scholarly journals Linking Microbial Community and Catabolic Gene Structures during the Adaptation of Three Contaminated Soils under Continuous Long-Term Pollutant Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 2227-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Lima-Morales ◽  
Ruy Jáuregui ◽  
Amelia Camarinha-Silva ◽  
Robert Geffers ◽  
Dietmar H. Pieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Catabolic Gene ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Gene Structures

ABSTRACTThree types of contaminated soil from three geographically different areas were subjected to a constant supply of benzene or benzene/toluene/ethylbenzene/xylenes (BTEX) for a period of 3 months. Different from the soil from Brazil (BRA) and Switzerland (SUI), the Czech Republic (CZE) soil which was previously subjected to intensivein situbioremediation displayed only negligible changes in community structure. BRA and SUI soil samples showed a clear succession of phylotypes. A rapid response to benzene stress was observed, whereas the response to BTEX pollution was significantly slower. After extended incubation, actinobacterial phylotypes increased in relative abundance, indicating their superior fitness to pollution stress. Commonalities but also differences in the phylotypes were observed. Catabolic gene surveys confirmed the enrichment of actinobacteria by identifying the increase of actinobacterial genes involved in the degradation of pollutants. Proteobacterial phylotypes increased in relative abundance in SUI microcosms after short-term stress with benzene, and catabolic gene surveys indicated enriched metabolic routes. Interestingly, CZE soil, despite staying constant in community structure, showed a change in the catabolic gene structure. This indicates that a highly adapted community, which had to adjust its gene pool to meet novel challenges, has been enriched.

scholarly journals Changes in Heterotrophic Picoplankton Community Structure after Induction of a Phytoplankton Bloom under Different Light Regimes

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karayanni ◽  
Kormas ◽  
Moustaka-Gouni ◽  
Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Abundant Otus

Bacterial and archaeal diversity and succession were studied during a mesocosm experiment that investigated whether changing light regimes could affect the onset of phytoplankton blooms. For this, 454-pyrosequencing of the bacterial V1-V3 and archaeal V3-V9 16S rRNA regions was performed in samples collected from four mesocosms receiving different light irradiances at the beginning and the end of the experiment and during phytoplankton growth. In total, 46 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with ≥1% relative abundance occurred (22–34 OTUs per mesocosm). OTUs were affiliated mainly with Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Alteromonadaceae. The four mesocosms shared 11 abundant OTUs. Dominance increased at the beginning of phytoplankton growth in all treatments and decreased thereafter. Maximum dominance was found in the mesocosms with high irradiances. Overall, specific bacterial OTUs had different responses in terms of relative abundance under in situ and high light intensities, and an early phytoplankton bloom resulted in different bacterial community structures both at high (family) and low (OTU) taxonomic levels. Thus, bacterial community structure and succession are affected by light regime, both directly and indirectly, which may have implications for an ecosystem’s response to environmental changes.

Separating and characterizing functional nitrogen degraders via magnetic-nanoparticle mediated isolation technology in high concentration of ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yin ◽  
Yujiao Sun ◽  
Danyang Zheng ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Stable Conditions

<p>Magnetic-nanoparticle mediated isolation (MMI) is a new method for isolating active functional microbes from complex microorganisms without substrate labeling. In this study, the composition and properties of the magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs）were characterized by a number of techniques. And then the MNPs were added to activated sludge rich in ammonia nitrogen-degrading bacteria after long-term stable treatment,  another set of experiments plus urea was set as the only carbon source in the system. Compared with the group without MNPs, degradation experiment results showed that the ammonia nitrogen degradation ability of a group of MNPs was slightly improved. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the addition of MNPs did not change the microbial community structure of activated sludge under long-term stable conditions, and that the addition of urea as a nitrogen source significantly changed the microbial community structure. RDA analysis results also showed that Comamonadaceae_unclassified and Thiobacillus absolutely dominated in situ ammonia degradation, and the change in dominant genera showed the same trend as the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen. It has also proved that the complex flora after adding magnetic nanoparticles is more adaptable to newly introduced pollutants, using MMI to study pollutant-degrading microorganisms under in-situ conditions has a broad application prospect.</p>

Experimental pressure and sealing plug as part of the European DOPAS project – deep geological repository plug demonstration

Clay Minerals ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-601
Author(s):  
Irena Hanusová ◽  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Petr Večerník
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
International Project ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Deep Geological Repository ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
Experimental Pressure

AbstractThe objective of the DOPAS international project is to design a sealing-plug system for deep geological repository (DGR) use, to provide detailed plans for the design of such plugs, to test the characteristics of the materials to be used and the construction technology and to install four experimental in situ plugs. The Czech experimental pressure and sealing-plug (EPSP) experiment is being conducted in a rock environment consisting of granitoids at the Josef Regional Underground Research Centre. The concept of the experiment is based primarily on the use of materials and technology available in the Czech Republic and the principal aim is to demonstrate the technical viability and functioning of a pressure-resistant plug located in a future DGR. The completion of the EPSP experiment will contribute towards both the demonstration of how sealing-plug systems behave under real underground conditions and the long-term safety of a future DGR in the Czech Republic.

Long-Term Development of Biological Communities

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Community Theory ◽  
Coexisting Species

I shall define biological community as the species comprising a temporally and spatially localized assemblage. Although members of a community may interact, I do not wish to imply that the community behaves as a functional unit or that interactions among members determine its structure. When discussing community structure in this paper, I refer exclusively to the diversity of species because of the general availability of comparative data and because most of community theory makes predictions concerning number of coexisting species. Other important community attributes, such as relative abundance patterns, trophic level structure, food web organization, resistance to and recovery from perturbation, and physical architecture, will not be considered.

Hydrolase activity, microbial biomass and community structure in long-term Cd-contaminated soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Renella ◽  
M. Mench ◽  
D. van der Lelie ◽  
G. Pietramellara ◽  
J. Ascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hydrolase Activity

scholarly journals Phytoremediation and Microorganisms-Assisted Phytoremediation of Mercury-Contaminated Soils: Challenges and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Emanuela D. Tiodar ◽  
Cristina L. Văcar ◽  
Dorina Podar
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Assisted Phytoremediation ◽  
Potential Use

Mercury (Hg) pollution is a global threat to human and environmental health because of its toxicity, mobility and long-term persistence. Although costly engineering-based technologies can be used to treat heavily Hg-contaminated areas, they are not suitable for decontaminating agricultural or extensively-polluted soils. Emerging phyto- and bioremediation strategies for decontaminating Hg-polluted soils generally involve low investment, simple operation, and in situ application, and they are less destructive for the ecosystem. Current understanding of the uptake, translocation and sequestration of Hg in plants is reviewed to highlight new avenues for exploration in phytoremediation research, and different phytoremediation strategies (phytostabilization, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization) are discussed. Research aimed at identifying suitable plant species and associated-microorganisms for use in phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soils is also surveyed. Investigation into the potential use of transgenic plants in Hg-phytoremediation is described. Recent research on exploiting the beneficial interactions between plants and microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that are Hg-resistant and secrete plant growth promoting compounds is reviewed. We highlight areas where more research is required into the effective use of phytoremediation on Hg-contaminated sites, and conclude that the approaches it offers provide considerable potential for the future.

scholarly journals The Ubiquity and Development-Related Abundance Dynamics of Ophiocordyceps Fungi in Soft Scale Insects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Jun Deng ◽  
Yuhua Yu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Mutual relationships with symbionts play a crucial role in the evolution and ecology of plant-feeding hemipteran insects. However, there was no specific dominant bacterium observed in soft scales (Coccidae) in the previous studies, it is still unclear whether soft scales have specific primary symbionts. In this study, a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)gene fragment was used to analyze the diversity of fungal communities in 28 Coccidae species based on next-generation sequencing (NGS). Furthermore, samples from different developmental stages of Ceroplastes japonicus were sequenced to illustrate the dynamics of fungal community. Our results showed that Coccidae-associated Ophiocordyceps fungi (COF) were prevalent in all 28 tested species with high relative abundance. Meanwhile, the first and second instars of C. japonicus, two important stages for growth and development, had high relative abundance of COF, while the relative abundances in other stages were low, ranging from 0.68% to 2.07%. The result of fluorescent in situ hybridization showed that the COF were widely present in hemolymph and vertically transmitted from mother to offspring. Our study confirms that the COF have intimate associations with the growth and development of soft scales, and provides new evidence to support that COF are primary fungal symbionts for Coccidae.

scholarly journals Impacts of Long-Term Irrigation of Domestic Treated Wastewater on Soil Biogeochemistry and Bacterial Community Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 7143-7158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Wafula ◽  
John R. White ◽  
Andy Canion ◽  
Charles Jagoe ◽  
Ashish Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTFreshwater scarcity and regulations on wastewater disposal have necessitated the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for soil irrigation, which has several environmental and economic benefits. However, TWW irrigation can cause nutrient loading to the receiving environments. We assessed bacterial community structure and associated biogeochemical changes in soil plots irrigated with nitrate-rich TWW (referred to as pivots) for periods ranging from 13 to 30 years. Soil cores (0 to 40 cm) were collected in summer and winter from five irrigated pivots and three adjacently located nonirrigated plots. Total bacterial and denitrifier gene abundances were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and community structure was assessed by 454 massively parallel tag sequencing (MPTS) of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes along with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis ofnirK,nirS, andnosZfunctional genes responsible for denitrification of the TWW-associated nitrate. Soil physicochemical analyses showed that, regardless of the seasons, pH and moisture contents (MC) were higher in the irrigated (IR) pivots than in the nonirrigated (NIR) plots; organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were higher as a function of season but not of irrigation treatment. MPTS analysis showed that TWW loading resulted in the following: (i) an increase in the relative abundance ofProteobacteria, especiallyBetaproteobacteriaandGammaproteobacteria; (ii) a decrease in the relative abundance ofActinobacteria; (iii) shifts in the communities of acidobacterial groups, along with a shift in thenirKandnirSdenitrifier guilds as shown by T-RFLP analysis. Additionally, bacterial biomass estimated by genus/group-specific real-time qPCR analyses revealed that higher numbers of total bacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria, and thenirSdenitrifier guilds were present in the IR pivots than in the NIR plots. Identification of thenirK-containing microbiota as a proxy for the denitrifier community indicated that bacteria belonged to alphaproteobacteria from theRhizobiaceaefamily within the agroecosystem studied. Multivariate statistical analyses further confirmed some of the above soil physicochemical and bacterial community structure changes as a function of long-term TWW application within this agroecosystem.

ÚJV Řež, a.s. Research Programme Supporting Development of Deep Geological Repository in the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václava Havlová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Deep Geological Repository ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Geological Repository

ÚJV Řež, a.s. as a company with a long term experience in radioactive waste management (RWM) has been running a comprehensive research programme, supporting development of deep geological repository (DGR) in the Czech Republic. Recently ÚJV Řež, a.s. research has focused on the different aspects of safety functions that DGR barriers should provide. Moreover, the research has also recently paid strong attention to real conditions that can be present in DGR (anaerobic reducing conditions, increased T due to heat generation by radioactive waste, contact of different materials within repository, real scale of the rock massive etc.). Both types of experiments, laboratory and in-situ experiments in underground laboratories, were included in the research programme. The presentation gives a brief overview of experimental trends, being conducted for materials and conditions, concerned in Czech repository concept.

scholarly journals Optimization of low volume road pavement design and construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauser Jaroslav ◽  
Ševelová Lenka ◽  
Matula Radek ◽  
Zedník Petr
Keyword(s):  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Material Tests

Low volume roads in the Czech Republic are roads with lower traffic volume that primarily include forest and field roads, and they are an integral part of the Czech transport network. When building road pavements, we can use processes for surveying, designing, building and inspecting road constructions included in national and international, particularly European, standards. In addition, the roads are evaluated in terms of their environmental impacts, in order to maintain the quality of the environment. However, during the construction of road pavements decisions based on financial, time and other reasons are made. The decisions have impacts on the operation of roads and lead to other measures and additional costs of repairs and reconstructions. The article summarizes the authors’ research results from constructions of low volume road pavements and contains evaluations of laboratory and in situ material tests (soils, layers) of installed road pavements as well as evaluations of modelled laboratory and long-term monitored in situ structures.

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