scholarly journals Bacterial Population Dynamics in Dairy Waste during Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment and Subsequent Storage

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. McGarvey ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Ruihong Zhang ◽  
Yanguo Ma ◽  
Frank Mitloehner
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to model a typical dairy waste stream, monitor the chemical and bacterial population dynamics that occur during aerobic or anaerobic treatment and subsequent storage in a simulated lagoon, and compare them to those of waste held without treatment in a simulated lagoon. Both aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods followed by storage effectively reduced the levels of total solids (59 to 68%), biological oxygen demand (85 to 90%), and sulfate (56 to 65%), as well as aerobic (83 to 95%), anaerobic (80 to 90%), and coliform (>99%) bacteria. However, only aerobic treatment reduced the levels of ammonia, and anaerobic treatment was more effective at reducing total sulfur and sulfate. The bacterial population structure of waste before and after treatment was monitored using 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries. Both treatments had unique effects on the bacterial population structure of waste. Aerobic treatment resulted in the greatest change in the type of bacteria present, with the levels of eight out of nine phyla being significantly altered. The most notable differences were the >16-fold increase in the phylum Proteobacteria and the approximately 8-fold decrease in the phylum Firmicutes. Anaerobic treatment resulted in fewer alterations, but significant decreases in the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and increases in the phyla Planctomycetes, Spirochetes, and TM7 were observed.

scholarly journals Applicability of biological wastewater treatment for various industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Basamykina Alena ◽  
Kurkina Ekaterina ◽  
Kameristaya Maria
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Inorganic Substances

Abstract Biological treatment methods are used to remove organic and some inorganic substances from wastewater using the simplest organisms that use these substances for nutrition, breaking them down using cellular processes. The article deals with the aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic stages of biological wastewater treatment. Their differences are explained and the best way to use biological processes is analyzed according to the type of industry/production. At wastewater treatment plants, anaerobic treatment is often used at first to remove a significant part of organic substances from wastewater before sending them for further aerobic treatment. Aerobic treatment is effective for various types of wastewater, especially with lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A comparative analysis of wastewater composition from food, oil and gas processing, pharmaceutical and pulp and paper industries was carried out. In the presence of organic compounds, the technology is chosen depending on the total organic matter content or the total COD content, which characterizes the total organic matter in water. A combination of anaerobic and aerobic methods is possible, if a discharge into the sewer system or into water bodies is required. The grounds for the application of biological wastewater treatment of these industries are given.

Evaluation of Alternatives to Conventional Disc Support Media for Rotating Biological Contactors

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ware ◽  
M. B. Pescod ◽  
B. Storch
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Biofilm Support ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

A variety of biofilm support media for rotating biological contactors, both aerobic and anaerobic. are reviewed in the light of experience gained from laboratory. pilot-scale and full-scale operations. Currently there is no clear economically superior replacement for conventional HDPE moulded discs for aerobic treatment plants. As little anaerobic full-scale operational work has been carried out it has been speculated that random-packed media and twin-walled polycarbonate sheets could provide a substitute support material in anaerobic treatment units.

Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment for AOX Removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
In Series ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Aox Removal ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

A two-year study has focused on AOX removal from bleaching wastewaters in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, using bench scale bioreactors operated in parallel and in series. Significantly higher removals have been found in anaerobic than in aerobic treatment. Earlier work with dilute kraft bleaching wastes has been extended in additional laboratory tests and at a nearby kraft mill. 50-75% fractions of bleaching wastes were treated. Toxicity in the anaerobic process was encountered at 85% bleach waste fractions. Total AOX removal experienced in aerobic treatment is 30-35%, in anaerobic treatment 40-45%, and in an anaerobic/aerobic sequence 50-55%. Percentage removals were not sensitive to the fraction of bleaching wastewater. Several process modifications were attempted to try to obtain higher removals with only marginal success. Studies at a kraft mill confirmed the AOX removals that had been found in lab studies. AOX removal occurs by several mechanisms. There is a very significant chemical or abiotic degradation that occurs after neutralization, perhaps enhanced by reductants or other inorganic salts. Biological processes are much more significant in anaerobic than in aerobic treatment. Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation affects specific chlorinated compounds and catalyzed AOX degradation is facilitated by reduced coenzymes that are produced by bacteria. Removal by sorption or insolubilization is relatively minor in aerobic and anaerobic processes.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Pyocin Production Affects Population Dynamics within Mixed-Culture Biofilms

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Waite ◽  
Michael A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Strain Pao1 ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pao1 ◽  
Sensitive Isolate ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT Transcriptomic and phenotypic studies showed that pyocins are produced in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 aerobic and anaerobic biofilms. Pyocin activity was found to be high in slow-growing anaerobic biofilms but transient in aerobic biofilms. Biofilm coculture of strain PAO1 and a pyocin-sensitive isolate showed that pyocin production had a significant impact on bacterial population dynamics, particularly under anaerobic conditions.

Quantifying bacterial population dynamics in compost using 16S rRNA gene probes

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Schloss ◽  
Anthony G. Hay ◽  
David B. Wilson ◽  
James M. Gossett ◽  
Larry P. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Probes

scholarly journals Rumen Microbial Population Dynamics during Adaptation to a High-Grain Diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (22) ◽  
pp. 7482-7490 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Fernando ◽  
H. T. Purvis ◽  
F. Z. Najar ◽  
L. O. Sukharnikov ◽  
C. R. Krehbiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Libraries ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT High-grain adaptation programs are widely used with feedlot cattle to balance enhanced growth performance against the risk of acidosis. This adaptation to a high-grain diet from a high-forage diet is known to change the rumen microbial population structure and help establish a stable microbial population within the rumen. Therefore, to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet, 4 ruminally cannulated beef steers were adapted to a high-grain diet using a step-up diet regimen containing grain and hay at ratios of 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20. The rumen bacterial populations were evaluated at each stage of the step-up diet after 1 week of adaptation, before the steers were transitioned to the next stage of the diet, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, 16S rRNA gene libraries, and quantitative real-time PCR. The T-RFLP analysis displayed a shift in the rumen microbial population structure during the final two stages of the step-up diet. The 16S rRNA gene libraries demonstrated two distinct rumen microbial populations in hay-fed and high-grain-fed animals and detected only 24 common operational taxonomic units out of 398 and 315, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene libraries of hay-fed animals contained a significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to the phylum Fibrobacteres, whereas the 16S rRNA gene libraries of grain-fed animals contained a significantly higher number of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Real-time PCR analysis detected significant fold increases in the Megasphaera elsdenii, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Prevotella bryantii populations during adaptation to the high-concentrate (high-grain) diet, whereas the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations gradually decreased as the animals were adapted to the high-concentrate diet. This study evaluates the rumen microbial population using several molecular approaches and presents a broader picture of the rumen microbial population structure during adaptation to a high-grain diet from a forage diet.

Sequential anaerobic/aerobic biotreatment of bark leachate

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Frigon ◽  
R. Cimpoia ◽  
S.R. Guiot
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Air Diffusion

Bark leachate is generated from sawmill operations such as log storage sites and contains polymeric tannins, carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolic and resin compounds. The present study was aimed at assessing the performance of a sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment, for both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal, under various combinations of operational conditions, in the continuous mode. After anaerobic treatment in a five litres upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor, the leachate was directed into two parallel aerobic reactors, either an activated sludge unit or a fixed film submerged filter (packed with polyethylene Flexirings), both of a volume of one litre and oxygenated by air diffusion. For a leachate of 22 gCOD/l, an overall COD removal of 96Ð98% was achieved at an hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 4 days for the anaerobic reactor and one day for either aerobic systems. The phenol concentration generally increased after anaerobic treatment but was below the detection limit (50 ppb) after aerobic polishing. Radiorespirometric microcosms with 14C-labelled phenol confirmed that phenol was mineralized in the aerobic reactors. The performances of both aerobic systems were similar for COD and phenol removal. Thus, a sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment was able to effectively address the contamination of a bark leachate discharge, including phenols.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

<p>In this study, the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the industrial wastewater from the vegetable tanning process were evaluated. Water from a food wastewater treatment system was used as seed inoculum for the aerobic process and mature granular methanogenic sludge from a brewery industrial wastewater plant was used for the anaerobic process. The water from the tanning industry had a biological to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 33% with values of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 342000 mg O2/L and total dissolved solids of 506595 mg/L. The assay of the tannery effluent under aerobic conditions resulted in a decrease of COD of 39.2% and a degradation of tannins lower than 12% after 26 days, while the anaerobic degradation showed a COD reduction of 65% with a 39% of degradation of tannins. The production of methane and Volatile Fatty Acids, during the anaerobic treatment, suggests a potential adaptation of biological organisms present in the mature anaerobic granular methanogenic sludge.</p>

scholarly journals Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a Microbial Consortium Developed from Compost Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles O. Nwuche ◽  
Hideki Aoyagi ◽  
James C. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Isolated Species

A method for the aerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated in shake-flask experiments using a consortium developed from POME compost. POME was initially centrifuged at 4,000 g for 15 min and the supernatant was enriched with (NH4)2SO4 (0.5%) and yeast extract (0.25%) to boost its nitrogen content. At optimum pH (pH 4) and temperature (40°C) conditions, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent decreased from 10,350 to 1,000 mg/L (90.3%) after 7 days. The total bacterial population determined by plate count enumeration was 2.4 × 106 CFU/mL, while the fungal count was 1.8 × 103 colonies/mL. Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, and Bacillus were isolated, while the fungal genera included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Mucor. When the isolated species were each inoculated into separate batches of the raw effluent, both pH and COD were unchanged. However, at 75 and 50% POME dilutions, the COD dropped by 52 and 44%, respectively, while the pH increased from 4 to 7.53. POME treatment by aerobic method is sustainable and holds promising prospects for cushioning the environment from the problems associated with the use of anaerobic systems.

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