyxin, Neomycin®, chloramphenicol, Achromycin®, and Terramycin®. All strains were resistant to dihydrostreptomycin and sodium sulfadiazine. Only the last strains isolated from 2 patients showed increased resistance to Neomycin®, four-and sixteenfold when compared with the first strains isolated from the same patients.

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urban and agricultural streams in Canterbury, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Van Hamelsveld ◽  
Muyiwa E Adewale ◽  
Brigitta Kurenbach ◽  
William Godsoe ◽  
Jon S Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Population Counts

Abstract Baseline studies are needed to identify environmental reservoirs of non-pathogenic but associating microbiota or pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and to inform safe use of freshwater ecosystems in urban and agricultural settings. Mesophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli were quantified and isolated from water and sediments of two rivers, one in an urban and one in an agricultural area near Christchurch, New Zealand. Resistance of E. coli to one or more of nine different antibiotics was determined. Additionally, selected strains were tested for conjugative transfer of resistances. Despite having similar concentrations of mesophilic bacteria and E. coli, the rivers differed in numbers of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Fully antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains coexist in the two freshwater ecosystems. This study was the first phase of antibiotic resistance profiling in an urban setting and an intensifying dairy agroecosystem. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli may pose different ingestion and contact risks than do susceptible E. coli. This difference cannot be seen in population counts alone. This is an important finding for human health assessments of freshwater systems, particularly where recreational uses occur downstream.

scholarly journals 4444 The effect of early life antibiotics on gut microbiome and fecal bile acid concentrations in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
Alain Jesus Benitez ◽  
Jeffrey S. Gerber ◽  
Ceylan Tanes ◽  
Kyle Bittinger ◽  
Elliot S. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Fecal Bile Acid ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The current proposal seeks to investigate the effect of early life antibiotic use in the development of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. We propose that infants exposed to antibiotics will present with gut microbial dysbiosis, changes in fecal bile acid concentrations and develop more GI symptoms compared to unexposed children. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed fecal samples from 174 subjects at 12 months of age, of whom 52 were exposed to antibiotics in their first year of life. Of these, 33 subjects were sampled again at 24 months of age. DNA from 200mg of frozen stool (−80C) was isolated with the Qiagen DNeasy PowerSoil kit. Shotgun libraries were generated using the NexteraXT kit and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 using 2x125 bp chemistry. Sequence data were analyzed using the Sunbeam metagenomics pipeline. The abundance of bacteria was estimated using Kraken version 2.0.8. Fecal bile acids will be quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Overall bacterial community composition at 12 or 24 months was not associated with antibiotic exposure (PERMANOVA test, Bray-Curtis distance). An increase in Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli, is a signature of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, but also of early infant gut. Children with antibiotic exposure had slightly higher abundance of Escherichia coli compared to those with no exposure (p = 0.03). At 24 months, the abundance of Bacteroides caccae, a commensal gut species, was decreased for children exposed to antibiotics in the first year of life (fdr = 0.02). We will perform further analysis of bile acid modifying bacteria, fecal bile acid concentrations and correlate to GI symptoms. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our findings suggest a significant but nuanced impact of early life antibiotic use on the composition of the gut microbiota. The association of antibiotic exposure with B. caccae and E. coli warrant further attention in the context of the rapidly developing early-life microbiome. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this work.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Beef Cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
pp. 5560-5566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Won Shin ◽  
Min Kyoung Shin ◽  
Myunghwan Jung ◽  
Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe ◽  
Han Sang Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and transferability of resistance in tetracycline-resistantEscherichia coliisolates recovered from beef cattle in South Korea. A total of 155E. coliisolates were collected from feces in South Korea, and 146 were confirmed to be resistant to tetracycline. The tetracycline resistance genetet(A) (46.5%) was the most prevalent, followed bytet(B) (45.1%) andtet(C) (5.8%). Strains carryingtet(A) plustet(B) andtet(B) plustet(C) were detected in two isolates each. In terms of phylogenetic grouping, 101 (65.2%) isolates were classified as phylogenetic group B1, followed in decreasing order by D (17.4%), A (14.2%), and B2 (3.2%). Ninety-one (62.3%) isolates were determined to be multidrug resistant by the disk diffusion method. MIC testing using the principal tetracyclines, namely, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, revealed that isolates carryingtet(B) had higher MIC values than isolates carryingtet(A). Conjugation assays showed that 121 (82.9%) isolates could transfer a tetracycline resistance gene to a recipient via the IncFIB replicon (65.1%). This study suggests that the high prevalence of tetracycline-resistantE. coliisolates in beef cattle is due to the transferability of tetracycline resistance genes betweenE. colipopulations which have survived the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents.

The Cost of Prematurity: Hospital Charges at Birth and Frequency of Rehospitalizations and Acute Care Visits over the First Year of Life

2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Cuevas ◽  
Debra R. Silver ◽  
Dorothy Brooten ◽  
JoAnne M. Youngblut ◽  
Charles M. Bobo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Cost

Administration of the Probiotic Escherichia coli Strain A0 34/86 Resulted in a Stable Colonization of the Human Intestine During the First Year of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Micenková ◽  
Juraj Bosák ◽  
Stanislav Smatana ◽  
Adam Novotný ◽  
Eva Budinská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
First Year ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Presence of the tet(O) Gene in Erythromycin- and Tetracycline-Resistant Strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and Linkage with either the mef(A) or the erm(A) Gene

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2844-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Giovanetti ◽  
Andrea Brenciani ◽  
Remo Lupidi ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts ◽  
Pietro E. Varaldo
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Sixty-three recent Italian clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to both erythromycin (MICs ≥ 1 μg/ml) and tetracycline (MICs ≥ 8 μg/ml) were genotyped for macrolide and tetracycline resistance genes. We found 19 isolates carrying the mef(A) and the tet(O) genes; 25 isolates carrying the erm(A) and tet(O) genes; and 2 isolates carrying the erm(A), tet(M), and tet(O) genes. The resistance of all erm(A)-containing isolates was inducible, but the isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of erythromycin MICs of either >128 or 1 to 4 μg/ml. The remaining 17 isolates included 15 isolates carrying the erm(B) gene and 2 isolates carrying both the erm(B) and the mef(A) genes, with all 17 carrying the tet(M) gene. Of these, 12 carried Tn916-Tn1545-like conjugative transposons. Conjugal transfer experiments demonstrated that the tet(O) gene moved with and without the erm(A) gene and with the mef(A) gene. These studies, together with the results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis experiments and hybridization assays with DNA probes specific for the tet(O), erm(A), and mef(A) genes, suggested a linkage of tet(O) with either erm(A) or mef(A) in erythromycin- and tetracycline-resistant S. pyogenes isolates. By amplification and sequencing experiments, we detected the tet(O) gene ca. 5.5 kb upstream from the mef(A) gene. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of the tet(O) gene in S. pyogenes and showing that it may be linked with another gene and can be moved by conjugation from one chromosome to another.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant staphylococci acquired during the first year of life

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Burr ◽  
C. H. L. Howells ◽  
P. W. J. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
First Year Of Life

SUMMARYNasal swabs were taken from 492 babies born consecutively to residents of two South Wales towns soon after their discharge from maternity hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 352 babies (72%) and in 79 (22%) of these it was resistant to at least one antibiotic. By the time these babies were a year old the prevalence of both sensitive and resistant strains had fallen, so that only 12% still carried nasal staphylococci, but 64% of these organisms were then resistant to penicillin. Administration of penicillin to the baby seemed to be a more important factor in selecting resistant organisms than other antibiotics given to the baby, any antibiotic treatment to other members of the household, or discharge from hospital.

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