scholarly journals Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Exposed to Biodiesel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Malarvizhi ◽  
Shyamala R. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Conducive Environment

Environmental concerns over worsening air pollution problems caused by emissions from vehicles and depletion of fossil fuels have forced us to seek fuels such as biodiesel which can supplement petrofuels. Biodiesels have the ability to retain water and provide a conducive environment for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) which may cause difficulties during transportation, storage, and their use. This paper analyses the influence of bacteria on the corrosivity of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas on carbon steel using mass loss method. Carbon steel showed the highest corrosion rates in B100 (100% biodiesel) both in the presence and in absence of bacteria. The surface analysis of the metal was carried out using SEM.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Copper and Carbon Steel in Acidic Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1577-1582
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Loss Method

The corrosion behavior of copper and carbon steel in 1M concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has been studied. The corrosion inhibition of copper and carbon steel in 1M concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) by Ciprofloxacin has been investigated. Specimens were exposed in the acidic media for 7 hours and corrosion rates evaluated by using the weight loss method. The effect of temperature (from 283 ºK to 333 ºK), pH (from 1to 6), inhibitor concentration (10-4 to 10-2) has been studied. It was observed that sulphuric acid environment was most corrosive to the metals because of its oxidizing nature, followed by hydrochloric acid. The rate of metal dissolution increased with increasing exposure time. Corrosion rates of carbon steel in the acidic media found to be higher.

scholarly journals Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Floyd ◽  
Blake W. Stamps ◽  
Wendy J. Goodson ◽  
Bradley S. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Byssochlamys , and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in situ , precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and n-alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Byssochlamys produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storage and dispensing B20 biodiesel. IMPORTANCE Biodiesel is widely used across the United States and worldwide, blended with ultralow sulfur diesel in various concentrations. In this study we were able to demonstrate that the filamentous fungi Byssochlamys AF004 and the yeast Wickerhamomyces SE3 were able to degrade fatty acid methyl esters and alkanes in biodiesel causing increases in acidity. Both fungi also accelerated the corrosion of carbon steel, especially at the interface of the fuel and water, where their biofilms were located. This research provides controlled, quantified measurements and the localization of microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by common fungal contaminants in biodiesel fuels.

scholarly journals Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G Floyd ◽  
Blake W Stamps ◽  
Wendy J Crookes-Goodson ◽  
Bradley Scott Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Abiotic Controls

Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Byssochlamys, and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in situ, precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and n-alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Byssochlamys produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storage and dispensing B20 biodiesel.

scholarly journals Allium Sativum (Garlic) Extract as Nontoxic Corrosion Inhibitor

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rajam ◽  
S. Rajendran ◽  
R. Saranya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Anodic Reaction ◽  
Polarization Study ◽  
Loss Method

The inhibition efficiency (IE) of an aqueous extract of garlic in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in well water in the absence and presence ofZn2+has been evaluated by mass-loss method. The formulation consisting of 2 mL of garlic extract and 25 ppmZn2+offers 70% inhibition efficiency to carbon steel immersed in well water. Polarization study reveals that this formulation controls the anodic reaction predominantly. FTIR spectra reveal that the protective film consists ofFe2+-allicin complex and Zn(OH)2.

scholarly journals Deterioration resistance Behavior of Carbon Metal in Salt Water by Alanine- Zn2+ System

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
System Function ◽  
Polarization Analysis ◽  
Metal Shell ◽  
Anodic Reaction ◽  
Afm Analysis ◽  
Loss Method

The inhibition effectiveness of Alanine - Zn2+ system in scheming deterioration of carbon steel in salt water has been evaluate by mass loss method. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm of Alanine and 25 ppm of Zn2+ has 87% IE. A synergistic effect exists among Alanine and Zn2+. Polarization analysis reveals to facilitate the Alanine - Zn2+ system function as an anodic inhibitor and the formulation controls the anodic reaction mostly. The character of the shielding film on metal shell has been analyzed by AFM analysis.

Vicious Cycle of Economic Growth, Pm2.5 and COVID-19 Case of G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rıdvan Karacan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
G7 Countries

<p>Today, production is carried out depending on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels pollute the air as they contain high levels of carbon. Many studies have been carried out on the economic costs of air pollution. However, in the present study, unlike the former ones, economic growth's relationship with the COVID-19 virus in addition to air pollution was examined. The COVID-19 virus, which was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected the whole world, has caused many cases and deaths. Researchers have been going on studying how the virus is transmitted. Some of these studies suggest that the number of virus-related cases increases in regions with a high level of air pollution. Based on this fact, it is thought that air pollution will increase the number of COVID-19 cases in G7 Countries where industrial production is widespread. Therefore, the negative aspects of economic growth, which currently depends on fossil fuels, is tried to be revealed. The research was carried out for the period between 2000-2019. Panel cointegration test and panel causality analysis were used for the empirical analysis. Particulate matter known as PM2.5[1] was used as an indicator of air pollution. Consequently, a positive long-term relationship has been identified between PM2.5 and economic growth. This relationship also affects the number of COVID-19 cases.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>[1] "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that poses the greatest risk to health globally, affecting more people than any other pollutant (WHO, 2018). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 considerably increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in particular (WHO, 2018). For these reasons, population exposure to (outdoor or ambient) PM2.5 has been identified as an OECD Green Growth headline indicator" (OECD.Stat).</p>

The Analysis Of Service Quality Using Importance Performance Analysis For Mrt Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Rina Nur Chasanah ◽  
Andreas Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Five Dimension ◽  
Quality Theory

Public infrastructure and congestion issues become salient problems in Indonesia. According to INRIX Global Traffic Scoreboard (2018): Jakarta was ranked as twelfth worst in the world. Air quality also becoming another issues that derived from traffic congestion causing air pollution. To mitigate this issue, government has been established MRT Jakarta in 2019. This study aims to evaluate and improving service level of Moda Raya Terpadu (MRT) in order to encourage more people using public transportation, moreover altering people using public transportation would reduce the amount of fossil fuels and reducing bad air pollution for a better climate. Methodolgy of the research using service quality theory with five dimension from Parasuraman et. al, and extended in Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. Therefore, data was distributed using questionnaire with 18 item measurement and 102 respondents was collected. As a result, tangibility, reliability, and responsiveness dimension had been classified in quadrant one, followed assurance dimension in quadrant two, however empathy dimension had been measured in quadrant four and indicates to be improved.

Influence of NaCl concentration on microbiologically influenced corrosion of carbon steel by halophilic archaeon Natronorubrum tibetense

2021 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 107746
Author(s):  
Hongchang Qian ◽  
Juantao Zhang ◽  
Tianyu Cui ◽  
Lei Fan ◽  
Xudong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Nacl Concentration

eu Policy and Law Regarding Railways and the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ludwig Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Railway Freight ◽  
Planning And Operation

For decades, railway issues were considered, in Europe, as being almost entirely in the responsibility of the Member States. This history is even reflected in the present eu approach on railway issues which has, as one of its political priorities, the objective to ensure the interoperability of national legal and technical standards all over the eu. The development of trans-European transport networks, the upcoming of high-speed transboundary trains and the internationalisation of railway freight transport which are of relative recent date, all contribute to the greater awareness of railway impacts on the environment. Policies can no longer promote railways with the argument that rail is the most environment-friendly means of transport, but are more and more obliged to take into consideration, during the planning and operation of railways, local, provincial and regional environmental concerns. The contribution passes in review the most relevant environmental concerns with regard to railways. After a short description of the regulatory frame, the different environmental aspects of railways – land use, nature conservation, noise, water, air pollution, and waste management – are discussed. Some concluding remarks follow.

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