scholarly journals Multicenter Antimicrobial Susceptibility Survey of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Community-Acquired Infections in the People's Republic of China

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. W. Ling ◽  
Jianhui Xiong ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
Ching Ching Lee ◽  
Huifen Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT A survey of 2,099 gram-negative bacilli from community infections at seven centers in the People's Republic of China is reported. The rates of resistance of 1,615 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae were as follows: 40.8% for ciprofloxacin, 32.2% for gentamicin, 0% for imipenem or ertapenem, and 14.7% for cefotaxime. The rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production were 16% for Escherichia coli and 17% for Klebsiella.

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Retail Foods in Shaanxi Province, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEILI XI ◽  
QIAN WU ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
BAOWEI YANG ◽  
XIAODONG XIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli strains have been reported worldwide; however, the incidence and characterization of foodborne ESBL-producing E. coli strains have been rarely reported in the People's Republic of China. Among a collection of 659 E. coli isolates recovered from retail foods in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 223 cefoxitin-resistant and/or cefoperazone-resistant isolates were screened for ESBL production with the double disk diffusion test. The ESBL-producing isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Isolates with blaCTX-M were further classified by PCR as having blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-9, or blaCTX-M-25. One hundred forty-seven isolates were identified as ESBL positive. PCR detection revealed that 146 isolates (99.3%) contained the blaCTX-M gene. Among these isolates, 42 (28.8%) were positive for the enzyme CTX-M-1, 5 (3.4%) for CTX-M-2, and 99 (67.8%) for CTX-M-9. No CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-25 were found in this study. One hundred fifteen isolates (78.2%) were positive for the blaTEM gene, but blaSHV was not detected. Among the 147 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 75 (51.0%), 35 (23.8%), and 4 (2.7%) isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M-9, blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM and blaCTX-M-2, respectively. All of the 147 ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to three or more non–β-lactam antibiotics. This study provides evidence that foodborne E. coli can harbor ESBL-encoding genes. Thus, food could be a vehicle for the dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli strains, a situation that requires surveillance and appropriate management strategies.

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Septicemic Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Tania Rahman ◽  
Momtaz Begum ◽  
Sharmeen Sultana ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: In recent years, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing microorganisms have complicated treatment of infections due to resistance of ESBL producing strains to a wide range of antimicrobials. Objective: Target of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing gramnegative bacteria in neonatal sepsis cases and to reveal the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of those isolated ESBL producers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) over a period of 12 months from January to December in 2016. Following isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from blood samples of suspected septicemic neonates, antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method and ESBL producers were detected by Double Disk Synergy (DDS) test. Results: Among 52 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 106 blood samples, 34.61% ESBL producers were detected and Enterobacter spp. (45%) was predominant followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%). None of the ESBL producers was resistant to colistin and tigecycline. All ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii, 77.78% and 66.67% of ESBL producing Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella spp. respectively showed resistance to meropenem. All ESBL producers were resistant to piperacillintazobactam. Conclusion: Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the spread of ESBL producing strains by combining strategies for infection prevention, control and rational use of antibiotics. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-4, January 2021, Page 171-175

scholarly journals Occurrence of Escherichia coli in captive psittaciformes: antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Louise Calaça ◽  
Renato Clini Cervi ◽  
Silvânia Andrade Reis ◽  
Iolanda Aparecida Nunes ◽  
Valéria de Sá Jayme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

Abstract Captive Psittaciformes may harbor Gram-negative bacteria in their digestive tract, mainly due to poor hygienic conditions and confinement. The present study was carried out with the objective of isolating and identifying Escherichia coli in samples collected from Psittaciformes cages in 50 commercial establishments in the metropolitan region of Goiania, with subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of virulence genes. A total of 141 samples of excreta and swab samples from feeders and water bowls were collected, totaling 423 samples. Escherichia coli was isolated from 9.7% (41/423) samples: 12% (17/141) in excreta, 8.5% (12/141) in feed, and 8.5% (12 /141) in waterers. To determine the susceptibility profile of E. coli isolates, resistance to ciprofloxacin 4.9% (2/41), gentamicin 17.0% (7/41), doxycycline 34.1% (14/41), florfenicol 34.1% (14/41), trimethoprim 39.0% (16/41), tetracycline 41.5% (17/41), enrofloxacin 43.9% (18/41), amoxicillin 48.8% (20/41), neomycin 61.0% (25/41), and sulfonamide 90.2% (37/41) was determined. In 20 isolates, resistance was determined at 4 or more antimicrobials, seven of excreta (7/17), five of feed (5/12), and eight of waterers (8/12). One of the isolates from the waterers showed resistance to all antimicrobials. The iss gene was detected in three isolates, the tsh gene in three, the papC gene in two, traT and eae genes were not detected. In this study, it can be concluded that Psittaciformes commercialized as pet are carry E. coli isolates resistant to most commonly used antimicrobials, mainly sulfonamides and neomycin, besides having virulence and serum resistance genes, which highlights the possibility of the to cause disease in humans.

scholarly journals Three Cefotaximases, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People's Republic of China

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroonwadee Chanawong ◽  
Fatima Hannachi M'Zali ◽  
John Heritage ◽  
Jian-Hui Xiong ◽  
Peter Michael Hawkey
Keyword(s):  
Upstream Region ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT Of 15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from the First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, in the southern part of the People's Republic of China, 9 were found to produce CTX-M ESBLs, 3 produced SHV-12, and 3 produced both CTX-M and SHV-12. Eleven isolates produced either TEM-1B or SHV-11, in addition to an ESBL. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 12 isolates carrying bla CTX-M genes revealed that they harbored three different bla CTX-M genes, bla CTX-M-9 (5 isolates), bla CTX-M-13 (1 isolate), and bla CTX-M-14 (6 isolates). These genes have 98% nucleotide homology with bla Toho-2. The bla CTX-M genes were carried on plasmids that ranged in size from 35 to 150 kb. Plasmid fingerprints and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed the dissemination of the bla CTX-M genes through transfer of different antibiotic resistance plasmids to different bacteria, suggesting that these resistance determinants are highly mobile. Insertion sequence ISEcp1, found on the upstream region of these genes, may be involved in the translocation of the bla CTX-M genes. This is the first report of the occurrence of SHV-12 and CTX-M ESBLs in China. The presence of strains with these ESBLs shows both the evolution of bla CTX-M genes and their dissemination among at least three species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae, isolated within a single hospital. The predominance of CTX-M type enzymes seen in this area of China appears to be similar to that seen in South America but is different from those seen in Europe and North America, suggesting different evolutionary routes and selective pressures. A more comprehensive survey of the ESBL types from China is urgently needed.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Enterotoxin Gene Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Ready-to-Eat Foods in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAONAN XING ◽  
GUANGHUI LI ◽  
WEISONG ZHANG ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
XIAODONG XIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Cooked Meats

Various ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are becoming increasingly popular in the world and could be easily contaminated with various microorganisms including certain pathogens. A total of 342 RTE food samples, including 32 cooked meats, 123 vegetable salads, 26 boiled peanuts, 109 cold noodles, and 52 dried tofu samples, were collected in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, during the period of July to October 2012 and screened for Staphylococcus aureus. All S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility and PCR for detecting nine enterotoxin genes (sea to sej). Overall, 25.4% of samples were positive for S. aureus, including 10 (31.3%) cooked meats, 34 (27.6%) salad vegetables, 6 (23.1%) boiled peanuts, 20 (18.3%) cold noodles, and 17 (32.7%) dried tofu samples. Of the isolated S. aureus organisms, 98.4% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 58.6% to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance to erythromycin (78.1%) and tetracycline (40.6%) was most frequently detected, while all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and amikacin. Moreover, 55.5% of isolates were positive for one or more enterotoxin genes. The genes sed (25.8%) and sea (19.5%) were commonly detected among the isolates; seg, sei, and sej were not found. Our findings indicate that RTE foods in Shaanxi were contaminated with S. aureus isolates that harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple-drug resistance. Appropriated hygienic measures should be taken by producers, retailers, and consumers to reduce the risk posed by S. aureus in RTE foods.

Theoretical and practical study of the cefoxitin‐Escherichia coli PBP5 complex interaction by molecular dynamics to obtain computational prototype of antimicrobial susceptibility to Gram negative bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102
Author(s):  
Thaís Boulhosa Barros da Silva ◽  
Marta Chagas Monteiro ◽  
Rosivaldo dos Santos Borges ◽  
Tainá Guimarães Barros ◽  
Agnaldo da Silva Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Population Planning in the People's Republic of China: Prospects for the Future

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-844
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Population Planning ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
The Family ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Aggregate Population

This article describes present attitudes and future prospects of population planning in the People's Republic of China. New knowledge available since China has broadened its contacts with the rest of the world permits the drawing of a fairly detailed picture of the family planning program developed there over the past 18 years. Family planning is an integral part of a national health services system. Integrated with all administrative and production units and including virtually the entire population, this system makes extensive use of “barefoot doctors” selected from local communities as well as a large and growing corps of professional health personnel organized to serve effectively both the cities and the countryside. Family planning is achieved by social and medical methods of fertility control including late marriage, use of contraceptives, abortion, and sterilization. The analysis of reasonably reliable data on family planning in six city, suburban, and rural communes with a total aggregate population of 170,500 located in three parts of the country, shows some startling results. Late marriage has lowered the proportion of married women of child bearing age to 14 per cent. A surprising 68 per cent of these women are practicing birth control, and almost two-thirds (65 per cent) of these are protected definitively by sterilization. The third who are using reversible methods are further protected by the availability of abortion on demand. It may well be that about 35 per cent of all potentially fertile women in China are now practicing family planning. It seems probable that this effective mix of methods can be fairly rapidly extended to cover the whole nation and that it will make enough of a contribution to slowing population growth to have a significant effect on the ability of China to meet its economic and security objectives and to raise its standard of living.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of bacterial colonization at intensive care unit admission with emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and metallo-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria – an Indian experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Azim ◽  
Mayank Dwivedi ◽  
P. Bhaskar Rao ◽  
A. K. Baronia ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family

An important risk factor for nosocomial infection in an intensive care unit (ICU) is prior colonization. This study was undertaken to determine the spectrum of bacterial colonization and predisposing risk factors in patients being admitted to an ICU in India, with special emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Nasal, oral and rectal swab samples were collected and processed for isolation of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria and MBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Bacterial colonization (of one or more sites) on admission was detected in 51 out of 96 patients included in the study. Non-fermenters, i.e. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, were the most common colonizers, present in 37 patients, with simultaneous colonization in 12 patients. A total of 16 patients were colonized with MBL-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, out of which 11 isolates (from 5 patients) were also carrying ESBL-encoding genes. As for MBLs, most of our patients have shown colonization with ESBL-producing bacteria. On admission, 47 of 51 patients (92 %) have been colonized by ESBL-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, at one or more of the three anatomical sites. The most common MBL subtype was bla IMP (51.56 %), whereas bla CTX was the most common gene (84.9 %) identified among ESBL producers. Risk factors for colonization on admission to the ICU were hospitalization for more than 48 h, use of ≥3 groups of antibiotics, co-morbidities and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h prior to ICU admission. There is an increasing incidence of MBLs and ESBLs in the Indian population. The identified risk factors can be used as a guide for empiric antibiotic therapy targeted to these resistant bacteria.

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