scholarly journals Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Food and Food Products of Poultry Origin in Germany

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 7151-7157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Feßler ◽  
Kristina Kadlec ◽  
Melanie Hassel ◽  
Tomasz Hauschild ◽  
Christopher Eidam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

ABSTRACTDuring a survey of fresh chicken and turkey meat as well as chicken and turkey meat products for the presence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates in Germany, 32 (37.2%) of 86 samples were MRSA positive. Twenty-eight of these MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 398 (CC398), which is widespread among food-producing animals. These CC398 isolates carried SCCmecelements of type IV or V and exhibitedspatype t011, t034, t899, t2346 or t6574 and either the knowndrutypes dt2b, dt6j, dt10a, dt10q, dt11a, dt11v, and dt11ab or the noveldrutypes dt6m, dt10as, and dt10at. In addition, two MRSA sequence type 9 (ST9) isolates with a type IV SCCmeccassette,spatype t1430, anddrutype dt10a as well as single MRSA ST5 and ST1791 isolates with a type III SCCmeccassette,spatype t002, anddrutype dt9v were identified. All but two isolates were classified as multiresistant. A wide variety of resistance phenotypes and genotypes were detected. All isolates were negative for the major virulence factors, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, or exfoliative toxins. In contrast to the MRSA CC398 isolates, the four ST9, ST5, or ST1791 isolates harbored theegcgene cluster for enterotoxin G, I, M, N, O, and U genes. Although the relevance of contamination of fresh poultry meat or poultry products with MRSA is currently unclear, the presence of multiresistant and, in part, enterotoxigenic MRSA emphasizes the need for further studies to elucidate possible health hazards for consumers.

scholarly journals 554. The Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bacteremia in Hiroshima, Japan During 2008–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S263-S263
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kitagawa ◽  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
Hiroki Ohge ◽  
Motoyuki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background Recently, the Japanese intrinsic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clone (CA-MRSA/J), classified as sequence type (ST) 8 carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVl (ST8-IVl), has been identified that causes invasive infections similar to those of USA300 clone. However, epidemiological information regarding epidemic CA-MRSA clones is limited in Japan. This study was performed to investigate the changing epidemiology of MRSA causing bacteremia in Japan. Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing of MRSA isolates causing bacteremia at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. MRSA isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and were analyzed for virulence factors. Clinical data of patients with MRSA bacteremia were analyzed. Results A total of 193 MRSA strains causing bacteremia were identified during the study period. Among these, most belonged to ST764-IIa (30%; 59 of 193) and ST5-IIa (26.9%; 52 of 193). The proportion of ST5-IIa MRSA decreased from 39.6% (42 of 106) in 2008–2012 to 11.5% (10 of 87) in 2013–2017, and that of ST764-IIa MRSA increased from 23.6% (25 of 106) to 39.1% (34 of 87) in the same time period. The proportion of CA-MRSA (MRSA carrying SCCmec type IV or V) increased from 28.3% (30 of 106) in 2008–2012 to 42.5% (37 of 87) in 2013–2017. In CA-MRSA strains, clonal complex (CC) 8-IV MRSA was predominant (76.1%; 51 of 67). Those belonging to CC8-IV MRSA isolates were ST380-IVc (18 of 51), ST8-IVl (CA-MRSA/J; 15 of 51), ST8-IVj (15 of 51), ST8-IVa (2 of 51), and ST4803-IVl (1 of 51). The rate of hospital-onset infections of ST380-IVc, ST8-IVl, and ST8-IVj were 83.3%, 46.7%, and 60%, respectively. In CA-MRSA/J strains, including their variants (e.g., ST4803-IVl), 14 of 16 strains (87.5%) carried genes for toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst-1), enterotoxin C (sec), and enterotoxin L (sel), while none of the ST380-IVc and ST8-IVj MRSA strains carried these genes. Conclusion During the study period of 10 years, predominant ST5-IIa MRSA causing hospital-onset infections was replaced by ST764-IIa MRSA. In CA-MRSA clone, ST380-IVc, ST8-IVl (CA-MRSA/J), and ST8-IVj were dominant and have already spread to the healthcare environment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity against Staphylococcus aureus of a Novel Antimicrobial Agent, PRF-119, a Recombinant Chimeric Bacteriophage Endolysin

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 4416-4419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Idelevich ◽  
Christof von Eiff ◽  
Alexander W. Friedrich ◽  
Domenico Iannelli ◽  
Guoqing Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Bacteriophage Endolysin

ABSTRACTAntistaphylococcal activity of the novel chimeric endolysin PRF-119 was evaluated with the microdilution method. The MIC50and MIC90of 398 methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureusisolates were 0.098 μg/ml and 0.391 μg/ml, respectively (range, 0.024 to 0.780 μg/ml). Both the MIC50and MIC90values of 776 methicillin-resistantS. aureusisolates were 0.391 μg/ml (range, 0.024 to 1.563 μg/ml). All 192 clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci exhibited MIC values of >50 μg/ml. In conclusion, PRF-119 exhibited very good activity specifically againstS. aureus.

scholarly journals agrDysfunction Affects Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecType-Dependent Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3125-3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Kyung Kang ◽  
Jeong Eun Cho ◽  
Yoon Jeong Choi ◽  
Younghee Jung ◽  
Nak-Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iv

ABSTRACTStaphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement (SCCmec) type-dependent clinical outcomes may vary due to geographical variation in the presence of virulence determinants. We compared the microbiological factors and mortality attributed to methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) bacteremia between SCCmectypes II/III and type IV. All episodes of MRSA bacteremia in a tertiary-care hospital (South Korea) over a 4.5-year period were reviewed. We studied the microbiological factors associated with all blood MRSA isolates, includingspatype,agrtype,agrdysfunction, and the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and phenol-soluble modulin (PSM)-mec, in addition to SCCmectype. Of 195 cases, 137 involved SCCmectypes II/III, and 58 involved type IV. The mortality attributed to MRSA bacteremia was less frequent among the SCCmectype IV (5/58) than that among types II/III (39/137,P= 0.002). This difference remained significant when adjusted for clinical factors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04 to 0.49;P= 0.002). Of the microbiological factors tested,agrdysfunction was the only significant factor that showed different positivity between the SCCmectypes, and it was independently associated with MRSA bacteremia-attributed mortality (aOR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.72 to 12.92;P= 0.003). SCCmectype IV is associated with lower MRSA bacteremia-attributed mortality than are types II/III, which might be explained by the high rate ofagrdysfunction in SCCmectypes II/III in South Korea.

scholarly journals Commercially Distributed Meat as a Potential Vehicle for Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2797-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuyo Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Narimatsu ◽  
Masahiro Suzuki ◽  
Wataru Higuchi ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Meat Samples

ABSTRACTThe incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) infection has been increasing; however, the sources of infection remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of meat as a possible mediator of CA-MRSA infection. We examined the distribution of MRSA strains in commercially distributed raw meat samples (n= 197) and diarrheal stool samples of outpatients (n= 1,287) that were collected in Oita Prefecture, Japan, between 2003 and 2009 for routine legal inspections. Fourteen MRSA strains were isolated from three meat and 11 stool samples. Among these, seven isolates from three meat and four stool samples exhibited the same epidemiological marker profiles [coagulase type III, staphylococcal enterotoxin C, staphylococcal chromosomal cassettemec(SCCmec) type IV, ST8,spatype 606 (t1767), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) producing type]. Furthermore, of the seven strains, three isolates from two meat samples and one stool sample collected in 2007 exhibited completely identical characteristics with respect to phage open reading frame (ORF) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and drug susceptibility profiles. The results suggest that commercially distributed meat could play a role in the prevalence of CA-MRSA in the community.

scholarly journals First Report ofcfr-Carrying Plasmids in the Pandemic Sequence Type 22 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecType IV Clone

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 3007-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Shore ◽  
Alexandros Lazaris ◽  
Peter M. Kinnevey ◽  
Orla M. Brennan ◽  
Gráinne I. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Linezolid Resistance

ABSTRACTLinezolid is often the drug of last resort for serious methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infections. Linezolid resistance is mediated by mutations in 23S rRNA and genes for ribosomal proteins;cfr, encoding phenicol, lincosamide, oxazolidinone, pleuromutilin, and streptogramin A (PhLOPSA) resistance; its homologuecfr(B); oroptrA, conferring oxazolidinone and phenicol resistance. Linezolid resistance is rare inS. aureus, andcfris even rarer. This study investigated the clonality and linezolid resistance mechanisms of two MRSA isolates from patients in separate Irish hospitals. Isolates were subjected tocfrPCR, PhLOPSAsusceptibility testing, 23S rRNA PCR and sequencing, DNA microarray profiling,spatyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid curing, and conjugative transfer. Whole-genome sequencing was used for single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis, multilocus sequence typing, L protein mutation identification,cfrplasmid sequence analysis, andoptrAandcfr(B) detection. Isolates M12/0145 and M13/0401 exhibited linezolid MICs of 64 and 16 mg/liter, respectively, and harbored identical 23S rRNA and L22 mutations, but M12/0145 exhibited the mutation in 2/6 23S rRNA alleles, compared to 1/5 in M13/0401. Both isolates were sequence type 22 MRSA staphylococcal cassette chromosomemectype IV (ST22-MRSA-IV)/spatype t032 isolates, harboredcfr, exhibited the PhLOPSAphenotype, and lackedoptrAandcfr(B). They differed by five PFGE bands and 603 SNVs. Isolate M12/0145 harboredcfrandfexAon a 41-kb conjugative pSCFS3-type plasmid, whereas M13/0401 harboredcfrandlsa(B) on a novel 27-kb plasmid. This is the first report ofcfrin the pandemic ST22-MRSA-IV clone. Differentcfrplasmids and mutations associated with linezolid resistance in genotypically distinct ST22-MRSA-IV isolates highlight that prudent management of linezolid use is essential.

scholarly journals Comparative Genome Sequencing of an Isogenic Pair of USA800 Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained before and after Daptomycin Treatment Failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2018-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Boyle-Vavra ◽  
Marcus Jones ◽  
Brett L. Gourley ◽  
Michael Holmes ◽  
Rebecca Ruf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positively Charged

ABSTRACTWe describe here a clinical daptomycin treatment failure in a patient with recurrent methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) bacteremia in whom daptomycin was administered after a failed empirical treatment course with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam. We had the opportunity to compare the genome sequences of an isogenic pair of daptomycin-susceptible and -resistant MRSA isolates obtained before and after initiation of daptomycin therapy, respectively. The genotype of both isolates was USA800, ST5, SCCmectype IV,agrtype II. There was no increase in cell wall thickness in the daptomycin-resistant strain despite having decreased susceptibility to both vancomycin and daptomycin. By comparing the genome sequences by pyrosequencing, we identified a polymorphism (S337L) in the tenth transmembrane segment of the multiple peptide resistance factor, MprF, encoding lysyl phosphatidylglycerol transferase. This enzyme has been shown previously to promote repulsion of daptomycin at the cell surface by addition of positively charged lysine to phosphatidylglycerol. Also, thehlbopen reading frame (ORF) encoding the β-toxin was interrupted by a prophage in the daptomycin-susceptible strain; this phage was missing in the daptomycin-resistant isolate and thehlbORF was restored. Loss of the phage in the resistant isolate also resulted in loss of the virulence factor genesclpP,scn, andsak. This is the first study to use pyrosequencing to compare the genomes of a daptomycin-susceptible/resistant MRSA isolate pair obtained during failed daptomycin therapy in humans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Novel Combination of High-Dose Daptomycin plus Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole against Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using anIn VitroPharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of Simulated Endocardial Vegetations

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5709-5714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Steed ◽  
Brian J. Werth ◽  
Cortney E. Ireland ◽  
Michael J. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTDaptomycin-nonsusceptible (DNS)Staphylococcus aureusis found in difficult-to-treat infections, and the optimal therapy is unknown. We investigated the activity of high-dose (HD) daptomycin plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole de-escalated to HD daptomycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 4 clinical DNS methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) isolates in anin vitropharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of simulated endocardial vegetations (109CFU/g). Simulated regimens included HD daptomycin at 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 160/800 mg every 12 h for 14 days, HD daptomycin plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 14 days, and the combination for 7 days de-escalated to HD daptomycin for 7 days and de-escalated to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 7 days. Differences in CFU/g (at 168 and 336 h) were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey'spost hoctest. Daptomycin MICs were 4 μg/ml (SA H9749-1, vancomycin-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus; R6212, heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus) and 2 μg/ml (R5599 and R5563). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MICs were ≤0.06/1.19 μg/ml. HD daptomycin plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole displayed rapid bactericidal activity against SA H9749-1 (at 7 h) and R6212 (at 6 h) and bactericidal activity against R5599 (at 72 h) and R5563 (at 36 h). A ≥8 log10CFU/g decrease was observed with HD daptomycin plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against all strains (at 48 to 144 h), which was maintained with de-escalation to HD daptomycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 336 h. The combination for 14 days and the combination for 7 days de-escalated to HD daptomycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was significantly better than daptomycin monotherapy (P< 0.05) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy (P< 0.05) at 168 and 336 h. Combination therapy followed by de-escalation offers a novel bactericidal therapeutic alternative for high-inoculum, serious DNS MRSA infections.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nasal and Blood Culture Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in United States Hospitals

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1324-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Tenover ◽  
Isabella A. Tickler ◽  
Richard V. Goering ◽  
Barry N. Kreiswirth ◽  
José R. Mediavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTA total of 299 nares and 194 blood isolates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), each recovered from a unique patient, were collected from 23 U.S. hospitals from May 2009 to March 2010. All isolates underwentspaand staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement (SCCmec) typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; a subset of 84 isolates was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI. Seventy-sixspatypes were observed among the isolates. Overall, for nasal isolates,spatype t002-SCCmectype II (USA100) was the most common strain type (37% of isolates), while among blood isolates,spatype t008-SCCmectype IV (USA300) was the most common (39%). However, the proportion of all USA100 and USA300 isolates varied by United States census region. Nasal isolates were more resistant to tobramycin and clindamycin than blood isolates (55.9% and 48.8% of isolates versus 36.6% and 39.7%, respectively; for both,P< 0.05). The USA300 isolates were largely resistant to fluoroquinolones. High-level mupirocin resistance was low among allspatypes (<5%). SCCmectypes III and VIII, which are rare in the United States, were observed along with several unusual PFGE types, including CMRSA9, EMRSA15, and the PFGE profile associated with sequence type 239 (ST239) isolates. Typing data from this convenience sample suggest that in U.S. hospitalized patients, USA100 isolates of multiplespatypes, while still common in the nares, have been replaced by USA300 isolates as the predominant MRSA strain type in positive blood cultures.

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