scholarly journals Influence of Cations on Growth of Thermophilic Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus in Planktonic Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 2477-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Somerton ◽  
Jon Palmer ◽  
John Brooks ◽  
Edward Smolinski ◽  
Denise Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Planktonic Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli ◽  
Anoxybacillus Flavithermus ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

ABSTRACTFree ions of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+influenced the optical density of planktonic cultures of thermophilic bacilli.Anoxybacillus flavithermusE16 andGeobacillussp. strain F75 (milk powder manufacturing plant isolates) andA. flavithermusDSM 2641 andG. thermoleovoransDSM 5366 were studied. Ca2+and Mg2+were associated with increases in optical density more so than Na+and K+. Overall, it appeared that Ca2+and/or Mg2+was required for the production of protein in thermophilic bacilli, as shown by results obtained withA. flavithermusE16, which was selected for further study.

scholarly journals Preconditioning with Cations Increases the Attachment of Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus Species to Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4186-4190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Somerton ◽  
Steve Flint ◽  
Jon Palmer ◽  
John Brooks ◽  
Denise Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Steel Product ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Anoxybacillus Flavithermus ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

ABSTRACTPreconditioning ofAnoxybacillus flavithermusE16 andGeobacillussp. strain F75 with cations prior to attachment often significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) the number of viable cells that attached to stainless steel (by up to 1.5 log CFU/cm2) compared with unconditioned bacteria. It is proposed that the transition ofA. flavithermusandGeobacillusspp. from milk formulations to stainless steel product contact surfaces in milk powder manufacturing plants is mediated predominantly by bacterial physiological factors (e.g., surface-exposed adhesins) rather than the concentrations of cations in milk formulations surrounding bacteria.

scholarly journals Survival of thermophilic spore-forming bacteria in a 90+ year old milk powder from Ernest Shackelton's Cape Royds Hut in Antarctica

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron S Ronimus ◽  
Andreas Rueckert ◽  
Hugh W Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli ◽  
The World ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Anoxybacillus Flavithermus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Spray Dried

Milk powder taken to Antarctica on Shackelton's British Antarctic Expedition in 1907 was produced in New Zealand by a roller drying process in the first factory in the world dedicated to this process. Thermophilic bacilli are the dominant contaminants of modern spray-dried milk powders and the 1907 milk powder allows a comparison to be made of contaminating strains in roller-dried and spray-dried powders. Samples of milk powder obtained from Shackelton's Hut at Cape Royds had low levels of thermophilic contamination (<500 cfu ml−1) but the two dominant strains (Bacillus licheniformis strain F and Bacillus subtilis) were typical of those found in spray-dried powders. Soil samples from the floor of the hut also contained these strains, whereas soils distant from the hut did not. Differences in the RAPD profiles of isolates from the milk powder and the soils suggest that contamination of the milk from the soil was unlikely. It is significant that the most commonly encountered contaminant strain in modern spray-dried milk (Anoxybacillus flavithermus strain C) was not detected in the 1907 sample.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Three Strains of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Milk Powder Manufacturing Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Burgess ◽  
Murray P. Cox ◽  
Steve H. Flint ◽  
Denise Lindsay ◽  
Patrick J. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

Three strains of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (designated A1, P3, and D1) were isolated from a New Zealand milk powder manufacturing plant. Here, we describe their draft genome sequences. This information provided the first genomic insights into the nature of G. stearothermophilus strains present in the milk powder manufacturing environment.

Improving quality of maintenance task for milk powder manufacturing unit through TOPSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Pancholi ◽  
Hiren Gajera ◽  
Darshit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Reliability Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Powder Manufacturing ◽  
Maintenance Plan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of improving the quality of existing maintenance task of the atomizer of milk powder manufacturing unit of a dairy plant. Looking to the past business volume and expected growth, the milk powder manufacturing unit forms a noticeable sector of processing plant. The lack of quality in maintenance standards leads to reliability losses of about 20–25% with low productivity and profit. Such facts and challenges of keeping the system in ready-state motivate a definite maintenance plan to be modeled based on a live failure analysis to be executed during shutdown or scheduled period.Design/methodology/approachThe deliverables are achieved by collecting the historical failure data i.e. downtime and failure frequencies; from January 2020 to July 2020 at Dudhsagar dairy, Gujarat, India. Reliability modeling is done in a view to understand the failure pattern behavior of the milk powder manufacturing unit. The atomizer is discriminated as a critical component based on these data and their functional failures, failure causes, effects and repercussions of failures with existing control and maintenance practices has been modeled based on live shop-floor study. Scores are assigned on 1 to 10 levels by analyzing attributes effects from lowest to highest concern respectively for every modes of failure through realistic brain-storming among maintenance team by incorporating some advanced attributes like maintainability, economic safety, economic cost and spares with basic criteria in this study. The maintainability criticality index (MCI) is narrated by these score values through multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) based failure analysis models like Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).FindingsThe primary findings of this research work are to propose improvements in the quality of the maintenance plan of critical component like; atomizer of a milk powder manufacturing unit which is commonly representing critical component in a major range of industrial processes. The case study recommended four silent maintenance strategies i.e. scheduled maintenance scheduled discard, scheduled failure finding and redesign as a qualified maintenance plan for the atomizer based on MCI and rankings of its potential failure causes. The results are helpful in upgrading quality standards for the maintenance activities of a process industry of alike or of dissimilar kinds in accordance with the failure analysis.Originality/valueOriginality mainly consists of investigating the scope of enhancing the existing maintenance practices through actual failure analysis with the help of TOPSIS. The criteria employed in this study are probability of chances of failure, degree of detectability and degree of severity as basic criteria along with some advanced criteria like; maintainability, spare parts, economic cost, economic safety are selected based on the outcome of shop-floor study and reliability modeling. The notable past failure statistics (downtime, frequency of failures) of a milk powder manufacturing unit were recorded and these data are analyzed based on reliability to extract an explicative component i.e. atomizer.

scholarly journals Influence of Incubation Temperature and Total Dissolved Solids on Biofilm and Spore Formation by Dairy Isolates of Geobacillus stearothermophilus

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Kumar ◽  
Steve Flint ◽  
Jon Palmer ◽  
Sawatdeenaruenat Chanapha ◽  
Chris Hall
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Solid Concentration ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

ABSTRACT Geobacillus species are important contaminants in the dairy industry, and their presence is often considered an indicator of poor plant hygiene with the potential to cause spoilage. They can form heat-resistant spores that adhere to surfaces of processing equipment and germinate to form biofilms. Therefore, strategies aimed toward preventing or controlling biofilm formation in the dairy industry are desirable. In this study, we demonstrated that the preferred temperature for biofilm and spore formation among Geobacillus stearothermophilus A1, D1, P3, and ATCC 12980 was 65°C. Increasing the total dissolved milk solid concentration to 20% (wt/vol) caused an apparent delay in the onset of biofilm and spore formation to detectable concentrations among all the strains at 55°C. Compared to the onset time of the biofilm formation of A1 in 10% (wt/vol) reconstituted skim milk, addition of milk protein (whey protein and sodium caseinate) caused an apparent delay in the onset of biofilm formation to detectable concentrations by an average of 10 h at 55°C. This study proposes that temperature and total dissolved solid concentration have a cumulative effect on biofilm and spore formation by G. stearothermophilus A1, D1, P3, and ATCC 12980. In addition, the findings from this study may indicate that preconditioning of stainless steel surfaces with adsorbed milk proteins may delay the onset of biofilm and spore formation by thermophilic bacteria during milk powder manufacture. IMPORTANCE The thermophilic bacillus Geobacillus stearothermophilus is a predominant spoilage bacterium in milk powder manufacturing plants. If its numbers exceed the accepted levels, financial losses may be incurred because of the need to lower the price of the end product. Furthermore, G. stearothermophilus bacilli can form heat-resistant spores which adhere to processing surfaces and can germinate to form biofilms. Previously conducted research had highlighted the variation in the spore and biofilm formation among three specific strains of G. stearothermophilus isolated from a milk powder manufacturing plant in New Zealand. The significance of our research is in demonstrating the effects of two abiotic factors, namely, temperature and total dissolved solid concentration, on biofilm and spore formation by these three dairy isolates, leading to modifications in the thermal processing steps aimed toward controlling biofilm and spore formation by G. stearothermophilus in the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Characterization of thermophilic bacilli from a milk powder processing plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Burgess ◽  
S.H. Flint ◽  
D. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Powder Processing ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli

scholarly journals Leading properties of GDT auctions for dairy prices

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 2303-2328
Author(s):  
Jakub Olipra
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vector Error Correction Models

PurposeProfessionals from the dairy sector commonly believe that the results of Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auctions are a good leading indicator for prices of dairy commodities. The purpose of this paper is to test that hypothesis for prices of key dairy commodities (skimmed milk powder (SMP), whole milk powder (WMP), butter and cheddar) in the main dairy markets (the US, EU and Oceania).Design/methodology/approachThe leading properties of the GDT auctions are investigated using vector error correction models (VECM).FindingsThe results show that prices at GDT auctions may be treated as a benchmark for global prices of WMP and SMP as they affect prices in all considered markets. However, in case of EU market the relationship with the GDT is bidirectional. GDT prices reveal some leading properties also in cheddar market, however price relationships in this market are much more complex. In case of butter market, GDT can be regarded as a benchmark only for Oceania.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper improve knowledge on price transmission in dairy markets, show the role of the GDT auctions in the price setting process, and thus may help professionals from the dairy sector to formulate their price expectations more precisely.Originality/valueDespite the fact that many professionals from the dairy sector treat GDT auctions as a benchmark, so far their leading properties have not been scientifically proven.

scholarly journals Detection of Viable Cryptosporidium parvum in Soil by Reverse Transcription–Real-Time PCR Targetinghsp70mRNA

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6476-6485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanbei Liang ◽  
Ann Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Rna Extraction Methods

ABSTRACTExtraction of high-quality mRNA fromCryptosporidium parvumis a key step in PCR detection of viable oocysts in environmental samples. Current methods for monitoring oocysts are limited to water samples; therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive procedure forCryptosporidiumdetection in soil samples. The efficiencies of five RNA extraction methods were compared (mRNA extraction with the Dynabeads mRNA Direct kit after chemical and physical sample treatments, and total RNA extraction methods using the FastRNA Pro Soil-Direct, PowerSoil Total RNA, E.Z.N.A. soil RNA, and Norgen soil RNA purification kits) for the direct detection ofCryptosporidiumwith oocyst-spiked sandy, loamy, and clay soils by using TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR. The study also evaluated the presence of inhibitors by synthesis and incorporation of an internal positive control (IPC) RNA into reverse transcription amplifications, used different facilitators (bovine serum albumin, yeast RNA, salmon DNA, skim milk powder, casein, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium hexametaphosphate, andSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi) to mitigate RNA binding on soil components, and applied various treatments (β-mercaptoethanol and bead beating) to inactivate RNase and ensure the complete lysis of oocysts. The results of spiking studies showed thatSalmonellacells most efficiently relieved binding of RNA. With the inclusion ofSalmonelladuring extraction, the most efficient mRNA method was Dynabeads, with a detection limit of 6 × 102oocysts g−1of sandy soil. The most efficient total RNA method was PowerSoil, with detection limits of 1.5 × 102, 1.5 × 103, and 1.5 × 104C. parvumoocysts g−1soil for sandy, loamy, and clay samples, respectively.

Benevolent leadership, perceived supervisory support, and subordinates’ performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C.H. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Perceived Supervisory Support ◽  
Benevolent Leadership ◽  
Objective Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of perceived supervisory support (PSS) and the moderating role of psychological empowerment between benevolent leadership and subordinates’ objective performance (from appraisal report evaluated by immediate supervisors after a year) over time. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 312 employees in a manufacturing plant in the People’s Republic of China was collected. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Findings The results indicated that PSS mediated the relationship between benevolent leadership and subordinates’ objective performance. This positive relationship of benevolent leadership and subordinates’ performance was stronger when supervisors exhibited higher levels of psychological empowerment. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study is that the sample was collected from the administrative staff of a manufacturing plant in China. The results may not be generalized in different contexts and professions, given the contextually and culturally specific setting. Practical implications Benevolent leadership appears to be effective in driving the work performance of subordinates. Originality/value The relationships among benevolent leadership, PSS, and work performance of subordinates have shown significant explanation.

Monitoring residue concentrations in milk from farm and throughout a milk powder manufacturing process

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Lizandra F. Paludetti ◽  
Alan L. Kelly ◽  
Bernadette O'Brien ◽  
David Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Powder Manufacturing

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research paper aimed to investigate differences in the levels of chlorate (CHLO), perchlorate (PCHLO), trichloromethane (TCM) and iodine residues in bulk tank (BT) milk produced at different milk production periods, and to monitor those levels throughout a skim milk powder (SMP) production chain (BTs, collection tankers [CTs], whole milk silo [WMS] and skim milk silo [SMS]). Chlorate, PCHLO and iodine were measured in SMP, while TCM was measured in the milk cream. The CHLO, TCM and iodine levels in the mid-lactation milk stored in the WMS were lower than legislative and industrial specifications (0.0100 mg/kg, 0.0015 mg/kg and 150 µg/l, respectively). However, in late-lactation, these levels were numerically higher than the mid-lactation levels and specifications. Trichloromethane accumulated in the cream portion after separation. Perchlorate was not detected in any of the samples. Regarding iodine, the levels in mid-lactation reconstituted SMP were higher than that required by manufacturers (100 µg/l), indicating that the levels in milk should be lower than 142 µg/l. The higher residue levels observed in late-lactation could be related to the low milk volume produced during that period and changes in sanitation practices, while changes in feed management could have affected iodine levels. This study could assist in controlling and setting limits for CHLO, TCM and iodine levels in milk, ensuring premium quality dairy products.

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